Medicine:List of optometry schools

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The following list of optometry schools covers many countries, although the list is not exhaustive. Internationally, optometry as a profession includes different levels of education.[1] The institutions listed below provide academic and professional education and clinical training that ranges from Doctor of Optometry degree level to other professional degrees in optometry and also non-degree level education leading to a diploma or other qualifications in optometry.

In many countries the role of optometry is statutorily defined, practice is regulated and there is uniformity in professional education and clinical training and the scope of practice is consistent with the definition of optometry as a profession. In such countries the nomenclature of terminal qualification may be reviewed as and when necessary. In Australia, for example, Doctor of Optometry (OD) is now established at University of Melbourne (first intake 2011) and OD is described as "an internationally recognised qualification and the gold standard for optometry education."[2]

Australia

  • Deakin University -[3] Bachelor of Vision Science, Master of Optometry
  • Flinders University[4] Bachelor of Medical Science (Vision Science), Master of Optometry
  • Queensland University of Technology -[5] BAppSc (Optom) - replaced with Bachelor of Vision Science / Master of Optometry from February 2009
  • University of Canberra -[6] Bachelor of Vision Science, Master of Optometry
  • University of Melbourne -[7] OD
  • University of New South Wales -[8] Bachelor of Vision Science/Master of Clinical Optometry

Bangladesh

  • 4 Years Bachelor of Science in Optometry (B. Optom) course in Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Chittagong Medical University since 2010 www.icoedu.org

Brazil

  • Universidade do Contestado,[9] as a partner of Fundación Universitaria San Martín, of Bogotá, Colombia

Bulgaria

  • Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski[10]

Canada

  • Université de Montréal, Québec[11]
  • University of Waterloo School of Optometry and Vision Science, Ontario[12]

Colombia

  • Fundación Universitaria del Area Andina, Pereira[13] and Bogotá[14]
  • Fundación Universitaria San Martín, Bogotá[15]
  • Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá[16]
  • Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá -[17] Master in Vision Science
  • Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá[18]
  • Universidad Metropolitana, Barranquilla[19]
  • Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga[20]

Czech Republic

Oman

Ecuador

El Salvador

France

Ghana

Greece

Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Department of Optics and Optometry[30]

Hong Kong

  • The Hong Kong Polytechnic University[31]

Hungary

Semmelweis University, Faculty of Health Sciences - Optometry within Medical Diagnostic Analysis Bsc[32] –

India

At present there are more than fifty schools of optometry in India. In 1958, two schools of optometry were established, one at Gandhi Eye Hospital, Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh and the other at Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, under the second five-year plan by Director General of Health Services of Government of India. These schools offered diplomas in optometry courses of two years duration validated by state medical faculties. Subsequently, four more schools were opened across India at Sitapur Eye Hospital, Sitapur in Uttar Pradesh, Chennai (formerly Madras) in Tamil Nadu, Bengalooru (formerly Bangalore) in Karnataka, Al Salama College of Optometry, Perinthalmana, Malappuram and Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (Govt medical college), Thiruvananthapuram (formerly Trivandrum) in Kerala.

The Elite School of Optometry (ESO) was established in 1985 at Chennai and was the first to offer a four-year degree course. This was followed by All India institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi and in Kerala Al Salama College of Optometry, Perinthalmana, Malappuram is the first private colleges to offer a bachelor's degree in optometry, Started in 2005, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (Govt Medical college), Thiruvananthapuram (formerly Trivandrum) is the first government colleges to offer a bachelor's degree in optometry in 2010; were considered as the best in excellence from Govt. of India.

The following list includes educational institutions offering four year degree courses, two or three year diploma courses and also non-degree courses. Post-graduate education in optometry is also offered in India leading to M.Optom, M.Phil., M.Sc. and Ph.D. by several universities.

