Philosophy:Modernist film

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Short description: Film genre

Modernist film is related to the art and philosophy of modernism as early modernist film came to maturity in the era between World War I and World War II, with characteristics such as montage and symbolic imagery, manifesting itself in genres as diverse as expressionism and surrealism (as featured in the works of Fritz Lang and Luis Buñuel)[1] while postmodernist film – similar to postmodernism as a whole – is a reaction to modernist works, and to their tendencies (such as nostalgia and angst).[2]

Aesthetics

Modernist cinema has been said to have "explored and exposed the formal concerns of the medium by placing them at the forefront of consciousness."[3] The auteur theory and idea of an author creating a work from their singular vision became a central characteristic of modernist filmmaking. It has been said that "To investigate the transparency of the image is modernist but to undermine its reference to reality is to engage with the aesthetics of postmodernism."[4][5] The modernist film has more faith in the author, the individual, and the accessibility of reality itself (and generally has a more sincere tone[6]) than the postmodernist film.

It also attempts to enlarge the film vocabulary against Hollywood's escapist entertainment and it's reliance on narrative trappings which dominates the medium.[7]

List of notable modernist films

20th century

  • Fantômas: The Dead Man Who Killed (1913)[8]
  • Cabiria (1914)[9]
  • Les Vampires (1915-1916)[8]
  • Intolerance (1916)[9][8]
  • Deviy Gory (1918)[10]
  • The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)[11]
  • Manhatta (1921)[12]
  • Rhythmus 21 (1921)[13]
  • Nosferatu (1922) [14]
  • Nanook of the North (1922) [15]
  • Dr. Mabuse the Gambler (1922)[8]
  • Ballet Mécanique (1923)
  • La Roue (1923)[8]
  • The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr. West in the Land of the Bolsheviks (1924)[16]
  • The Last Laugh (1924)
  • Sherlock Jr. (1924)
  • Symphonie Diagonale (1924)[13]
  • Battleship Potemkin (1925)[17][8]
  • Mother (1926)[18]
  • Faust (1926)[19]
  • A Sixth Part of the World (1926)[8]
  • The General (1926)[8]
  • The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926) [20]
  • The Lodger (1927)
  • Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927)[21]
  • Metropolis (1927)[22]
  • Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis (1927)[23]
  • Napoleon (1927)[8]
  • Zvenigora (1928)[24]
  • The Crowd (1928)[21]
  • Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928)
  • The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928)
  • The Fall of the House of Usher (1928)
  • October: Ten Days That Shook the World (1928)[8]
  • The Cameraman (1928)[8]
  • Un Chien Andalou (1929)[25]
  • Man with a Movie Camera (1929)[8]
  • Blackmail (1929)[26]
  • Arsenal (1929)[8]
  • Earth (1930)[27]
  • L'Age d'Or (1930)[28]
  • Frankenstein (1931)
  • Dracula (1931)
  • M (1931)[29][8]
  • Tabu: A Story of the South Seas (1931)[8]
  • Two Happy Hearts (1932)[30]
  • The Blood of a Poet (1932)[8]
  • The Testament of Dr. Mabuse (1933)[29]
  • Zero for Conduct (1933)[8]
  • Land Without Bread (1933)[8]
  • The Tale of Tsar Durondai (1934)[31][32]
  • It Happened One Night (1934) [33]
  • A Story of Floating Weeds (1934)
  • Coal Face (1935)[34]
  • Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936)[33]
  • Modern Times (1936)[8]
  • The Life of Emile Zola (1937)
  • Daffy Duck and Egghead (1938)
  • Olympia (1938)
  • You Can’t Take It With You (1938)[33]
  • La vuelta al nido (1938)[35][36]
  • Thugs with Dirty Mugs (1939)
  • Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)[33]
  • Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939)
  • Stagecoach (1939)
  • Rebecca (1940)
  • Fantasia (1940)[37]
  • The Great Dictator (1940)[8]
  • The Heckling Hare (1941)
  • Citizen Kane (1941)[8]
  • The Maltese Falcon (1941)
  • Cat People (1942)
  • The Dover Boys at Pimento University (1942)[32][31]
  • Meshes of the Afternoon (1943)
  • Who Killed Who (1943)
  • Screwball Squirrel (1944)
  • Double Indemnity (1944)
  • Hell-Bent for Election (1944)[32]
  • Rome, Open City (1945)
  • Leave Her to Heaven (1945)
  • Detour (1945)
  • Gilda (1946)
  • A Matter of Life and Death (1946)
  • It's a Wonderful Life (1946)[33]
  • Lonesome Lenny (1946)
