Organization:Gordon College (Massachusetts)

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Short description: Private Christian college in Massachusetts, US
Gordon College
Gordon College (Massachusetts) logo.png
Seal of Gordon College
Former names
Boston Missionary Training Institute
(1889–1891)
Boston Missionary Training School
(1891–1895)
Gordon Missionary Training School
(1895–1916)
Gordon Bible College
(1916–1921)
Gordon College of Theology and Missions
(1921–1962)
Gordon College and Divinity School
(1962–1970)
MottoΊησοῦς Χριστός, Θεοῦ Υἱός, Σωτήρ" (Greek)
Motto in English
Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior
TypePrivate college
Established1889; 135 years ago (1889)
Religious affiliation
Non-denominational Christian
Academic affiliations
Annapolis Group
CCCU
CCC
Endowment$73.9M[1]
PresidentMichael D. Hammond
Students1,857
Undergraduates1,507
Postgraduates350
Location
Wenham, Massachusetts
,
U.S.

[ ⚑ ] : 42°35′23″N 70°49′22″W / 42.5898°N 70.8229°W / 42.5898; -70.8229
CampusSuburban
|u}}rs          Navy blue & white
NicknameFighting Scots
MascotScottish Lion Rampant
Websitewww.gordon.edu

Gordon College is a private Christian college in Wenham, Massachusetts. The college offers 33 majors, 38 concentrations, and 21 interdisciplinary and pre-professional minors as well as graduate programs in education and music education. Gordon has an undergraduate enrollment of around 1,600 students representing more than 50 Christian denominations.

History

In 1889 Adoniram Judson Gordon founded the school, Boston Missionary Training Institute,[2] in the Fenway–Kenmore neighborhood of Boston at the Clarendon Street Baptist Church[3] to train Christian missionaries for work in what was then the Congo Free State.[4] Progressive at its inception in 1889, the school admitted both men and women of various ethnicities. It was renamed Gordon Bible College in 1916[3] and expanded to Newton Theological Institution facilities along the Fenway, into a facility donated by Martha Frost in 1919. Frost, a widowed Bostonian with several properties in the city, provided a significant philanthropic gift.[5] In 1921, the school was renamed Gordon College of Theology and Missions.[3]

In the early 1950s, a Gordon student named James Higginbotham approached Frederick H. Prince about selling his 1,000-acre (4.0 km2) estate to the college after learning of recent property viewings by the United Nations and Harvard University. In 1955, Gordon developed into a liberal arts college with a graduate theological seminary and moved to its present several-hundred-acre Wenham campus north of Boston.[5] Gordon sold its Boston campus on Evans Way to Wentworth Institute of Technology. The Prince Memorial Chapel on the Wenham campus (since replaced) was named for Frederick Prince, and the Prince residence was named Frost Hall after Martha Frost.

In 1958, Gordon College instituted a core curriculum. In the 1950s it launched its first study-abroad program, European Seminar.[citation needed]

In 1962, the school changed its name to Gordon College and Divinity School.[3] In 1970, the Gordon Divinity School separated from the college to merge with the Conwell School of Theology, once part of Temple University, to form the Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary in Hamilton, Massachusetts.[5]

Barrington College, founded in 1900 as the Bethel Bible Institute in Spencer, Massachusetts, later relocated to Dudley, Massachusetts, and then to Providence, Rhode Island. It took the name Barrington after the campus was moved to Barrington, Rhode Island, in 1959. Barrington merged with Gordon College in 1985, forming a United College of Gordon and Barrington.[citation needed]

Tuition decrease

In the October 2020, Gordon College announced a 33% reduction in tuition from $56.7k sticker price to $37.9k, joining two other CCCU schools in bringing tuition costs more in line with what a typical family would consider 'affordable.' The college notes that this reduction is made possible due to its Faith Rising capital campaign, which has expanded its base endowment by $125 million in the past year (250%), coupled with 24% debt reduction. Scholarships will be adjusted accordingly, with current students allowed to choose which arrangement they prefer. The reduction took effect in the fall semester of 2021.[6]

