Philosophy:Historical determinism
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Historical determinism is the belief that events in history are entirely determined or constrained by various prior forces and, therefore, in a certain sense, inevitable. It is philosophical view of determinism applied to the process or direction by which history unfolds. Historical determinism places the cause of the event behind it.
The concept of Determinism appeared in the 19th century. The main idea is that certain factors determine the existence of humans and therefore limit the scope of their free will. In history, this is an approach that holds that history is intrinsically meaningful. Used as a pejorative, it is normally meant to designate a rigid finalist or mechanist conception of historical unfolding that makes the future appear as an inevitable and predetermined result of the past.
Development
Hegel
In 1822, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Lectures on the Philosophy of History were published posthumously. In this text, Hegel establishes the idea that history is guided and, therefore, determined by reason.
Marx, Engels, and historical materialism
The dialectical method of the movement of history (Historical materialism) is a triad of Thesis-antithesis-synthesis whereby each movement (thesis) gives rise to its contradiction (antithesis) and through the dialectic, a synthesis is reached. According to Marx and Engels, original primitive communism was succeeded by the antithesis of private ownership of the means of production, from which the class struggle and the entire history of the economy and society derives. This antithesis will finally give way to the synthesis of a classless society. Rational knowledge, by dominating the entire process, makes it possible to finally resolve social contradictions.
See also
- Determinism
- Dialectical materialism
- Economic determinism
- Free will
- Geographic determinism
- Hegelianism
- Historical Materialism
- Marxism
- Myth of progress
- Technological determinism
Bibliography
- Adcock, Robert (2007). "Who's Afraid of Determinism? The Ambivalence of Macro-Historical Inquiry". Journal of the Philosophy of History 1 (3): 346–364. doi:10.1163/187226307X229407.
- Banerjee, Abhijit V.; Duflo, Esther (2014). "Under the Thumb of History? Political institutions and the Scope for Action". Annual Review of Economics 6 (1): 951–971. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080213-041110. ISSN 1941-1391. http://www.nber.org/papers/w19848.pdf.
- Brites Pereira, Luis; Luiz, John Manuel (2019). "Institutional drivers, historical determinism, and economic development in Mozambique". International Journal of Emerging Markets 15 (4): 767–789. doi:10.1108/ijoem-01-2019-0024. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/86931/2/2Revised-Paper-IJOEM%20SRO.pdf.
- Dray, William H. (1993). "Historical Determinism". Philosophy of History. Prentice Hall. pp. 114–140. ISBN 0-13-012816-3. https://archive.org/details/philosophyofhist0000dray/.
- Gurpegui, José Antonio (2018). "Historical Determinism in the 1812 Constitutions of the United States and Spain". Complutense Journal of English Studies 26: 9–25. doi:10.5209/cjes.62380. ISSN 2386-3935.
- Grünbaum, Adolf (1956). "Historical Determinism, Social Activism, and Predictions in the Social Sciences". British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 7 (27): 236–240. doi:10.1093/bjps/VII.27.236. ISSN 1464-3537.
- Hook, Sidney (27 January 1955). "Historical Determinism and Political Fiat in Soviet Communism". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 99 (1): 1–10. ISSN 0003-049X.
- Hunt, Ronald J. (1985). "Marxism's Unseen Hand: Friedrich Engels & the Rise of Historical Determinism". Polity 18 (2): 340–349. doi:10.2307/3234954.
- Martin, Ruhr (1995). "Cohen versus Gouldner: historical materialism as a determinism". South African Journal of Sociology 26 (1): 26–34. doi:10.1080/02580144.1995.10431711.
- Misztal, Barbara; Freundlieb, Dieter (August 2003). "The Curious Historical Determinism of Randall Collins". European Journal of Sociology 44 (2): 247–269. doi:10.1017/S0003975603001267.
- Nagel, Ernest (March 1960). "Determinism in History". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 20 (3): 291–317. doi:10.2307/2105051. ISSN 1933-1592.
External links
- Philo (22 August 2022). "Historical determinism". https://ismbook.com/ism-list/#historical-determinism.
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