  • The Killers (1946)
  • Out of the Past (1947)
  • The Lady from Shanghai (1947)[8]
  • Monsieur Verdoux (1947)[8]
  • Spring in a Small Town (1948)[38]
  • Bicycle Thieves (1948)
  • The Naked City (1948)
  • The Boy with Green Hair (1948)
  • Ragtime Bear (1949)[39]
  • The Third Man (1949)
  • Gerald McBoing-Boing (1950)
  • The Asphalt Jungle (1950)
  • Sunset Boulevard (1950)[8]
  • Rashomon (1950)[8]
  • Orpheus (1950)[8]
  • Los Olvidados (1950)[8]
  • Rooty Toot Toot (1951)[39]
  • Symphony in Slang (1951)[40]
  • Miracle in Milan (1951)[8]
  • Son of Paleface (1952)
  • Singin' in the Rain (1952)
  • Magical Maestro (1952)
  • High Noon (1952)
  • Limelight (1952)[8]
  • Duck Amuck (1953)
  • The Moon is Blue (1953)[41]
  • The Tell-Tale Heart (1953)[39]
  • Les vacances de Monsieur Hulot (1953)[8]
  • Glen or Glenda (1953)[42]
  • La Strada (1954)[8]
  • A Star is Born (1954)[41]
  • Voyage to Italy (1954)[8]
  • Magnificent Obsession (1954)
  • Rear Window (1954)[8]
  • Jail Bait (1954)[42]
  • La Pointe Courte (1955)[43]
  • Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
  • Artists and Models (1955)[8]
  • All That Heaven Allows (1955)
  • The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959)
  • Kiss Me Deadly (1955)[8]
  • Bride of the Monster (1955)[42]
  • Mr. Arkadin (1955)[8]
  • The Girl Can't Help It (1956)[8]
  • The Jaywalker (1956)
  • The Man in the Grey Flannel Suit (1956)[44][41]
  • The Killing (1956)[8]
  • La cravate (1957)[45]
  • On the Bowery (1957)[7]
  • Wild Strawberries (1957)
  • Desk Set (1957)[41]
  • N.Y., N.Y. (1957)
  • Flebus (1957)[39]
  • Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1957)[8]
  • Glimpse of the Garden (1957)[7]
  • The Cranes Are Flying (1957)[46]
  • The Seventh Seal (1957)[8]
  • What's Opera, Doc? (1957)[40]
  • Lettre de Sibérie (1957)[8]
  • Plan 9 from Outer Space (1957)[42]
  • Vertigo (1958)[8][41]
  • Bell, Book and Candle (1958)[41]
  • Ashes and Diamonds (1958)[47]
  • Shadows (1958)[8]
  • Murder by Contract (1958)[8]
  • Touch of Evil (1958)[8]
  • Mon Oncle (1958)[48]
  • Hiroshima mon amour (1959)[8]
  • The 400 Blows (1959)[8]
  • Night of the Ghouls (1959)[42]
  • North by Northwest (1959)[44][8]
  • Pillow Talk (1959)[41]
  • The Best of Everything (1959)[44][41]
  • Pickpocket (1959)[8]
  • Peeping Tom (1960)[8]
  • L'Avventura (1960)[26][8]
  • La dolce vita (1960)[8]
  • Breathless (1960)[8]
  • Ocean's 11 (1960)[41]
  • The Sinister Urge (1960)[42]
  • Psycho (1960)[8]
  • Shoot the Piano Player (1960)[8]
  • Eyes Without a Face (1960)[8]
  • Night and Fog in Japan (1960)[8]
  • The Ladies Man (1961)[8]
  • Lover Come Back (1961)[41]
  • The Connection (1961)[7]
  • The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1961)
  • Last Year at Marienbad (1961)
  • West Side Story (1961)[49]
  • One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)[50][51]
  • Allures (1961)
  • La Notte (1961)
  • Surogat (1961)
  • The Errand Boy (1961)[8]
  • Paris Belongs to Us (1961)[8]
  • Big Troubles (1961)[31]
  • Boys' Night Out (1962)[41]
  • Cleo from 5 to 7 (1962)[52]
  • Gay Purr-ee (1962)
  • Now Hear This (1962)
  • Experiment in Terror (1962)
  • Two Weeks in Another Town (1962)
  • La Jetee (1962)[53]
  • Ivan's Childhood (1962)[8]
  • Vivre sa Vie (1962)[8]
  • L'Eclisse (1962)[8]
  • Salvatore Giuliano (1962)[8]
  • The Trial (1962)[8]
  • The Exterminating Angel (1962)[8]
  • The Story of a Crime (1962)[31]
  • The Critic (1963)[54]
  • 8½ (1963)[8]
  • Shock Corridor (1963)[8]
  • The Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon (1963)[55]
  • The Servant (1963)
  • High and Low (1963)[8]
  • Le Joli Mai (1963)[8]
  • Muriel (1963)[8]
  • Le Mépris (1963)[56]
  • Dr. Strangelove (1964)[8]
  • Bande à part (1964)[57]
  • Marnie (1964)[8]
  • Mass for the Dakota Sioux (1964)
  • Tale About the Lost Time (1964)[58]
  • Red Desert (1964)[59][8]
  • The Patsy (1964)[8]
  • Before the Revolution (1964)[8]
  • Pale Flower (1964)[60]
  • I am Cuba (1964)[61]
  • Time Piece (1965)[62][63]
  • Pierrot le Fou (1965)[8]
  • The Hand (1965)
  • Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1965)[64]
  • Give Me a Book of Complaints (1965)[58]
  • Juliet of the Spirits (1965)[8]
  • Andrei Rublev (1966)[65]
  • Breakaway (1966)
  • Persona (1966)[8]
  • Wings (1966)[66]
  • The Pop Show (1966)
  • Blowup (1966)[59][8]
  • Seconds (1966)[41]
  • Au hasard Balthazar (1966)[8]