Previously, in the fall of 2019, Gordon received the largest donation in its history, an anonymous gift of $75.5 million, with additional commitments of an additional $50 million, substantially increasing an endowment of $50 million[7] and resulting in a 15% increase in college-funded student financial aid.[8]

2014 discrimination controversy

On July 1, 2014, Gordon College President D. Michael Lindsay was one of fourteen leaders of religious and civic organizations who signed a letter to U.S. President Barack Obama about an executive order he was contemplating that would prohibit federal contractors from discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.[9] The letter asked the president to include language that would exempt religious organizations from the executive order's requirements, suggesting he "find a way to respect diversity of opinion . . . in a way that respects the dignity of all parties". They suggested the exemption be based on language the U.S. Senate had recently added as an amendment to the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA).[10][11] Obama did not use the ENDA amendment's language when he issued his order on July 21 but left in place a narrower exemption established with respect to federal contractors in 2002 by President George W. Bush's Executive Order 13279.[12]

In response, on July 9, Salem, Massachusetts, Mayor Kimberley Driscoll ended Gordon College's contract to manage and maintain the city's Old Town Hall, citing a city ordinance that prohibits Salem from contracting with entities that discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation.[13] Gordon's contract with the city would otherwise have expired on September 1.[14] For similar reasons, in August, the Lynn Public Schools ended its relationship with the college, which had provided students to work without pay in the schools as part their training toward degrees in education and social work.[15]

In late July, the Peabody Essex Museum ended its academic relationship with the Gordon museum studies program, later withdrawing its support for Gordon's grant application to the National Endowment for the Humanities that aimed at funding an expansion of its museum studies program.[16] In mid-September the New England Association of Schools and Colleges gave the college a year to report on how its non-discrimination policies met the organization's standards for accreditation.[17] At its April 2015 meeting, the New England Association of Schools and Colleges affirmed that Gordon's accreditation remained in good standing, with no further action required by the Commission at that time.[18][19][20][21]

Conservative legal organizations have offered to represent the college in lawsuits that would argue that severing ties to the school constituted retaliation for the exercise of free speech and the practice of religion. Lindsay declined those offers and later said he would not have signed the letter had he anticipated the reaction and the impact on Gordon. The school subsequently reviewed its code of conduct, which, in addition to banning sex outside of marriage, bans homosexual practice.[22] Based on that review, Lindsay announced that "its policy barring student or faculty sex out of heterosexual marriage will remain as is."[23] In addition, Gordon College rolled out several initiatives aimed at preventing bullying of gay, lesbian, transsexual, and bisexual students.[23]

Lawsuits

In 2015, Lauren Barthold, associate professor in the department of philosophy, filed a lawsuit against the college for retaliating against her because she publicly disagreed with the college's President D. Michael Lindsay who sought to allow federal contractors, on the basis of religion, to discriminate against LBGTQ individuals in hiring.[24] The lawsuit contends that the college violated state laws protecting against retaliation.[25] As part of a joint resolution, Prof. Barthold resigned in 2016.[26]

In 2017, the college was sued by Margaret DeWeese-Boyd, associate professor in the department of sociology and social work. DeWeese-Boyd filed a complaint in Essex Superior Court claiming that the college's President Lindsay and Provost Janel Curry discriminated against her because of her gender and denied her promotion to full professorship for advocating against the school's LGBTQ policies. The college filed a motion seeking a summary judgment to determine whether the ministerial exception clause barred DeWeese-Boyd from suing. In November 2019, both parties appeared before the court for a hearing and DeWeese-Boyd argued that she never worked as a minister with the college. On April 2, 2020, Judge Jeffrey T. Karp of the Massachusetts Superior Court ruled against the ministerial exception defense. This decision was appealed to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) based on the July 2020 Supreme Court decision handed down in Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru.[27] The SJC upheld the Superior Court decision in an opinion authored by Justice Scott L. Kafker.[28][29] The United States Supreme Court declined a request to review the SJC's decision.[30][31]

Academic associations

Gordon College is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.[32] The music program is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM) and the social work program is accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). The Department of Education of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts recognizes Gordon College's teacher-education program under the Interstate Service Compact.[33] Gordon is a member of the Annapolis Group and of the Christian College Consortium. It is also a member of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU).

