Medicine:Non-ossifying fibroma
| Non-ossifying fibroma | |
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| Other names | Fibroxanthoma |
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| X-ray of nonossifying fibroma of distal tibia. | |
A non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) is a benign bone tumor of the osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumor type.[1] It generally occurs in the metaphysis of long bones in children and adolescents.[2] Typically, there are no symptoms unless there is a fracture.[2] It can occur as part of a syndrome such as when multiple non-ossifying fibromas occur in neurofibromatosis, or Jaffe–Campanacci syndrome in combination with cafe-au-lait spots, mental retardation, hypogonadism, eye and cardiovascular abnormalities.[2]
Diagnosis is by X-ray or MRI, usually when investigating a person for something else.[2] Medical imaging typically shows a well defined radiolucent lesion, with a distinct multilocular appearance, sometimes looking like bubbles.[2] It is usually around 1–2 cm in size, but be as large as 7 cm.[3] They consist of foci consist of collagen rich connective tissue, fibroblasts, histiocytes and osteoclasts.[2] Usually no treatment is required.[1] Surgical curettage and bone grafting may be required if it is large.[3]
It is found in 30–40% of children and adolescents, but rare in adults as most have resolved by this time.[2] They do not become malignant.[2] It affects twice as many males as females.[2] A NOF was identified on the mandible of Qafzeh 9, an early anatomically modern human dated to 90–100 000 yrs B.P.[4]
Signs and symptoms
Most people with non-ossifying fibroma have no symptoms.[1] If the tumor is large, there may be pain over the affected area, a pathological fracture, and the affected limb might not function properly.[1] It can occur as part of a syndrome such as when multiple non-ossifying fibromas occur in neurofibromatosis, or Jaffe–Campanacci syndrome in combination with cafe-au-lait spots, mental retardation, hypogonadism, eye and cardiovascular abnormalities.[2]
Diagnosis
It is usually diagnosed by x-ray or MRI, when investigating another problem.[1] The tumor presents as a well defined radiolucent lesion, with a distinct multilocular appearance, sometimes looking like a "soap bubble".[5] If small and no symptoms, then biopsy is not needed.[1]
Additional images
See also
- Fibroma
- Ossifying fibroma
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed (2020). "Non-ossifying fibroma". Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. 3 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 447–448. ISBN 978-92-832-4503-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=kaR9zQEACAAJ.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Murali, Sundaram; Ilaslan, Hakan; Holden, Darlene M. (2015). "2. An imaging approach to bone tumors". in Santini-Araujo, Eduardo (in en). Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Bone: For Surgical Pathologists, Orthopedic Surgeons and Radiologists. Springer. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4471-6577-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=qGmnCQAAQBAJ.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Paulos, Jaime (2021). "Non Ossifying Fibroma" (in en). Bone Tumors: Diagnosis and Therapy Today. Springer. pp. 139. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-7501-8_22. ISBN 978-1-4471-7501-8. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-7501-8_22.
- ↑ Coutinho Nogueira D, Dutour O, Coqueugniot H, Tillier A.-m., (2019) Qafzeh 9 mandible (ca 90–100 kyrs BP, Israel) revisited : μ-CT and 3D reveal new pathological conditions, International Journal of Paleopathology, Vol 26, pp.104-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.06.002
- ↑ Ahn, Leah; O'Donnell, Patrick. "Non-Ossifying Fibroma - Pathology - Orthobullets". https://www.orthobullets.com/pathology/8027/non-ossifying-fibroma.
External links
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