  • Daisies (1966)[8]
  • The Shooting (1966)[8]
  • Made in U.S.A. (1966) [8]
  • Tokyo Drifter (1966) [8]
  • Masculin Feminin (1966) [8]
  • Violence at Noon (1966) [8]
  • Weekend (1967)[8]
  • Portrait of Jason (1967)[7]
  • Le Samouraï (1967)[67]
  • Brief Encounters (1967)[66][68]
  • Playtime (1967)[8]
  • Accident (1967)
  • Report (1967)
  • Point Blank (1967)[69][8]
  • Love Affair, or the Case of the Missing Switchboard Operator (1967)[8]
  • Branded to Kill (1967)[8]
  • Le Départ (1967)[8]
  • Chimes at Midnight (1967)[8]
  • Two or Three Things I Know About Her (1967)[8]
  • In Like Flint (1967)[41]
  • Mouchette (1967)[8]
  • Belle de Jour (1967)[8]
  • The Big Mouth (1967)[8]
  • La Collectionneuse (1967)[8]
  • Teorema (1968)[8]
  • Symbiopsychotaxiplasm: Take One (1968)
  • Black Panthers (1968)
  • Medium Cool (1968)
  • Monterey Pop (1968)[70]
  • 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)[8]
  • God Respects Us When We Work, But Loves Us When We Dance (1968)
  • The Glass Harmonica (1968)[71]
  • Death by Hanging (1968)[8]
  • The Chronicle of Anna Magdalena Bach (1968)[8]
  • Faces (1968)[8]
  • If.... (1968)[8]
  • Petulia (1968)[8]
  • Je t'aime, je t'aime (1968)[8]
  • Horus, Prince of the Sun (1968)[31]
  • Funeral Parade of Roses (1969)
  • In the Year of the Pig (1969)
  • My Name Is Oona (1969)
  • Lemon (1969)[72]
  • The Color of Pomegranates (1969)
  • Easy Rider (1969)[73]
  • L'Amour fou (1969)[8]
  • The Passion of Anna (1969)[8]
  • The Milky Way (1969)[8]
  • Eros + Massacre (1969)[8]
  • Love Is Colder Than Death (1969)[8]
  • My Night at Maud’s (1969)[8]
  • Zabriskie Point (1970)[8][56]
  • Gimme Shelter (1970)
  • Performance (1970)[8]
  • The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (1970)[8]
  • The Man Who Left His Will on Film (1970)[8]
  • Claire's Knee (1970)[8]
  • The Murder of Fred Hampton (1971)
  • Walkabout (1971)[8]
  • W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism (1971)[8]
  • The Long Farewell (1971)[68]
  • Punishment Park (1971)
  • Two-Lane Blacktop (1971)[8]
  • Death in Venice (1971)[26]
  • Beware of a Holy Whore (1971)[8]
  • A Clockwork Orange (1971)[56]
  • Two-Lane Blacktop (1972)[8]
  • Solaris (1972)[8]
  • Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972)[8]
  • The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (1972)[8]
  • Cries and Whispers (1972)[8]
  • Love in the Afternoon (1972)[8]
  • Belladonna of Sadness (1973)[74]
  • Day for Night (1973)
  • The Holy Mountain (1973)
  • Mean Streets (1973)[8]
  • Fantastic Planet (1973)[75]
  • The Mother and the Whore (1973)[8]
  • Apple in the River (1974)
  • A Woman Under the Influence (1974)[8]
  • The Diary (1974)
  • Steppenwolf (1974)[76]
  • Céline and Julie Go Boating (1974)[8]
  • Alice in the Cities (1974)[8]
  • Cockfighter (1974)[8]
  • Lancelot du Lac (1974)[8]
  • Ali: Fear Eats the Soul (1974)[8]
  • Himiko (1974)[60]
  • The Irony of Fate (1975)[77]
  • Afonya (1975)[58]
  • Arabesque (1975)
  • Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975)
  • F for Fake (1975)[78][8]
  • Mirror (1975)[79][8]
  • Mr. Klein (1976)
  • The Killing of a Chinese Bookie (1976)[8]
  • That Obscure Object of Desire (1977)[8]
  • Opening Night (1977)[8]
  • Getting to Know the Big, Wide World (1978)[68]
  • Stalker (1979) [8]
  • Tale of Tales (1979)
  • Bubble Bath (1979)[80][81]
  • Apocalypse Now (1979)[82]
  • Dead Mountaineer's Hotel (1979)
  • Personal Problems (1980)[83]
  • Son of the White Mare (1981)[84]
  • Hatsu Yume (First Dream) (1981)[83]
  • Fitzcarraldo (1982)[85]
  • Into the Cellar (1983)[86]
  • Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984)[87]
  • My Beautiful Laundrette (1985)[88]
  • The Decline of the American Empire (1986)[8]
  • Mona Lisa (1986)[88]
  • Prick Up Your Ears (1987)[88]
  • High Hopes (1988)[88]
  • Creature Comforts (1989)[88]
  • Jesus of Montreal (1989)[8]
  • Mind's Eye (1990)[83]
  • The Adjuster (1991)[8]
  • Happy Days (1991)[89]
  • The Lawnmower Man (1992)[83]
  • Blue (1993)[88]
  • Calendar (1993)[8]
  • The Castle (1994)[89]
  • The White Balloon (1995)[90]
  • Breaking the Waves (1996) [91]
  • The Mirror (1997)[90]
  • Level Five (1997)[83]
  • The Secret Aesthetics of the Martian Spies (1997)[83]
  • Princess Mononoke (1997)[87]
  • The Ice Storm (1997)[56]
  • Khrustalyov, My Car! (1998)[92]
  • Dzenboxing (1998)[83]