Academics

Jenks Library

Gordon College offers BA, BM, BS, MEd, MMEd, MA, and MS degrees.[33] It offers undergraduate degrees from 27 majors, 42 concentrations and 11 interdisciplinary and preprofessional minors.[34] Gordon offers both[clarification needed] a graduate degree in education and music. The Graduate Education program offers the MEd degree. The Graduate Music program offers an MMEd degree, licensure-only options, and workshops.[35]

Student life

(As of 2013) a total of 2,109 students were enrolled at Gordon College, 1,707 of them undergraduates.[36]

A Christian multidenominational college, Gordon requires students to sign the school's Statement of Faith,[37] though the religious conclusions and commitments among students and faculty remain diverse. Catholics do not teach at Gordon College although some students are Catholic. All students must also sign a Life and Conduct Statement agreeing to the standards of behavior that Gordon values. Gordon College prohibits sexual relations outside marriage, homosexual practice, alcohol, tobacco, and narcotic or hallucinogenic drugs on campus[38] and continues to uphold a dorm-visitation policy that allows for male-female visitation only during particular hours.[39] Chapel services take place on Mondays and Wednesdays, and an academic convocation takes place on Fridays; attendance of chapel, convocation or other events (lectures, debates, presentations, films, exhibitions, etc.) is required to graduate. All full-time students must obtain 30 "Christian Life and Worship Credits" per semester.[40]

Student body and demographics

Frost Hall

In the fall of 2013 the college drew its undergraduate enrollment of 1,707 from 43 states and 41 foreign countries. Approximately 22 percent of enrollment—including international students—were of Asian, African American, mestizo, Native American, or other non-Caucasian descent.

Extracurriculars

Gordon College has a student association, student ministries, intramural sports, and a Campus Events Council. There are student-led community-service and outreach organizations ranging from drama troupes to Big Brothers Big Sisters and Habitat for Humanity.

Many other Gordon College outreach programs are based at other sites, such as Lynn, Massachusetts, where the school has partners for community development. Several student-led groups organize spring-break, winter-break and summer-break community-service trips and mission trips to different sites around the country and the globe.

Athletics

Gordon College's varsity sports compete in the NCAA Division III, primarily in the Commonwealth Coast Conference (CCC). Gordon College's 30 teams compete in baseball, basketball, cross-country, field hockey, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track & field (indoor and outdoor) and volleyball. Athletes are called "The Fighting Scots."[41]

Men's basketball

Head coach Tod Murphy, who became head coach in 2009, had led the Fighting Scots to five Commonwealth Coast Conference tournament appearances (As of 2015 ).[42] One of these five years he led the team to an NCAA tournament appearance.

Eric Demers, a '20 graduate, led the nation in points per game averaging 33.3 points, including a 42-point performance against University of Hartford (Division 1).[43][44][45]

Campus

A. J. Gordon Memorial Chapel

In 2007, Gordon College dedicated its 450-acre campus property in the name of benefactors Dale E. and Sarah Ann Fowler following an unrestricted endowment promise of $60 million from their estate, which the college would receive at an undetermined future date. As of 2007, the Fowler gift (once received) was projected to triple the current endowment for Gordon College. In 2014 the Gordon endowment was $44,008,437.[46] The Dale E. and Sarah Ann Fowler Campus at Gordon College is 25 miles north of Boston. The campus is situated on 450 acres (180 ha) of wooded property.

The Gordon College Bennett Center[47] is a 78,000 square feet (7,200 m2) athletics and recreational sports facility. The Bennett Center is a gift to the Gordon community from the George and Helen Bennett family. The $8 million center was completed in October 1996 and in 1997 won the Athletics Business Magazine Top Ten New Facilities Award for its design and usability.

The Ken Olsen Science Center, named for the founder of Digital Equipment Corporation and long-time Gordon College Board member, Ken Olsen, is an 80,000 square feet (7,400 m2) science and technology center.

