Organization:Tennessee State University

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Short description: Public historical black college in Nashville, Tennessee, US
"Tennessee State" redirects here. For the U.S. state, see Tennessee .
Tennessee State University
Tennessee State University seal.svg
Former names
Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State Normal School for Negroes (1912–1925)
Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State Normal College (1925–1927)
Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College (1927–1968)
MottoThink. Work. Serve
TypePublic, historically black land-grant university
EstablishedJune 19, 1912; 112 years ago (1912-06-19)
Academic affiliation
  • ORAU
  • TMCF
Endowment$91.1 million (2021)[1]
PresidentGlenda Glover
ProvostMichael Harris (interim)
Academic staff
377 full-time & 114 part-time[2]
Students9,218 (Fall 2022)[3]
Undergraduates7,678 (Fall 2022)
Postgraduates1,540 (Fall 2022)
Location
Nashville
,
Tennessee
,
United States

[ ⚑ ] : 36°10′00″N 86°49′50″W / 36.1666667°N 86.83056°W / 36.1666667; -86.83056
CampusLarge city
|u}}rsBlue and white[4]
         
NicknameTigers and Lady Tigers
Websitewww.tnstate.edu
Tennessee State University logo.svg
Tennessee State University Historic District
WTN PeepHoles 052.JPG
Location3500 John A. Merritt Blvd
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
ArchitectMarr & Holman, et al.
NRHP reference #96000677
Added to NRHPJune 14, 1996

Tennessee State University (Tennessee State, Tenn State, or TSU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, it is the only state-funded historically black university in Tennessee. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.[5] Tennessee State University offers 41 bachelor's degrees, 23 master's degrees, and eight doctoral degrees.[6][7] It is classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".[8]

History

The university was established as the Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State Normal School for Negroes in 1912.[9][10] Its dedication was held on January 16, 1913.[9] It changed its name to Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State Normal College in 1925.[9] Two years later, in 1927, it became known as Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College.[9]

In 1941, the Tennessee General Assembly directed the Board of Education to upgrade the educational program of the college. Three years later the first master's degrees were awarded and by 1946 the college was fully accredited the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.[11]

Significant expansion occurred during the presidency of Walter S. Davis between 1943 and 1968, including the construction of "70 percent of the school's facilities" and the establishment of the graduate school and four other schools.[12]

In 1968, the college officially changed its name to Tennessee State University, and in 1979, the University of Tennessee at Nashville merged into Tennessee State due to a court mandate.[11]

In 2022, Tennessee State University was awarded a historic $250 million from the state legislature as reparations for decades of discriminatory state funding compared to fellow public Tennessee institutions of higher education. The funds will be used to upgrade facilities and academic programs on campus.[13] Tennessee State's $250 million investment is the largest single investment into a historically black institution in the history of the country.[14]

In 2023, Tennessee State's most well known graduate, Oprah Winfrey, served as the official commencement speaker for the first time.[15]

Today, Tennessee State University is divided into eight schools and colleges and has seen steady growth since its inception. It remains the only public university in Nashville and its health science program is the largest in the state and one of the largest in the nation.[16]

Aligned with the Tennessee Board of Regents, it is currently governed by an institutional board of trustees.

Campus

The 500 acres (2.0 km2) main campus has more than 65 buildings, and is located in a residential setting at 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd in Nashville, Tennessee. Tennessee State's main campus has the most acres of any college campus in Nashville. The Avon Williams campus is located downtown, near the center of the Nashville business and government district. Tennessee State offers on-campus housing to students. There are on-campus dorms and two apartment complexes for upperclassmen. On-campus facilities include dormitories Wilson Hall, Watson Hall, Eppse Hall, Boyd Hall, Rudolph Hall, Hale Hall, as well as the Ford Complex and New Residence Complex, TSU's two on-campus apartment complexes.