  • Julien Donkey-Boy (1999)[83]

21st century

  • The Circle (2000)[90]
  • Timecode (2000)[83]
  • A.I.: Artificial Intelligence (2001)[93]
  • Vidocq (2001)[83]
  • All About Lily Chou-Chou (2001)[83]
  • Elegy of a Voyage (2001)[83]
  • Hotel (2002)[83]
  • Ten (2002)[94]
  • Russian Ark (2002)[83]
  • Star Wars: Attack of the Clones (2002)[83]
  • Corpus Callosum (2002)[83]
  • Cremaster 3 (2002)[83]
  • Destino (2003)[95]
  • Party Monster (2003)[83]
  • Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (2003)[83]
  • Crimson Gold (2003)[90]
  • Casshern (2004)[83]
  • Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004)[83]
  • Hana and Alice (2004)[83]
  • Kamikaze girls (2004)[83]
  • Sin City (2005)[83]
  • Inland Empire (2006)[83]
  • Miami Vice (2006)[83]
  • Offside (2006)[90]
  • Ultraviolet (2006)[83]
  • 300 (2006)[83]
  • Memories of Matsuko (2006)[83]
  • The Tracey Fragments (2007)[83]
  • Slipstream (2007)[83]
  • Speed Racer (2008)[83]
  • The Spirit (2008)[83]
  • Love Exposure (2008)[83]
  • Antichrist (2009)[83]
  • Valhalla Rising (2009)[83]
  • Tetsuo: The Bullet Man (2009)[83]
  • I Am Love (2009)[56]
  • Film Socialisme (2010)[83]
  • A Stoker (2010)[89]
  • Twixt (2011)[83]
  • Melancholia (2011)[83]
  • Holy Motors (2012)[83]
  • Life of Pi (2012)[83]
  • Leviathan (2012)[83]
  • The Rambler (2012)[83]
  • Resident Evil: Retribution (2012)[83]
  • The Hobbit (2012-2014)[83]
  • Me Too (2012)[89]
  • Exhibition (2013)[56]
  • The Great Gatsby (2013)[83]
  • Hard to Be a God (2013)[96]
  • Real (2013)[83]
  • Jenny Center (2013)[83]
  • The Wind Rises (2013)[97]
  • Goodbye to Language (2014)[83]
  • Hyperlinks or It Didn’t Happen (2014)[83]
  • The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014)[98]
  • Tangerine (2015)[83]
  • Frankofonia (2015)[83]
  • Blackhat (2015)[83]
  • Journey to the Shore (2015)[83]
  • The Walk (2015)[83]
  • Despite the Night (2015)[83]
  • Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk (2016)[83]
  • Shin Godzilla (2016)[83]
  • The Dead Nation (2017)[99]
  • 24 Frames (2017)[100]
  • Let the Summer Never Come Again (2017)[83]
  • Hanagatami (2017)[83]
  • Twin Peaks: The Return (2017)[83]
  • Columbus (2017)[101][56]
  • I Do Not Care If We Go Down in History as Barbarians (2018)[102]
  • The Image Book (2018)[83]
  • Killing (2018)[83]
  • Unsane (2018)[83]
  • Gemini Man (2019)[83]
  • Family Romance, LLC (2019)[83]
  • Labyrinth of Cinema (2019)[83]
  • Polar (2019)[83]
  • Desire Path (2020)[83]
  • The Five Rules of Success (2021)[83]
  • Minor Daemon, Vol. 1 (2021)[83]
  • Zeros and Ones (2021)[83]
  • Dune (2021)[103]
  • Hinterland (2021)[83]
  • The Green Knight (2022)[83]
  • The People's Joker (2022)[83]
  • Fairytale (2022)[83]
  • Shin Ultraman (2022)[83]
  • Counterfeit Poast (2022)[83]
  • The Outwaters (2022)[83]
  • Aggro Dr1ft (2023)[83]
  • The Human Surge 3 (2023)[83]
  • Megalopolis (2024)[83]
  • Baby Invasion (2024)[83]
  • The Code (2024)[83]
  • 28 Years Later (2025)[83]

List of notable modernist filmmakers

Sources:[112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130]

[131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][62][63][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193]

[194][70][195][196][197][198][199][200] [201][202][203][204][78][205][206][31][80][81][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][55][84][88][8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Trent, Ann. "Characteristics of a Modernist Film" (in en). https://ourpastimes.com/characteristics-of-a-modernist-film-12545688.html. 
  2. ↑ Betz, Mark (2009) (in en). Beyond the Subtitle: Remapping European Art Cinema. U of Minnesota Press. pp. 34. ISBN 978-0-8166-4035-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=jC2bowwzBjEC. 
  3. ↑ Woods, Tim (1999) (in en). Beginning Postmodernism. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5210-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZI_WAAAAMAAJ. 
  4. ↑ Dragan Milovanovic (15 March 2009). "Dueling Paradigms: Modernist v. Postmodern Thought". American Society of Criminology. http://critcrim.org/critpapers/milovanovic_postmod.htm. 
  5. ↑ "Reading the Postmodern Image: A Cognitive Mapping," Screen: 31, 4 (Winter 1990) by Tony Wilson
  6. ↑ Olsen, Cameron (2021-09-11). "The Case for Douglas Sirk as the First Postmodern Filmmaker" (in en). https://collider.com/postmodern-filmmaker-douglas-sirk/. 