  • Al Salama College of Optometry -[33] Perinthalmanna, Calicut and Kannur, Kerala
  • All India Institute of Optometrical Sciences (Academic Wing of Indian Optical Institute and Refraction Hospital Trust), Kolkata, West Bengal
  • IIMT University Meerut, India
  • Amity University Gurgaon, Haryana
  • Al Salama College of Optometry & Health Science-[34] Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
  • Advanced College of Optometry & Health Sciences, Sanpada,Navi Mumbai
  • Bareilly Institute of ParaMedical Sciences & S.S. Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
  • Bausch & Lomb School of Optometry, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
  • Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
  • Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Medical College, School of Optometry, Pune, Maharashtra.
  • Rayhan Eye hospital and Institute of Optometry, Edappal, Triprayar, Kondotty and Tirur, Kerala
  • Bharatimaiya College of Optometry, Surat, Gujrat
  • Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal[35]
  • Dr. Anand College of Optometry and Vision Science, Salem, Tamil Nadu
  • Dr. DY Patil Institute of Optometry & Visual Science (Deemed) University Maharashtra
  • Dr. N.T.R. University Of Health Sciences Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh
  • Elite School of Optometry, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  • FAHS (Faculties of Allied Health Sciences Pondicherry), Vinayaka Missions University Tamil Nadu
  • Govt. Medical college Kozhikode
  • George college of management and science
  • Himalayan University, Arunachal Pradesh
  • IGNOU (Central University), Delhi
  • ITM Institute of Health Science, (Deemed) University, Mumbai, Maharastra
  • Jadhavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal
  • Jamia Hamdard (Deemed) University, Delhi
  • Jankalyan Eye Hospital Educational and research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
  • J.R.N. Rajasthan vidyapeeth (Deemed) University, Rajasthan
  • Kalyani University, Kolkata, West Bengal
  • Kerala University of Health and Allied sciences.
  • Laxmi College of Optometry, Mumbai, Maharastra
  • Lotus College of Optometry, Mumbai, Maharastra
  • Madurai Kamraj University, Tamil Nadu
  • Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka
  • Martin Luther King University, Shillog, Meghalaya
  • Municipal Eye Hospital, School of Optometry, Mumbai, Maharastra
  • Nagar school of Optometry, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujrat
  • Netaji Subhash Institute of Optometry, Mumbai
  • Netrajyothi college of Health Science (Optometry), Bangalore, Karnataka
  • NIMS University, Rajasthan
  • NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal
  • Rabindra Bharti University, Kolkata, West Bengal
  • Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
  • RGUHS, Karnataka
  • Sankara College of Optometry, Bangalore, Karnataka
  • Sankara College of Optometry, Ludhiana, Punjab
  • Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
  • Shri Ganpati Netralaya College of Optometry, Jalna, Maharastra
  • Dr. Agarwals Institute of Optometry (a unit of Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital), Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  • Shri Rajaram Memorial Eye Hospital, Optometry research & Training Institute, Banda, Uttar Pradesh
  • Shri Vaishnav Poloticnic College Indore, Madhya Pradesh
  • Sri Ramchandra University, Porur, Tamil Nadu
  • Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Science, Assam
  • SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  • Susruta School of Optometry & Visual Sciences, Cochin, Kerala
  • The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R Medical University Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  • Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura
  • School of Medical sciences, University of Hyderabad, Telangana.[36]
  • University of Mumbai, Maharashtra
  • Uttrakhand University, Uttrakhand
  • Vasan Institute of Ophthalmology and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  • Vasan Institute of Ophthalmology and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
  • Vasan Institute of Ophthalmology and Research, Salem, Tamil Nadu
  • Veer Narmad South Gujrat University, Surat, Gujrat
  • Vidyasagar College of Optometry and Vision Science, Kolkata, West Bengal[37]
  • West Bengal University of technology, Kolkata, West Bengal
  • Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University (YCMOU), Nasik, Maharashtra

Iran

Ireland

  • Dublin Institute of Technology,[41] Dublin - BSc in Optometry

Israel

Italy

Currently there are seven state universities (in Milano, Padova, Lecce, Roma, Firenze, Napoli, and Torino) offering three-year university degrees in optics and optometry (Ottica e Optometria), formally a kind of a physics degree.

Optometry education in Italy starts in 1969-70. Some post-secondary non-university courses are currently active (2020). Their program can be accessed only by licensed opticians. Some of the more appreciated schools are:

Latvia

Lebanon

Malaysia

  • International Islamic University Malaysia[50]
  • International University College of Technology Twintech[51]
  • Management & Science University [1]
  • National Institute of Ophthalmic Sciences [2]
  • SEGi University College [3]
  • Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia[52]
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA[53]
  • UCSI University[54]

Mexico

  • National Polytechnic Institute, Unidad Santo Tomas[55] and Unidad Milpa Alta
  • Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México[56]
  • Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes -[57] Mestría en Ciencias Biomédicas Area de Optometria
  • Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez[58]
  • Universidad Xochicalco, Campus Ensenada and Campus Tijuana

Nepal

  • Tribhuwan University, B.P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Maharajgunj Medical Campus - four-year bachelor's degree program only, with no post-graduate programs available
  • National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) Bir Hospital has launched "Bachelor in Optometry and Vision Science" program in 2018. It is a four years program and the total quota for the enrollment is 40 only.