Academics

University rankings
National
U.S. News & World Report[19] 34 (tie) in Historically Black Colleges and Universities;

293-381 in National Universities [17]

Washington Monthly[20] 100 [18]

The university is currently accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) to award 38 baccalaureate degrees, 24 master's degrees, and doctoral degrees in seven areas (Biological Sciences, Computer Information Systems Engineering, Psychology, Public Administration, Curriculum and Instruction, Educational Administration and Supervision, and Physical Therapy), as well as two Associate of Science degree programs, one in nursing and one in dental hygiene.[21]

Tennessee State is classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."[22]

The university is organized into the following colleges:

  • College of Agriculture, Human, and Natural Sciences[23]
  • College of Business[24]
  • College of Education[25]
  • College of Engineering[26]
  • College of Health Sciences[27]
  • College of Liberal Arts[28]
  • College of Life and Physical Sciences[29]
  • College of Public Service[30]

The University Honors College (UHC) is an exclusive academic program founded in 1964 that caters to select academically talented and highly motivated undergraduate students.[31]

The College of Business is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). It was the first institution in Nashville to earn the accreditation of both its undergraduate and graduate business programs in 1994. The Psychology program is accredited by the American Psychological Association and the Teacher Education program by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE).

The College of Engineering has developed corporate partnerships with NASA, Raytheon, and General Motors and is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and the National Association of Industrial Technology (NAIT).

The College of Health Sciences (formerly the School of Allied Health) includes such programs as the Masters in Physical Therapy and the Bachelor of Health Sciences. The Master of Public Health program was accredited in 2015 by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH).[32]

Student activities

Tennessee State University Tigers wordmark

Athletics

Tennessee State University sponsors seven men's and eight women's teams in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sanctioned sports.[33] The school competes in the NCAA's Division I Football Championship Subdivision and is a member of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC). As a member of the OVC, Tennessee State is one of three Division I HBCU athletic programs that are not members of either the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) or Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC), whose members are primarily HBCU institutions.

Student organizations

There are over 60 registered student organizations on campus including the Student Government Association, Aristocrat of Bands (AOB), and many fraternities and sororities.[34]

Notable alumni

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Aviation

Name Class year Notability References
U. L. "Rip" Gooch Commercial pilot (20,000+ hours); certified flight instructor; owner/president, Aero Services, Inc.; 1993 Kansas Governor's Aviation Honor Award; inductee, Black Aviation Hall of Fame [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]

Civil rights

Name Class year Notability References
U. L. "Rip" Gooch Civil rights activist; Commissioner, Kansas Commission on Civil Rights (also see: "Politics" below) [35][37][38][44]

Education

Name Class year Notability References
Glenda Glover 1974 Eighth president of Tennessee State University [45]
Sylvia Lyons Render 1934 English professor at two HBCUs, manuscript curator at the Library of Congress
Andrew P. Torrence 1948 Third president of Tennessee State University [46]
Arthuryne J. Welch-Taylor 1953 education professor at several HBCUs, researcher with the National Education Association

Entertainment

Name Class year Notability References
Jimmy Blanton Jazz musician [47]
Hank Crawford Jazz musician [48]
Moses Gunn Actor [49]
Lee Summers 1980 Broadway Original Dreamgirls, actor, writer [50]
Leon Thomas Jazz singer (attended two years) [51]
Key Wane 2012 Hip hop record producer [52]
Oprah Winfrey 1987 Talk show host, actress, entrepreneur [53]

Politics

Name Class year Notability References
James Clayborne, Jr. 1985 Member of the Illinois Senate [54]
Vincent Dixie Representative in the Tennessee House of Representatives [55]
Harold Ford, Sr. Member of the U.S. Congress [56]
Howard Gentry, Jr. Politician [57]
U. L. "Rip" Gooch Member, Kansas Senate (oldest serving Kansas state senator at 2004 retirement); member, City Council of Wichita, Kansas (also see: "Civil Rights" above) [35][37][38][44][58][59][60]
Thelma Harper Member of the Tennessee Senate [61]
Harvey Johnson, Jr. Former mayor of Jackson, Mississippi [62]
Ronnie Lewis Former mayor of Dolton, Illinois [63]
Dr. C. O. Simpkins, Sr. Dentist in Shreveport, civil rights activist, and member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1992 to 1996 [64]
A C Wharton Mayor of Memphis, Tennessee [65]