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 The Modernist World – Google Books (ch."Cinema Modernisms in Canada and the United States")
  8. ↑ 8.000 8.001 8.002 8.003 8.004 8.005 8.006 8.007 8.008 8.009 8.010 8.011 8.012 8.013 8.014 8.015 8.016 8.017 8.018 8.019 8.020 8.021 8.022 8.023 8.024 8.025 8.026 8.027 8.028 8.029 8.030 8.031 8.032 8.033 8.034 8.035 8.036 8.037 8.038 8.039 8.040 8.041 8.042 8.043 8.044 8.045 8.046 8.047 8.048 8.049 8.050 8.051 8.052 8.053 8.054 8.055 8.056 8.057 8.058 8.059 8.060 8.061 8.062 8.063 8.064 8.065 8.066 8.067 8.068 8.069 8.070 8.071 8.072 8.073 8.074 8.075 8.076 8.077 8.078 8.079 8.080 8.081 8.082 8.083 8.084 8.085 8.086 8.087 8.088 8.089 8.090 8.091 8.092 8.093 8.094 8.095 8.096 8.097 8.098 8.099 8.100 8.101 8.102 8.103 8.104 8.105 8.106 8.107 8.108 8.109 8.110 8.111 8.112 8.113 8.114 8.115 8.116 8.117 8.118 8.119 8.120 8.121 8.122 8.123 8.124 8.125 8.126 8.127 8.128 8.129 8.130 8.131 8.132 8.133 8.134 8.135 8.136 8.137 8.138 8.139 8.140 8.141 8.142 8.143 8.144 8.145 8.146 Modernism by Cody Lang · Letterboxd
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 A Modernist Cinema: Film Art from 1914 to 1941. Oxford University Press. 2021. pp. 14–15. ISBN 9780199379453. 
  10. ↑ Энциклопедия авангардного кино
  11. ↑ "The Screen". The New York Times: p. 5. 4 April 1921. 
  12. ↑ Juan A. Suarez (2002). "City Space, Technology, Popular Culture: the Modernism of Paul Strand and Charles Sheeler's Manhatta". Journal of American Studies 36: 85–106. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Film and Early Modernism – Artforum
  14. ↑ The vampire who created the modern world
  15. ↑ Films for Class: Nanook of the North
  16. ↑ Humor as Parody, Eccentrism, and Satire in Soviet Film after World War I
  17. ↑ Graig Uhlin (2019). Modernism and Food Studies: Politics, Aesthetics, and the Avant-Garde. University Press of Florida. pp. 213–214. ISBN 9780813052496. 
  18. ↑ Review : Vsevolod Pudovkin: Selected Essays
  19. ↑ Руководство для кинорежиссёра: "Фауст" (1926)|Geeks - Vocal Media
  20. ↑ The Adventures of Prince Achmed
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 A Modernist Cinema: Film Art from 1914 to 1941. Oxford University Press. 2021. pp. 108–119. ISBN 9780199379453. 
  22. ↑ Minden, Michael; Bachmann, Holger (2002). Fritz Lang's Metropolis: Cinematic Visions of Technology and Fear. New York: Camden House. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-57113-146-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=oyOO_HNw0KQC. 
  23. ↑ Film and Literary Modernism. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2013. p. 21. ISBN 9781443866446. 
  24. ↑ Zvenyhora (1928): Ethnographic Modernism
  25. ↑ Catherine Driscoll (2010). Modernist Cultural Studies. University Press of Florida. p. 22. ISBN 9780813043203. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Four films: crossing the boundaries of modernism and postmodernism
  27. ↑ Philosophy, Iconology, Collectivization: Earth
  28. ↑ Bernard Smith (1998). Modernism's History. NewSouth Publishing. p. 141. ISBN 9780868407449. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 The great secret: Silence, cinema and modernism
  30. ↑ Marcia Landy (2008). Stardom, Italian style : screen performance and personality in Italian cinema. Indiana University Press. p. 47. ISBN 9780253351081. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 'And Walt Went Crazy' - Animation Obsessive
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 What Inspired UPA
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 The Modernism of Frank Capra and European Ethical Thought
  34. ↑ (PDF) Alberto Cavalcanti: Experimental Realism in Coal Face
  35. ↑ Barnard, Timothy (1996). "La vuelta al nido". in Barnard, Timothy; Rist, Peter H.. South American Cinema: A Critical Filmography, 1915–1994. New York: Garland Publishing. pp. 13–14. 
  36. ↑ Di Núbila, Domingo (1998) (in es). La época de oro. Historia del cine argentino I. Buenos Aires: Ediciones del Jilguero. p. 196. ISBN 978-987-957-865-0. 
  37. ↑ “Fantasia”: A Modern Approach to a Timeless Film
  38. ↑ Spring in a Small Town review – powerful, exquisite drama
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 What is Your favorite "Mid Century" Designed Cartoon Short or Series?|Cartoon Research
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 BOMB Magazine|Amid Amidi's Cartoon Modern: Style and Design in Fifties Animation
  41. ↑ 41.00 41.01 41.02 41.03 41.04 41.05 41.06 41.07 41.08 41.09 41.10 41.11 41.12 Bachelor Modern: Mid–Century Style in American Movies – National Building Miuseum
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.5 The World's Worst Director
  43. ↑ A ‘Feeling of Suspension’: Tradition and Modernity in La Pointe Courte
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 Midcentury Modernism in Film – Metropolis
  45. ↑ Videology 2
  46. ↑ Veronika fuses out: Rape and medium specificity in The Cranes are Flying
  47. ↑ Perilous Betweens: On Andrzej Wajda’s “Ashes and Diamonds” (1958)
  48. ↑ Mon Oncle: M. Hulot is puzzled by Modernism
  49. ↑ "West Side Story: 60 years as a cultural barometer". October 19, 2021. https://www.folger.edu/blogs/shakespeare-and-beyond/west-side-story-60-years-as-a-cultural-barometer/. 