The Netherlands

  • University of Applied Sciences Utrecht

New Zealand

Nigeria

There are seven schools offering the O.D. (Doctor of Optometry) degree.

  • Abia State University Uturu, Abia State - also offers MSc and PhD programmes in Clinical Optometry in combination with FNCO
  • Bayero University, Kano, Kano State
  • Federal University of Technology Owerri
  • Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State
  • Madonna University Okija, Anambra State
  • University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria - also offers MSc programmes in vision science[60][61]
  • University of Ilorin, Kwara State.

Norway

  • Buskerud University College[62]

Pakistan

  • College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision science, KEMU, Lahore
  • Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore
  • Isra School of Optometry, Isra University, Karachi
  • University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad
  • Superior University Lahore
  • Munawar Memorial Hospital & College of Optometry, Chakwal
  • Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Peshawar
  • Pakistan Institute of Ophthalmology, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi
  • Pakistan Institute of Rehabilitation Science, (PIRS) ISRA University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad
  • Basheer Institute of Medical Sciences, Bara Khau, Islamabad
  • Pef University College, Peshawar
  • Rashid Latif Medical College
  • Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi
  • The University of Faisalabad
  • University of Lahore, Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences (DOVS), Lahore

Philippines

  • Cebu Doctors' University
  • Centro Escolar University
  • Davao Doctors' College
  • Emilio Aguinaldo College
  • Lyceum-Northwestern University
  • Manila Central University
  • Mindanao Medical Foundation College
  • Southwestern University (Philippines)
  • LPU-St. Cabrini School of Health Sciences, Inc.
  • National University-Moa

Poland

  • Adam Mickiewicz University[63]
  • Poznan University of Medical Sciences[64]
  • University of Warsaw
  • Wrocław University of Technology[65]
  • Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz[66]

Portugal

Russia

  • The Helmholtz Research Institute for Eye Diseases[69]
  • Saint Petersburg Medical Technical College [4]

Saudi Arabia

  • King Saud University, Riyadh - Doctor of Optometry (OD) and master's degree in Vision Science
  • Qassim University, Buraidah, Al-Qassim - Doctor of optometry (OD)

Singapore

  • Ngee Ann Polytechnic[70]

In 2009 University of Manchester (UK) and Singapore Polytechnic set up a degree course in optometry within the premises of Singapore Polytechnic. The degree is not recognised by the General Optical Council (GOC) in the United Kingdom.[71] This course has since been stopped[72] due to staffing issues.[73]

  • Singapore Polytechnic

South Africa

  • University of the Free State, Free State,[74]
  • University of Johannesburg, Gauteng,[75]
  • University of KwaZulu-Natal, Kwazulu Natal,[76]
  • University of Limpopo, Limpopo,[77]

4 Year bachelor's degrees including clinical optometry

Sri Lanka

School of Ophthalmic Technology, established in 1983 by the ministry of health at National Eye Hospital Colombo with the initiation of Dr. C E Parker III., honours the diploma in ophthalmic technology. However, a degree programme does not exist. These ophthalmic technologists are trained for the purpose of government hospitals.

The course is also undergone by other SAARC countries: Nepal, Maldives and Pakistan.

Optometry courses are conducted by private institutes such as Eye Care Institutes, Sri Lanka optometric association and vision care academy to provide diploma program

However, the government of Sri Lanka does not recognize optometry as a profession and has no regulations to date.

Sudan

  • Al-Neelain University - 5-year bachelor'sFaculty of optometry and visual sciences

Established in 1954 as institute of optometry in Khartoum eye hospital. Joined ministry of Higher Education in 1986 as the High Institute of Optometry, and lastly was annexed to Alneelain University in 1997 when it was re- named to become Faculty of Optometry and Visual Sciences (FOVS).

Currently FOVS has the following programs:

1- BSc optometry in 5 years 2. BSc in ophthalmic technology in 4years. 3. BSc in optical dispensary in 4 years 2- Diploma in ophthalmic technology in 3 years. 3- Diploma in optical dispensary in 3 years.

FOVS also offers MSc and PhD degrees in Optometry with sub- specialization in either binocular vision, contact lenses, ocular photography, neurology of vision, low vision, primary eye care and pediatric optometry

FOVS is the only of its kind in Sudan and is the first in Middle East and Africa .

In 2010, Alneelain University Eye Hospital was established as part of FOVS to expand training capacity and to serve community.