Gordon Global Programs

Gordon's Global Education Office has programs in Orvieto, Italy, Hong Kong, Oxford, Belize, Croatia, the Balkans, New Zealand, Latin America, and Uganda. Students enrolled in Gordon's Global program may use financial aid towards a study abroad semester.

Notable alumni

  • John-Manuel Andriote, journalist. Writer for the Washington Post specializing reporting on HIV and AIDS.
  • Edwin David Aponte, cultural historian, author, Presbyterian minister, and executive director at the Louisville Institute.
  • Roy A. Clouser, Professor Emeritus of The College of New Jersey. He has served as professor of philosophy and religion at the college since 1968.
  • The Rev. Dr. Jonathan Draper, Anglican priest and theologian, Dean of Exeter Cathedral 2012–2017, prev. residentiary Canon Theologian at York Minster.
  • Rob Graves, Grammy-nominated songwriter and producer, double majored in pre-medical biology and theology, and graduated in 2000.[48]
  • Pete Holmes, comedian, member of the Gordon College campus comedy group, The Sweaty-Toothed Madmen.
  • James Davison Hunter, sociologist who is currently the LaBrosse-Levinson Distinguished Professor of Religion, Culture, and Social Theory at the University of Virginia.
  • Meredith G. Kline, theologian and Old Testament scholar. He also had degrees in Assyriology and Egyptology.
  • George Eldon Ladd, Baptist minister and professor of New Testament exegesis and theology at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California
  • Thomas Lake,[49] Senior Writer at CNN, author of Unprecedented: The Election That Changed Everything, a book about the 2016 election.
  • Michael Messenger,[50] CEO of World Vision Canada
  • Kenneth Lee Pike, linguist and anthropologist. He was the originator of the theory of tagmemics and coiner of the terms "emic" and "etic".
  • Ralph Richardson, former chancellor of Atlantic Baptist University (now Crandall University) in Canada.
  • Gary D. Schmidt, award-winning writer of fiction and nonfiction for children and young adults.
  • Hillary Scholten, U.S. Representative from Michigan.
  • Jen Simmons, web developer, graphic designer and educator
  • Christian Smith, William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for the Study of Religion and Society and the Center for Social Research at the University of Notre Dame.
  • Doug Worgul, novelist, attended in 1971 and 1972.
  • Theodore Roosevelt Malloch

Notable faculty

  • Marvin R. Wilson - Emeriti, Harold John Ockenga Professor of Biblical & Theological Studies
  • Bruce Herman – Professor of art, visual artist and author