  50. ↑ The Making and Impact of One Hundred and One Dalmatians|The Walt Disney Family Museum
  51. ↑ 2010 at the Arthouse: White Material and The Illusionist – The Long Take
  52. ↑ Cléo from 5 to 7 (1962)
  53. ↑ Modernism and Dystopia: Catherine Opie Interviewed
  54. ↑ Mel Brooks–Seriously! – Google Books (pg.105)
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Early Anime Features: Two 1960s Classics |". https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/early-anime-features-two-1960s-classics/. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 56.4 56.5 56.6 Modern house on film: 10 films featuring modernist homes
  57. ↑ Classic=Modern Godard's Bande à part, McTiernan's The Thomas Crown Affair and the Question of Cinematic Modernity, in : Shida Studies in Art History, vol.1, 2011, pp. 285-330
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Moscow Palace of Pioneers in the Cinema: A History Frozen in Time
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Modernism in Film – Inter Neorealist Antonioni and 'Blow Up'
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Shinoda: Modernizing Tradition
  61. ↑ I Am Cuba: The Filmmakers Who Came In from the Cold
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 MUBI Collection: BEING GREEN: JIM HENSON'S EARLY SHORTS|MUBI
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Designers in Context: Film, Advertising, and Modernism - The Visualist
  64. ↑ The fortress and the bard: visions of the Caucasus in Sergei Parajanov’s late films|Klassiki
  65. ↑ Screening Modernism - Cineaste Magazine
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Ways of Seeing On Kira – Muratova's "Brief Encounters" and Larisa Shepit'ko's "Wings"
  67. ↑ The Criterion Channel's February 2021 Lineup | Lineup | The Criterion Collection
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 Socialism in the Films of Kira Muratova
  69. ↑ Jim Jarmusch on the “All-Time Greatest L.A. Crime Film” - CRITERION on YouTube
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 Festival Express|BAMPFA
  71. ↑ Watch the Surrealist Glass Harmonica|International Times
  72. ↑ Hollis Frampton’s Collected Writings
  73. ↑ ‘Easy Rider’ at 56: A Revolutionary Road-Trip Film that Heralded a New Era of Filmmaking
  74. ↑ Sharp, Jasper (July 3, 2006). "Round-Up #22: Anime special". http://www.midnighteye.com/reviews/round-up_022.shtml. 
  75. ↑ ‘Fantastic Planet’ Review: Science Fiction Has Never Appeared As Radical, Nor Bleak
  76. ↑ Fabian, Jenny (April 21, 2000), "Jung hearts run free", The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/apr/21/4 .
  77. ↑ Cantilever City Brutalist Architecture in (Soviet) Cinema
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Why Do Movies Feel So Different Now? - Thomas Flight on YouTube
  79. ↑ ANDREI TARKOVSKY'S THE MIRROR (1975)|366 WEIRD MOVIES
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Hoad, Phil (2022-08-22). "Bubble Bath review – hallucinogenic animated musical is a work of 70s genius" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/aug/22/bubble-bath-review-hallucinogenic-animated-musical-is-a-work-of-70s-genius. 
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 "Habfürdő in the 2020-2021 Season of Classic Films Catalogue" (in en). 2020-11-17. https://www.gyorgykovasznai.com/post/habf%C3%BCrd%C5%91-in-the-2020-2021-season-of-classic-films-catalogue. 
  82. ↑ Project MUSE – Modernism and Vietnam: Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now
  83. ↑ 83.00 83.01 83.02 83.03 83.04 83.05 83.06 83.07 83.08 83.09 83.10 83.11 83.12 83.13 83.14 83.15 83.16 83.17 83.18 83.19 83.20 83.21 83.22 83.23 83.24 83.25 83.26 83.27 83.28 83.29 83.30 83.31 83.32 83.33 83.34 83.35 83.36 83.37 83.38 83.39 83.40 83.41 83.42 83.43 83.44 83.45 83.46 83.47 83.48 83.49 83.50 83.51 83.52 83.53 83.54 83.55 83.56 83.57 83.58 83.59 83.60 83.61 83.62 83.63 83.64 83.65 83.66 83.67 83.68 83.69 83.70 83.71 83.72 83.73 83.74 83.75 83.76 83.77 83.78 83.79 83.80 83.81 83.82 83.83 83.84 83.85 83.86 83.87 83.88 The Essential Digital Modernist Movies, a list by Nikita Lavretski · Letterboxd
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 CINE-FILE SELECTS: SON OF THE WHITE MARE – CINEFILE.info
  85. ↑ Fitzcarraldo| Eye Filmmuseum
  86. ↑ The imagination of touch: surrealist tactility in the films of Jan Švankmajer
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 (PDF) Anime and Modernism: Using Hayao Miyazaki’s Films as a Medium for Critiquing and Understanding Modernism’s Impact on the Environment
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 88.3 88.4 88.5 88.6 Modernism for the masses: the lost glories of Film on Four – Prospect Magazine
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 89.4 Антигерои Балабанова временами явно напоминают героев Кафки
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 90.4 Why Jafar Panahi’s Best Films Are Largely Unknown
  91. ↑ (PDF) Films into Uniform: Dogme 95 and the Last New Wave
  92. ↑ Khrustalyov, My Car! – Senses of Cinema
  93. ↑ No Substitute for the Soul: 25 years of Steven Spielberg’s emotional sci-fi A.I. Artificial Intelligence · Journal · Letterboxd
  94. ↑ "ten" (2002) - abbas kiarostami
  95. ↑ Immersed In Movies: Disney/Dali ‘Destino’ Art: Lost, Found and Reconstructed
  96. ↑ Hard To Be A God - Aleksei German and Modernism – Scout Tafoya on YouTube
  97. ↑ Разрушение разрушения. Постмодерн в работах Миядзаки
  98. ↑ Реванш модерна: Висконти в Зубровке
  99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 Mironescu, Andreea (2017). "In-Between Histories: Intermedial Configurations in Radu Jude's Collage Film "The Dead Nation"". Jazyk a kultúra 31-32: 103–111. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352330445_In-Between_Histories_Intermedial_Configurations_in_Radu_Jude%27s_Collage_Film_The_Dead_Nation. 