Ibnsina university 4-year bachelor'sFaculty of optometry and visual sciences Makka eye college 4-year bachelor'sFaculty of optometry and visual sciences University of Western Kordufan University 4-year bachelor's Faculty of optometry and visual sciences

Sweden

  • Karolinska Institutet - 3-year bachelor's degree in optometry[78] and a one-year master program in clinical Optometry.[79]
  • Linnaeus University, Kalmar - 3-year bachelor's degree in optometry[80]

Switzerland

  • University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland - Institute of Optometry [5] (To practice Optometry in Switzerland required an approval from regulatory board)
  • Swiss American International Academy - Geneva, Switzerland (To practice Optometry in Switzerland required an approval from regulatory board)

Taiwan

There are currently seven universities offering a bachelor's degree in optometry and four educational institutions offering an associate degree in optometry:

  • Asia University[81]
  • University of Kang Ning
  • Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
  • Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology
  • Dayeh University
  • Yuanpei University of Medical Technology
  • Chung Shan Medical University[82]
  • Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management
  • Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management
  • Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management[83]
  • Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management[84]

Thailand

Trinidad & Tobago

  • University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus[89][90]

United Kingdom

There are 12 educational institutions in the United Kingdom offering degrees in optometry. Nine are located in England with one optometry school in each of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland. Additionally, in England, the Institute of Optometry offers a post-graduate professional doctorate (Doctor of Optometry degree)[91][92] in partnership with London South Bank University. The Doctor of Optometry postgraduate degree is also offered at Aston University, Birmingham. The Aston Doctor of Optometry includes academic modules in independent pharmaceutical prescribing, alongside advanced optometry modules in glaucoma, retinal/macular disease, myopia and many others.

England

Wales

Scotland

Northern Ireland

  • University of Ulster, Coleraine campus[100]

United States

Twenty-three American educational institutions offer the Doctor of Optometry degree.