Science and technology

Name Class year Notability References
Leonard Jordan Acting chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture responsible for cultivating public-private partnerships that result in good land and water management practices.
Dorothy McClendon 1948 American microbiologist who developed methods to protect stored goods, notably fuel, from degradation due to biological agents. [66]
Dorothy J. Phillips 1966 American chemist and Director-at-Large at the American Chemical Society
Jesse Russell Electrical engineer and wireless communications pioneer
Carla Walker-Miller Engineer and founder and CEO of Walker-Miller Energy Services
Angie Jones Software Engineer. Holds 26 patented inventions in the United States of America and Japan. [67]

Sports

Name Class year Notability References
Joe Adams CFL football player [68]
Brent Alexander NFL football player [69]
Hubbard Alexander American football player
Bennie Anderson 1999 NFL football player [70]
Dick Barnett 1959 NBA basketball player [71]
Ralph Boston Olympic athlete; three time medal winning long jumper [72]
Sam Bowers Gridiron football player [73]
Waymond Bryant NFL football player [74]
Chandra Cheeseborough Olympic runner; gold and silver medalist
Robert Covington 2013 NBA basketball player
Dave Davis NFL football player [75]
Richard Dent NFL football player and member of Pro Football Hall of Fame [76]
Keron DeShields Basketball player in the Israeli National League
Lamar Divens NFL football player [77]
Cleveland Elam NFL football player [78]
J.J. Eubanks American basketball player; top scorer in the 1994-95 Israel Basketball Premier League
Charley Ferguson AFL football player [79]
Ryan Fann Paralympic runner [80]
Sean Foley Golf instructor to PGA Tour players [81]
Randy Fuller NFL football player [82]
Rogers Gaines NFL football player [83]
Joe Gilliam NFL football player [84]
W. C. Gorden 1952 Head football coach at Jackson State University, 1976–1991; member of College Football Hall of Fame [85][86]
Mike Hegman NFL football player [87]
Jarrick Hillery American football player [88]
Claude Humphrey NFL football player and member of Pro Football Hall of Fame [89]
Ed "Too Tall" Jones NFL football player [90]
Joe "Turkey" Jones NFL football player [91]
Larry Kinnebrew NFL football player [92]
Anthony Levine NFL football player [93]
Madeline Manning Olympic runner; gold medalist [94]
Anthony Mason NBA basketball player [95]
Edith McGuire Olympic runner; gold and two silver medals [96]
Patrick Miller American basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
Steve Moore NFL football player [97]
Lloyd Neal NBA basketball player [98]
Robert Porcher NFL football player [99]
Brian Ransom NFL football player [100]
Leonard "Truck" Robinson NBA basketball player [101]
Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie NFL football player [102]
Carlos Rogers 1994 Former NBA basketball player [103]
Wilma Rudolph Olympic runner; first woman of color to win three gold medals in a single Olympics [104]
Simon Shanks NFL football player [105]
Nate Simpson NFL football player [106]
Ahmaad Smith American football player [107]
Ollie Smith NFL football player [108]
Larry Tharpe NFL football player [109]
Wyomia Tyus Olympic runner; first person to retain the Olympic title in the 100 m [110]
Charlie Wade NFL football player [111]
Carl Wafer NFL football player [112]
Willye White 1950s Olympic track and field athlete; two silver medals [113]
Javarris Williams NFL football player [114]

See also

  • List of Tennessee State University presidents
  • Southern Heritage Classic
  • From the Rough