  100. ↑ Abbas Kiarostami and Nature: Part 1 — The Poetry of Landscape
  101. ↑ The Extraordinary Cinematic Ode to Modernism That You Need to See
  102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 Lazar, Veronica; Gorzo, Andrei (January 2019). "An updated political modernism: Radu Jude and "I Do Not Care If We Go Down in History as Barbarians"". Close Up: Film and Media Studies 3 (1-2): 7–19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338774756_An_updated_political_modernism_Radu_Jude_and_I_Do_Not_Care_If_We_Go_Down_in_History_as_Barbarians. 
  103. ↑ The Brutalist Architecture of Dune Rule-breaking Designs for the Future (PDF)
  104. ↑ Bleasdale, John (22 August 2025). "(Review) Dracula: It's hard to resist the irreverence of Radu Jude's overstuffed vampire parody". British Film Institute. https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/dracula-its-hard-resist-irreverence-radu-judes-overstuffed-vampire-parody. 
  105. ↑ Films by Zoltán Huszárik (1963-1979): life, death and one incredible box set
  106. ↑ Jennifer Lynde Barker (December 13, 2021). "Crafting Animation: Hermína Týrlová's Fuzzy Modernism". https://www.maifeminism.com/crafting-animation-hermina-tyrlova-fuzzy-modernism/. 
  107. ↑ Scret Museums: The Films of Arthur Lipsett – Google Books (ch."Introduction")
  108. ↑ Modernity and consumer culture in Visconti's early films
  109. ↑ Modernism as a Misnomer: Godard's Archeology of the Image
  110. ↑ The Palgrave Handbook of Experimental Cinema – Google Books (pg.524)
  111. ↑ A Rich Tapestry of Black Experience: Close–Up on Oscar Micheaux's WITHIN OUR GATES, a story by MUBI · Letterboxd
  112. ↑ Perry, Ted (2006). Masterpieces of Modernist Cinema. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253347718. https://books.google.com/books?id=6-EQ56vka6EC. 
  113. ↑ Modernism and Film - Cinema and Media Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
  114. ↑ Murphy, Richard (2007). "Modernism and the Cinema: Metropolis and the Expressionist Aesthetic". Comparative Critical Studies 4 (1): 105–120. doi:10.3366/ccs.2007.4.1.105. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/220110/pdf. 
  115. ↑ Vertigo - Cinema and Media Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
  116. ↑ "Modernism and Citizen Kane" by George R. Robinson - BMCC
  117. ↑ The Big Sleep: Cinema and Modernism > National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Korea
  118. ↑ German Cinema, 1920-1930 — Modernism Lab
  119. ↑ Kovács, András Bálint (2006). "Sartre, the Philosophy of Nothingness, and the Modern Melodrama". The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 64 (1): 135–145. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8529.2006.00235.x. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3700498. 
  120. ↑ Film Noir and the Spaces of Modernity —— Edward Dimendberg|Harvard University Press
  121. ↑ Cinema and modernism - The British Library
  122. ↑ The forgotten glamour and modernism of 1930s Italian cinema sets – Museum Crush
  123. ↑ Modernism, Montage, and Social Commentary in Early City Films — Indiana University Cinema
  124. ↑ Hollywood Modernism: Film and Politics in the Age of the New Deal
  125. ↑ How Chantal Akerman's modernist masterpiece changed cinema - BBC Culture
  126. ↑ Screening Modernism —— Cineaste Magazine
  127. ↑ Anthology Film Archives : Film Screenings
  128. ↑ American Stranger: Modernisms, Hollywood, and the Cinema of Nicholas Ray (Suny Series) (Paperback)|University Press Books/Berkeley
  129. ↑ Sirk/Fassbinder: Melodrama Mutations|White City Cinema
  130. ↑ Evans, Victoria L. (2017). Douglas Sirk, Aesthetic Modernism and the Culture of Modernity. ISBN 9781474409391. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1pwt8s4. 