References

  1. ↑ "Gordon College Institutional Advancement". https://gordonedu.sharepoint.com/WebLinks/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx?id=%2FWebLinks%2FShared%20Documents%2FDevelopment%2FPresident%27s%20Report%202019%2D1%2E16%2E20%2Epdf&parent=%2FWebLinks%2FShared%20Documents%2FDevelopment&p=true&originalPath=aHR0cHM6Ly9nb3Jkb25lZHUuc2hhcmVwb2ludC5jb20vOmI6L2cvV2ViTGlua3MvRWVnWW5lSnhFcjVGcFRsdHR6RlpxWkVCOFRLOGpfTWJnLUhXdWdGRHZDRW9mQT9ydGltZT1tTDZLcHBoVjJFZw. 
  2. ↑ "A. J. Gordon Heritage Project". gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/ajgordon. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Songe, Alice H. (1978). American universities and colleges: a dictionary of name changes by Alice H. Songe. Rowman & Littlefield (1978), p. 79. ISBN 9780810811379. https://books.google.com/books?id=vIpqqwX1yfEC&q=gordon. Retrieved 2012-09-14. 
  4. ↑ "A. J. Gordon Heritage Project - Gordon College". https://www.gordon.edu/ajgordon. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "History at Gordon College". Gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/page.cfm?iPageID=345&iCategoryID=31&About&History_of_Gordon. 
  6. ↑ Leighton, Paul. "Gordon College to cut tuition by 33%". https://www.salemnews.com/news/gordon-college-to-cut-tuition-by-33/article_3c096184-0966-11eb-974d-0be1f553fff6.html. 
  7. ↑ Fernandes, Deirdre. "A small religious college gets a $75 million lifeline - The Boston Globe". https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/20/small-religious-college-gets-million-lifeline/HB5W2xkJA9q7Skm4TYZ3qO/story.html. 
  8. ↑ Shellnutt, Kate. "Gordon College Receives Record $75.5 Million Donation" (in en). https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2019/october/gordon-college-receives-record-75-million-donation.html. 
  9. ↑ "Gordon head Michael Lindsay: Letter on hiring gays 'misconstrued'". The Salem News. July 9, 2014. http://www.salemnews.com/local/x1927847880/Gordon-head-Michael-Lindsay-Letter-on-hiring-gays-misconstrued. 
  10. ↑ Hirschfeld, Julie (July 8, 2014). "Faith Groups Seek Exclusion From Bias Rule". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/us/faith-groups-seek-exclusion-from-bias-rule.html. 
  11. ↑ "Letter to Obama from faith leaders". Washington Post. July 1, 2014. https://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/documents/local/letter-to-obama-from-faith-leaders/1072/. 
  12. ↑ "Executive Order 13279—Equal Protection of the Laws for Faith-Based and Community Organizations | The American Presidency Project". https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive-order-13279-equal-protection-the-laws-for-faith-based-and-community. 
  13. ↑ "Salem nixes Gordon College contract". The Salem News. July 9, 2014. http://www.salemnews.com/news/local_news/article_feef4591-26c0-5147-98da-81a7b28070fd.html. 
  14. ↑ Rocheleau, Matt (July 10, 2014). "Salem ends Gordon College's use of town hall". Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/07/09/salem-cut-ties-with-gordon-college-over-school-request-for-religious-exemption-antigay-discrimination-rules/goy5ep3SGqAD0yqHWp77oO/story.html. 
  15. ↑ Ortega, Oliver (August 30, 2014). "Lynn public schools sever relationship with Gordon College". Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/08/29/lynn-public-schools-sever-relationship-with-gordon-college/aw1KwO4RGVpn284rR1jTgO/story.html. 
  16. ↑ Dempsey, Neil H. (July 25, 2014). "Peabody Essex Museum severs ties with Gordon College". Salem News. http://www.salemnews.com/news/local_news/article_edd9cdf4-8783-5676-986f-902ee69fd3c3.html. 
  17. ↑ Moore, Mary (September 25, 2014). "Accreditation board gives Gordon College a year to review policy on homosexuality". Boston Business Journal. http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2014/09/25/accreditation-board-gives-gordon-college-a-year-to.html. 
  18. ↑ "Joint Statement by Gordon College and the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education". New England Association of Schools & Colleges, Inc.. April 15, 2015. https://gordonedu.sharepoint.com/WebLinks/_layouts/15/guestaccess.aspx?guestaccesstoken=vlSAEwLHLGlhNuV5JSnPiQiWaDQubm0%2fqONhF%2fNbfcc%3d&docid=090437f2a39c8471a9b6251a50aa056db. 
  19. ↑ "College Creative - Gordon College". https://www.gordon.edu/collegecreative. 
  20. ↑ Jones, Leigh (March 27, 2015). "Review board: Gordon College accreditation not at risk". WORLD. http://www.worldmag.com/2015/03/review_board_gordon_college_accreditation_not_at_risk. 
  21. ↑ French, David (May 1, 2015). "Gordon College Keeps Its Faith and Its Accreditation". National Review. http://www.nationalreview.com/article/417788/gordon-college-keeps-its-faith-and-its-accreditation-david-french. 