References

  1. ↑ As of March 7, 2022. HBCU Money's 2021 Top 10 HBCU Endowments (Report). The Tennessee Tribune. March 7, 2021. https://tntribune.com/hbcu-moneys-2021-top-10-hbcu-endowments/. Retrieved May 22, 2022. 
  2. ↑ "College Navigator - Tennessee State University". https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Tennessee+State+University&s=all&id=221838. 
  3. ↑ "Tennessee State Fall 2022 Enrollment". https://www.tnstate.edu/ir/FB%202022-2023%20-%20Enrollment%20by%20Student%20Level%20and%20Classification.pdf. 
  4. ↑ "Tennessee State University Style Guide". https://www.tnstate.edu/publications/logos.aspx. 
  5. ↑ "Member-Schools". Thurgood Marshall College Fund. https://www.tmcf.org/about-us/our-schools/member-schools. 
  6. ↑ "Undergraduate Programs". Tennessee State University. 2014. http://www.tnstate.edu/undergraduate/. 
  7. ↑ "Tennessee State University - Graduate Degrees and Programs". College Tuition Compare. 2019. https://www.collegetuitioncompare.com/graduate/tennessee-state-university/. 
  8. ↑ "Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup". Center for Postsecondary Education. https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=221838. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Lovett, Bobby L.. "Tennessee State University". Tennessee Historical Society and the University of Tennessee Press. http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1358. 
  10. ↑ Lamon, Lester C. (Spring 1973). "The Tennessee Agricultural and Industrial Normal School: Public Higher Education for Black Tennesseans". Tennessee Historical Quarterly 32 (1): 42–58. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Tennessee State University (1912- ) - The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed". January 5, 2010. http://www.blackpast.org/aah/tennessee-state-university-1912. 
  12. ↑ "Black History Month: Walter Davis helped build TSU while president". The Tennessean. February 11, 2015. http://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2015/02/11/black-history-month-walter-davis-helped-build-tsu-while-president/23246837/. 
  13. ↑ "Tennessee State University outlines spending plans for $250M from state". January 16, 2023. https://www.wkrn.com/news/local-news/nashville/tennessee-state-university-outlines-spending-plans-for-250m-from-state/. 
  14. ↑ "$250M goes to TSU for infrastructure projects, none used to add on-campus housing". January 17, 2023. https://www.wsmv.com/2023/01/17/250m-goes-tsu-infrastructure-projects-none-used-add-on-campus-housing/. 
  15. ↑ .https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/local/staff/2023/05/06/what-did-oprah-winfrey-say-at-tennessee-state-universitys-graduation/70163963007/#:~:text=Oprah%20Winfrey%20delivered%20a%20hopeful,lawmakers%20as%20examples%20to%20all.
  16. ↑ University, Tennessee State. "Academic Programs". http://www.tnstate.edu/academic_programs/index.aspx. 
  17. ↑ "Tennessee State University". https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/tennessee-state-3522. 
  18. ↑ "2018 National Universities Rankings". https://washingtonmonthly.com/2018college-guide?ranking=2018-rankings-national-universities. 
  19. ↑ "2021 Best National University Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities. 
  20. ↑ "2020 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. https://washingtonmonthly.com/2020college-guide/national. 
  21. ↑ "Division of Academic Affairs". Tennessee State University. January 2, 2018. http://www.tnstate.edu/academic_programs/colleges/. 
  22. ↑ "Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education". Indiana University. 2019. http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=221838. 
  23. ↑ "College of Agriculture". Tennessee State University. June 4, 2018. http://www.tnstate.edu/agriculture/. 
  24. ↑ "College of Business". Tennessee State University. August 1, 2018. http://www.tnstate.edu/business/. 
  25. ↑ "College of Education". Tennessee State University. July 30, 2018. http://www.tnstate.edu/coe/. 
  26. ↑ "College of Engineering". Tennessee State University. August 30, 2018. http://www.tnstate.edu/engineering/. 