See also

  • List of medical schools
  • List of dental schools in the United States

References

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  2. ↑ "Doctor of Optometry : Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences : The University of Melbourne". Optometry.unimelb.edu.au. http://www.optometry.unimelb.edu.au/courses/OD.html. Retrieved 2012-09-12. 
  3. ↑ Bill Atasever (2011-07-27). "Deakin Optometry". Deakin.edu.au. Archived from the original on 2011-12-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20111216173239/http://www.deakin.edu.au/hmnbs/medicine/optometry/course-overview.php. Retrieved 2012-09-12. 
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  73. ↑ "CLOSURE OF OPTOMETRY DEGREE COURSE – DUE TO 'POLITICS'?". http://therealsingapore.com/content/closure-optometry-degree-course-%E2%80%93-due-%E2%80%98politics%E2%80%99. 
  74. ↑ "University of the Free State". ufs.ac.za. https://www.ufs.ac.za/health/departments-and-divisions/optometry-home. Retrieved 2018-04-20. 
  75. ↑ "University of Johannesburg". Uj.ac.za. http://www.uj.ac.za/optometry/. Retrieved 2012-09-12. 
  76. ↑ "Home". Spso.ukzn.ac.za. http://spso.ukzn.ac.za/Homepage.aspx. Retrieved 2012-09-12. 
  77. ↑ "University of Limpopo". Ul.ac.za. http://www.ul.ac.za/index.php?Entity=Optometry. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
  78. ↑ Jenny Enberg (2008-03-17). "Study Programme in Optometry 2008/2009 - Study Programmes - Karolinska Institutet". Ki.se. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20120402020928/http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=19088&l=en. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
  79. ↑ "Program & kurser - Program och kurser - Karolinska Institutet". Ki.se. 2010-04-15. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20120402020940/http://ki.se/utbildningsprogram?progCode=3OP08. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
  80. ↑ "Optometry Programme - Linnaeus University, Sweden - Lnu.se". Utb.lnu.se. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20120402235650/https://utb.lnu.se/education/programmes/ngopt?l=en. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
  81. ↑ "Department of Optometry - Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan". http://opt.asia.edu.tw/bin/home.php?Lang=en. 
  82. ↑ "視光學系". http://www.csmu.edu.tw/optometry/. 
  83. ↑ http://www.jente.edu.tw/教學單位/視光學科網頁/English/English_index.htm[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  84. ↑ "cover_office.-01psd". 28 July 2003. http://210.70.21.33/. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  85. ↑ http://www.ahs.nu.ac.th
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  87. ↑ http://www.rsu.ac.th/optometry
  88. ↑ "Chulabhorn International College of Medicine". http://www.cicm.tu.ac.th/. 
  89. ↑ "The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago". http://sta.uwi.edu/admissions/programmes/fac_med.asp. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  90. ↑ "B.Sc Optometry - University of the West Indies, St. Augustine. Faculty of Medical Sciences. Page 81.". sta.uwi.edu. http://sta.uwi.edu/resources/documents/facultybooklets/MedSciUndergrad.pdf. Retrieved 2013-09-10. 
  91. ↑ Agarwal, R. (2008), Integrating theory with practice, Optician, volume 236, number 6167, page 12.
  92. ↑ Agarwal, R. (2014), Developing the doctorate, Optician, volume 247, number 6439, page 26.
  93. ↑ Anglia Ruskin University, Information Services Team (2012-08-24). "University Eye Clinic - Department of Vision and Hearing Sciences - Anglia Ruskin University". Anglia.ac.uk. http://www.anglia.ac.uk/ruskin/en/home/faculties/fst/departments/vision_hearing/clinic.html. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
  94. ↑ "Healthcare Degree Courses in London - School of Health Sciences | City University London". City.ac.uk. http://www.city.ac.uk/optometry. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
  95. ↑ "Optometry". Archived from the original on 2006-05-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20060524111650/http://www.aston.ac.uk/prospective-students/ug/pros2006/lhs/02lhsopt.jsp. Retrieved 2006-11-04. 
  96. ↑ "Optometry and Vision Science - Faculty of Life Sciences". http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/lifesci/optometry/index.php. 
  97. ↑ "B510 Optometry Full Time BSC (Hons) (3 Years) [BSC] for entry in 2005". http://www.manchester.ac.uk/degreeprogrammes/undergraduate/UMBF1-M2B510.htm. 
  98. ↑ "Cardiff University". http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/optom. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  99. ↑ "GCU Virtual Advisor - Programme Details". Hp1.gcal.ac.uk. http://hp1.gcal.ac.uk/pls/portal30/my_gcal.VA_Programme_Description?gref=BSOO. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
  100. ↑ "University of Ulster :: Online Prospectus :: University of Ulster Web Module Database - Course: BSC Hons Optometry FT". Archived from the original on April 5, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080405022343/http://prospectus.ulster.ac.uk/modules/courses/F160UC.html. Retrieved February 19, 2016. 
  101. ↑ "UAB - Welcome". Uab.edu. http://www.uab.edu/optometry. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
  102. ↑ "Southern California College of Optometry". 7 November 2006. http://www.scco.edu/. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  103. ↑ "Berkeley Optometry Home Page". 5 November 2006. http://spectacle.berkeley.edu/. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  104. ↑ "Curriculum-Curriculum, Western University of Health Sciences". Westernu.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20100527214739/https://www.westernu.edu/xp/edu/optometry/welcome.xml. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
  105. ↑ University, Nova Southeastern. "Private Florida Research University - Nova Southeastern University NSU". http://www.nova.edu. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  106. ↑ Optometry, Illinois College of. "Illinois College of Optometry". http://www.ico.edu. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  107. ↑ "Optometry in Downers Grove, IL - Midwestern University". https://www.midwestern.edu/programs_and_admission/il_optometry.html. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  108. ↑ "Midwestern University - Educating Tomorrow's Healthcare Team | Midwestern University". https://www.midwestern.edu/. 
  109. ↑ "Indiana.edu". http://www.opt.indiana.edu/. 
  110. ↑ "KYCO - University of Pikeville". http://www.upike.edu/KYCO. 
  111. ↑ "School of Optometry". http://www.mcphs.edu/academics/schools/school%20of%20optometry. 
  112. ↑ "New England College of Optometry". http://www.neco.edu. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  113. ↑ "Michigan College Of Optometry - Ferris State University". http://www.ferris.edu/mco. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  114. ↑ "College of Optometry". Umsl.edu. 2012-08-30. http://www.umsl.edu/divisions/optometry. Retrieved 2012-09-29. 
  115. ↑ "SUNY College of Optometry". http://www.sunyopt.edu. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  116. ↑ "College of Optometry". http://optometry.osu.edu. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  117. ↑ "College of Optometry > NSUOCO Home - Northeastern State University". https://optometry.nsuok.edu/NSUOCOHome.aspx. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  118. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.opt.pacificu.edu/. 
  119. ↑ "Doctor of Optometry Programs". Salus.edu. http://www.salus.edu/optometry/index.html. Retrieved 2012-09-29. 
  120. ↑ http://www.optonet.inter.edu
  121. ↑ "Optometry School: Southern College of Optometry (SCO)". http://www.sco.edu. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  122. ↑ "Home - University of Houston College of Optometry Website". http://www.opt.uh.edu. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  123. ↑ "The Rosenberg School of Optometry - University of the Incarnate Word". http://www.uiw.edu/optometry/. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 
  124. ↑ "Doctor of Optometry". https://rm.edu/od/. 



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