  22. ↑ Zoll, Rachel (November 3, 2014). "Gordon College President Was Surprised At Reaction To Anti-Gay Stance". Huffington Post. Associated Press. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/03/gordon-college-anti-gay_n_6094652.html. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Gordon College maintains ban on 'homosexual practice,' creates human sexuality task force". https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/03/17/gordon-college-maintains-ban-homosexual-practice-creates-human-sexuality-task-force. 
  24. ↑ Weinberg, Justin (2016-09-13). "Barthold Retaliation Case Settled" (in en-US). http://dailynous.com/2016/09/13/barthold-retaliation-case-settled/. 
  25. ↑ "Barthold v. Gordon College" (in en). 2016-03-07. https://www.aclum.org/en/cases/barthold-v-gordon-college. 
  26. ↑ Leighton, Paul. "Professor who sued Gordon College agrees to resign" (in en). https://www.salemnews.com/news/professor-who-sued-gordon-college-agrees-to-resign/article_c1ec38b4-705c-11e6-9c99-734173d39fd1.html. 
  27. ↑ "Mass Appellate Courts - Public Case Search". https://www.ma-appellatecourts.org/docket/SJC-12988. 
  28. ↑ "DeWeese-Boyd v. Gordon College (Mass. SJC)". March 5, 2021. https://law.justia.com/cases/massachusetts/supreme-court/2021/sjc-12988.html. 
  29. ↑ Andersen, Travis (March 5, 2021). "SJC: Christian college can't claim former social work professor was minister in legal dispute". Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/03/05/metro/sjc-christian-college-cant-claim-former-social-work-professor-was-minister-legal-dispute/. 
  30. ↑ Silliman, Daniel (March 1, 2022). "SCOTUS Won't Weigh Whether Christian College Profs Are Ministers—For Now". Christianity Today. https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2022/march/scotus-ministerial-exception-college-gordon-deweese-boyd.html. 
  31. ↑ "Gordon College v. DeWeese-Boyd". https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/gordon-college-v-deweese-boyd/. 
  32. ↑ Massachusetts Institutions – NECHE, New England Commission of Higher Education, https://www.neche.org/institutions/ma/, retrieved May 26, 2021 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Stats and Facts". Gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/page.cfm?iPageID=384&iCategoryID=31&About&Stats_and_Facts. 
  34. ↑ "Academics". Gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/academics. 
  35. ↑ "Christian College: Graduate Programs – Gordon College". Gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/graduate. 
  36. ↑ "National Center for Education Statistics: Gordon College". Nces.ed.gov. http://nces.ed.gov/globallocator/col_info_popup.asp?ID=165936. 
  37. ↑ "Statement of Faith". gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/page.cfm?iPageID=355&iCategoryID=32&Chapel&Statement_of_Faith. 
  38. ↑ "Summary of Behavioral Expectations at Gordon College". Gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/page.cfm?iPageID=380&iCategoryID=31&About&Behavioral_Expecations. 
  39. ↑ "Residence Life Information and Policies". Gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/page.cfm?iPageID=494&iCategoryID=118&Student_Life&Residence_Life:_Information_and_Policies. 
  40. ↑ "Chapel Attendance Policy at Gordon College". Gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/page.cfm?iPageID=474&iCategoryID=32&Chapel&Chapel_Attendance_Policy. 
  41. ↑ "Gordon College Athletics - Official Athletics Website". https://athletics.gordon.edu/. 
  42. ↑ "Gordon Athletics – Men's Basketball Archives". gordon.edu. http://athletics.gordon.edu/sports/2011/6/17/MBALL%20Archives.aspx?path=mbball. 
  43. ↑ "Gordon Athletics – 2009–10 Men's Basketball Schedule". Gordon College. http://athletics.gordon.edu/schedule.aspx?path=mbball&schedule=25. 
  44. ↑ "Gordon Athletics – Eric Demers". Gordon College. http://www.southcoasttoday.com/sports/20200204/acushnets-eric-demers-leads-nation-in-scoring. 
  45. ↑ "Sports Illustrated – Eric Demers". Gordon College. https://www.si.com/college/2020/02/20/eric-demers-gordon-ncaa-leading-scorer. 
  46. ↑ "Gordon Endowment 2014". http://www.gordon.edu/profile/advancement. 
  47. ↑ "Bennett Center". gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/bennett. 
  48. ↑ "In Focus: Alumni". gordon.edu. http://www.gordon.edu/article.cfm?iArticleID=346&iReferrerPageID=1676&... 
  49. ↑ "CNN Profiles - Thomas Lake - Senior Writer". https://www.cnn.com/profiles/thomas-lake-profile. 
  50. ↑ "Michael Messenger, next President of World Vision Canada". https://www.worldvision.ca/about-us/media-centre/michael-messenger-named-next-president. 

External links



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