  27. ↑ "College of Health Sciences". Tennessee State University. July 10, 2018. http://www.tnstate.edu/health_sciences/. 
  28. ↑ "College of Liberal Arts". Tennessee State University. July 5, 2018. http://www.tnstate.edu/cla/. 
  29. ↑ "College of Life and Physical Sciences". Tennessee State University. April 17, 2018. http://www.tnstate.edu/sciences/. 
  30. ↑ "College of Public Service". Tennessee State University. August 30, 2018. http://www.tnstate.edu/cpsua/. 
  31. ↑ "University Honors Program". Tennessee State University. October 31, 1995. http://www.tnstate.edu/honors/about/index.aspx. 
  32. ↑ "Master of Public Health Program at Tennessee State University Receives Full Accreditation". http://www.tnstate.edu/phas/mphaccreditation.aspx. 
  33. ↑ "Official Site of Tennessee State Athletics". TSUTigers.com. http://www.tsutigers.com/. 
  34. ↑ "Student Organizations". http://www.tnstate.edu/campus_life/organizations.aspx. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Senate Resolution No.1770: A Resolution congratulating and commending Senator Ulysses Lee "Rip" Gooch, Kansas State Senate, 2013
  36. ↑ "Gooch and Johnson honored as aviators," September 6, 2001, Wichita Business Journal
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Gooch, U.L. "Rip" with Glen Sharp, Black Horizons: One Aviator's Experience in the Post-Tuskeegee Era,2006, Aviation Business Consultants, Wichita, KS. (Self-published autobiography, partially published online at Google Books, and distributed by Amazon.com
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 U.L. "Rip" Gooch - Legislator, aviator and activist, website of the Kansas African American Affairs Commission, Office of the Governor, State of Kansas, September 13, 2013 (retrieved Oct.29, 2014).
  39. ↑ Noble. Horace - "Jayhawk at Skyhook 2014; Senator U.L. "Rip" Gooch attends Skyhook 2014", Sept. 2014, BPA ATIS newsletter, Black Pilots of America, Pine Bluff, Arkansas; notation that Gooch was an original member of the black aviation organization Negro Aviation International, Inc., before transferring to the BPA, and notes his attendance at Skyhook 2014, "the premier event of Black aviation." Reports his May 2014 election as Sergeant-at-Arms of the Jayhawk Chapter of the BPA.
  40. ↑ "Salina bankers deny claim they discriminate against minorities,", "Salina Journal, June 6, 1971, page 8, (retrieved Oct.29, 2014 from "Newspapers.com"); includes TEXT identifying "U.L. "Rip" Gooch, president of Aero Services Co., Wichita," as one of the speakers.
  41. ↑ Chance, Carl, ed., "Kansas Governors Aviation Honor Awards: U. L. 'RIP' GOOCH,", WingsOverKansas.com, Nov. 12, 1993
  42. ↑ Campbell, Jim, ed., "Who Is Rip Gooch And Why Do We Owe Him? 80-Year Old Aviation Pioneer Feted In Wichita,"Aero-News Network online, Sep 15, 2003
  43. ↑ Weems, Robert E., Jr., "Commentary: Past and Present Wichita's Black Entrepreneurs", KMUW-FM radio (public radio station at Wichita State University), February 6, 2013
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Associated Press, State Rights Commission Aggressive Force, Garden City Telegram, May 6, 1971, page 3
  45. ↑ "Glenda Glover". Tnstate.edu. http://www.tnstate.edu/president/. 
  46. ↑ "Dr. Andrew Torrence, third TSU President, Dies". The Tennessean: pp. 6; 18. June 12, 1980. https://www.newspapers.com/image/111911299/?terms=%22Andrew%2BP.%2BTorrence%22. 
  47. ↑ "Jimmy Blanton". Notable Names Data Base. http://www.nndb.com/people/291/000205673/. 
  48. ↑ "Hank Crawford". All About Jazz.. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/musician.php?id=5970#.UUItwhx--BE. 
  49. ↑ "Moses Gunn". IMDb.com, Inc.. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0348214/bio. 
  50. ↑ "Lee Summers". http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0838745/. 
  51. ↑ Perrone, Pierre (June 2, 1999). "Obituary: Leon Thomas". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-leon-thomas-1097568.html. 
  52. ↑ Latimore, Marshall (December 13, 2012). "For Detroit's KeY Wane, Graduation Has Two Degrees of Success". http://www.blackenterprise.com/money/key-wane-wiki-producer-college-degrees-big-sean/. 
  53. ↑ "Oprah Winfrey". Stanford News. June 15, 2008. http://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/june18/como-061808.html. 
  54. ↑ "Biography". http://www.senatorclayborne.com/index.php/biography. 
  55. ↑ "Sponsor List". State of Tennessee. http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/sponsorlist/default.aspx?id=H540&ga=111. 
  56. ↑ "Harold Ford, Sr". Notable Names Data Base. http://www.nndb.com/people/543/000116195/. 
  57. ↑ "Howard Gentry, Jr". League of Women Voters of California Education Fund.. http://www.smartvoter.org/1999aug/tn/dv/vote/gentry_h/bio.html. 
  58. ↑ Associated Press, Oldest state senator leaving post , December 20, 2003, Topeka Capital-Journal,
  59. ↑ Associated Press (John Hanna), "Legislature ends session with nod to senator,", May 30, 2003, Lawrence Journal-World
  60. ↑ Associated Press, "Senate Honors Oldest Member Before 2003 Adjournment", May 30, 2003, Salina Journal, page 3
  61. ↑ "Thelma Harper". Tennessee General Assembly. http://www.capitol.tn.gov/senate/members/s19.html. 
  62. ↑ "Harvey Johnson, Jr". 1995-2010 City of Jackson, MS. http://www.jacksonms.gov/government/mayor/mayorbio. 
  63. ↑ Tejada, Gregory (December 8, 2014). "Educator was Suburb's First Black Official". The Chicago Tribune. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108150603/chicago-tribune/. 
  64. ↑ "Louisiana: Simpkins, C. O.", Who's Who in American Politics, 2003-2004, 19th ed., Vol. 1 (Alabama-Montana) (Marquis Who's Who: New Providence, New Jersey, 2003), p. 794
  65. ↑ "A C Wharton". 2013 City of Memphis. http://www.cityofmemphis.org/Government/ExecutiveDivision/MayorsOffice.aspx. 
  66. ↑ Wini Warren (1999). Black Women Scientists in the United States. Indiana University Press. p. 198. ISBN 0-253-33603-1. https://archive.org/details/blackwomenscient00warr/page/198. 
  67. ↑ "Who's Afraid of the Queen of DevRel?: Angie Jones of Block". March 7, 2023. https://thenewstack.io/whos-afraid-of-the-queen-of-devrel-angie-jones-of-block/. 
  68. ↑ "100 Moments: "747" Lights Up the Skies". tsutigers.com. August 24, 2012. http://www.tsutigers.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=19600&ATCLID=205668059. 
  69. ↑ "Brent Alexander". databaseFootball.com. http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=ALEXABRE01. 
  70. ↑ "Bennie Anderson". databaseFootball.com. http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=ANDERBEN01. 
  71. ↑ "TSUs Dick Barnett and John McLen". Ibcsports.com. November 18, 2007. http://www.ibcsports.com/basketball/2006-07/tenn/tsus_dick_barnett_and_john_mclen.htm. 
  72. ↑ "Ralph Boston". Notable Names Data Base. http://www.nndb.com/people/973/000166475/. 
  73. ↑ "SAM BOWERS". profootballarchives.com. http://www.profootballarchives.com/bowe01000.html. 
  74. ↑ "Waymond Bryant". databaseFootball.com. http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=BRYANWAY01. 
  75. ↑ "David Glenn Davis". databaseFootball.com. http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=DAVISDAV01. 
  76. ↑ "Richard Dent". databaseFootball.com. http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=DENTRIC01. 
  77. ↑ "Lamar Divens". databaseFootball.com. http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=DivenLam01. 
  78. ↑ "Cleveland Elam". databaseFootball.com. http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=ELAMCLE01. 
  79. ↑ "Charley Ferguson". Pro-Football Reference.com. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FergCh00.htm. 
  80. ↑ "Ryan Fann". Amputee Blade Runners.. http://amputeebladerunners.com/?page_id=97. 
  81. ↑ "Sean Foley". TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY. http://www.tsutigers.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=19600&ATCLID=205003827. 
  82. ↑ "Randy Fuller". NFL Enterprises LLC.. http://www.nfl.com/player/randyfuller/2500728/profile. 
  83. ↑ "Rogers Gaines". NFL Enterprises LLC.. http://www.nfl.com/player/rogersgaines/2539318/profile. 
  84. ↑ "Joe Gilliam". 3 Sports Reference LLC. All rights reserved.. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/G/GillJo00.htm. 
  85. ↑ Template:College Football HoF
  86. ↑ "W. C. Gorden". The Black College Football Museum. http://theblackcollegefootballmuseum.org/gorden.html. 
  87. ↑ "Mike Hegman". NFL Enterprises LLC.. http://www.nfl.com/player/mikehegman/2516251/profile. 
  88. ↑ "Jarrick Hillery". arenafan.com. http://www.arenafan.com/players/Jarrick_Hillery-2461/. 
  89. ↑ "Claude Humphrey". Pro-Football Reference.com. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HumpCl00.htm. 
  90. ↑ "Ed Jones". Sports Reference LLC. All rights reserved.. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/J/JoneEd00.htm. 
  91. ↑ "Joe Jones". Sports Reference LLC. All rights reserved.. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/J/JoneJo21.htm. 
  92. ↑ "Larry Kinnebrew". Sports Reference LLC. All rights reserved.. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/K/KinnLa00.htm. 
  93. ↑ "Anthony Levine". NFL Enterprises LLC.. http://www.nfl.com/player/anthonylevine/2508004/profile. 
  94. ↑ "Madeline Manning". 2001-2013 USA Track & Field, Inc.. http://www.usatf.org/HallOfFame/TF/showBio.asp?HOFIDs=100. 
  95. ↑ "Anthony Mason". 2003 NBA Media Ventures, LLC.. http://www.nba.com/playerfile/anthony_mason/index.html. 
  96. ↑ "Edith McGuire". the Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-916. 
  97. ↑ "Steve Moore". 2000-2013 Sports Reference LLC.. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MoorSt20.htm. 
  98. ↑ "Lloyd Neal". 2013 NBA Media Ventures, LLC. http://www.nba.com/blazers/history/Learn_More_About_Lloyd_Neal-64032-41.html. 
  99. ↑ "Former TSU player Robert Porcher selected for Black College Football Hall of Fame". The Tennessean.com. https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/2016/10/26/tennessee-state-robert-porcher-black-college-football-hall-of-fame/92781518/. 
  100. ↑ "NFL Players". tnstate.edu. http://www.tnstate.edu/library/digitalresources/centennial/History/nfl.aspx. 
  101. ↑ "Truck Robinson". 2000-2013 Sports Reference LLC.. https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/r/robintr01.html. 
  102. ↑ "Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie". 2013 Philadelphia Eagles.. http://www.philadelphiaeagles.com/team/roster/Dominique-Rodgers-Cromartie/4bc99d4a-aeb9-4889-8b39-3544d3f7bf11. 
  103. ↑ "Carlos Rogers". Basketball-Reference.com. https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/r/rogerca01.html. 
  104. ↑ Ashley, Dwayne; Williams, Juan; Ingrum, Adrienne (2009). I'll find a way or make one: a tribute to historically Black colleges and universities. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-197693-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=j3Ka2ESxQyQC&pg=PA407. Retrieved November 16, 2010. 
  105. ↑ "Simon Shanks". 2000-2013 Sports Reference LLC.. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/ShanSi20.htm. 
  106. ↑ "Nate Simpson". 2000-2013 Sports Reference LLC.. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SimpNa20.htm. 
  107. ↑ "Ahmaad Smith". gocatawbaindians.com. http://gocatawbaindians.com/profile.asp?playerID=2159. 
  108. ↑ "Ollie Smith". 2000-2013 Sports Reference LLC.. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SmitOl00.htm. 
  109. ↑ "Larry Tharpe". databaseFootball.com. http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=THARPLAR01. 
  110. ↑ "Wyomia Tyus". Notable Names Data Base. http://www.nndb.com/people/533/000167032/. 
  111. ↑ "Charlie Wade". Pro-Football-Reference.com. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/W/WadeCh00.htm. 
  112. ↑ "Carl Wafer". NFL Enterprises LLc. http://www.nfl.com/player/carlwafer/2528042/gamelogs. 
  113. ↑ Litsky, Frank (February 7, 2007). "Willye B. White, the First 5-Time U.S. Track Olympian, Dies at 67". https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/07/sports/othersports/07white.html. 
  114. ↑ "Kansas City Chiefs: Javarris Williams". NFL.com. http://www.kcchiefs.com/team/roster/javarris-williams/cb9e8ecf-c711-4a03-864f-2b4e3dba5e2f/. 

Further reading

  • Lovett, Bobby L. A Touch of Greatness: A History of Tennessee State University (Mercer University Press, 2012) 340 pp.

External links



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