  131. ↑ Battleship Potemkin makes us strong|World cinema|The Guardian
  132. ↑ American Stranger - Google Books
  133. ↑ Key avant-garde films from the roaring '20s :: September 2011 :: Cassone
  134. ↑ The sad and the beautiful : Val Lewton and Vincette Minnelli at the Stanford Theatre|The Stanford Daily
  135. ↑ Masterpieces of Modernist Cinema - Indiana University Press
  136. ↑ THE WORK OF IDA LUPINO EARNS SOME OVERDUE PRAISE - Chicago Tribune
  137. ↑ Table of Contents: Masterpieces of modernist cinema/ - Villanova University
  138. ↑ Modernity: A Film by Alfred Hitchcock — Senses of Cinema
  139. ↑ Established Modernism, 1962-1966 - Chicago Scholarship
  140. ↑ “ ‘Saved from the Blessings of Civilization’: Stagecoach, the West, and American Vernacular Modernism” - Michael Valdez Moses, Duke University
  141. ↑ Yasujiro Ozu: 10 essential films|BFI
  142. ↑ The Rashomon Effect|The Current|The Criterion Collection
  143. ↑ A Quickie Look at the Life & Career of Tex Avery - Bright Lights Film Journal
  144. ↑ Tex Avery: Arch-Radicalizer of the Hollywood Cartoon - Bright Lights Journal
  145. ↑ That's All, Folks - The Washington Post
  146. ↑ The 100 Most Influential Sequences in Animation History - Vulture
  147. ↑ The Cartoon Renegades - The New York Times
  148. ↑ Alternative Visions: Animation|BAMPFA
  149. ↑ Independent Spirits: Faith Hubley/John Hubley (2003) - Turner Classic Movies
  150. ↑ Wolfgram Evans, Noell K. (26 April 2011). Animators of Film and Television: Nineteen Artists, Writers, Producers and Others. McFarland. ISBN 9780786448326. https://books.google.com/books?id=MZYZDgAAQBAJ. 
  151. ↑ Amit Chaudhuri on Satyajit Ray's very Indian modernity: Not a 'beginning' as much as a 'fruition' - Scroll.in
  152. ↑ Cinema, Emergence, and the Films of Satyajit Ray - Google Books (pg.195)
  153. ↑ The Riddle of the Chicken: The Work of Norman McLaren — Senses of Cinema
  154. ↑ The world of Len Lye|Govett-Brewster Art Gallery|Len Lye Centre
  155. ↑ "Pretty Good for the 21st Century||Keep It Moving?
  156. ↑ Film and Literary Modernism - Google Books
  157. ↑ The Statues Still Stood: The Third Man and Third Spaces|Modernism / Modernity Print+
  158. ↑ The Development of a Modernist Narrative in Selected Film of Joseph Losey - CORE
  159. ↑ Black & White & Noir: America's Pulp Modernism on JSTOR
  160. ↑ Ten Great Movies for Placemakers —— Project for Public Spaces
  161. ↑ Rabinowitz, Paula (2002) (in en). Black & White & Noir: America's Pulp Modernism. Columbia University Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-231-11481-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=od7_WdOylyoC. 
  162. ↑ Hilliker, Lee (2002). "In the Modernist Mirror: Jacques Tati and the Parisian Landscape". The French Review 76 (2): 318–329. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3132711. 
  163. ↑ The Case for Douglas Sirk as the First Postmodern Filmmaker|Collider
  164. ↑ Carney, Raymond (28 January 1994). The Films of John Cassavetes: Pragmatism, Modernism, and the Movies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521388153. https://books.google.com/books?id=RRW9tkc7KyQC. 
  165. ↑ The Daring, Original, and Overlooked "Symbiopyschotaxiplasm: Take One"|The New Yorker
  166. ↑ Blake Edwards's 'The Great Race' and 'The Party' - The New York Times
  167. ↑ The Bitter Essence of Blake Edwards|Screening the Past
  168. ↑ Filmmuseum - Program SD
  169. ↑ Hard Clarity, Vaporous Ambiguity: The Fusion of Realism and Modernism in Antonioni's early 1960s Films - Senses of Cinema
  170. ↑ Modernist Master: Michelangelo Antonioni | BAMPFA
  171. ↑ "Mr. Klein" (in en). https://www.criterion.com/films/28112-mr-klein. 
  172. ↑ Mr. Klein | BAMPFA
  173. ↑ Pierrot Le Fou’s Discourse on the Infection of Americanism in Europe and the Absurdity of Modern Society|Culled Culture
  174. ↑ "All right: where am I?" "Looney Tunes" Animation as Modernist Performance on JSTOR
  175. ↑ John Cassavetes: The First Dogma Director? - Bright Lights Film Journal
  176. ↑ McElhaney, Joe (February 2012). The Death of Classical Cinema: Hitchcock, Lang, Minnelli. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791481110. https://books.google.com/books?id=yLXSg8ySA_sC. 
  177. ↑ Klein, Scott W.; Moses, Michael Valdez (2021) (in en). A Modernist Cinema: Film Art from 1914 to 1941. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-937945-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=oFVBEAAAQBAJ. 
  178. ↑ Was postmodernism born with Close Encounters of the Third Kind?|Culture|The Guardian
  179. ↑ Kubrick's Total Cinema: Philosophical Themes and Formal Qualities - Google Books
  180. ↑ Time Machines: After Kubrick: A Filmmaker's Legacy, edited by Jeremi Szaniawski · Senses of Cinema
  181. ↑ Hutcheon, Linda (1990). "An epilogue: Postmodern parody: History, subjectivity, and ideology". Quarterly Review of Film and Video 12 (1–2): 125–133. doi:10.1080/10509209009361343. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10509209009361343?journalCode=gqrf20. 
  182. ↑ Hiroshima mon amour's Unforgettable Opening|Current|The Criterion Collection
  183. ↑ Horror versus Terror in the Body Genre | CINEACTION
  184. ↑ Emile de Antonio - Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research
  185. ↑ Lessons of Documentary: Reality, Representation, and Cinematic Expressivity - American Society For Aesthetics
  186. ↑ Agnès Varda Was a Living Work of Art - The Hollywood Reporter
  187. ↑ Eclipse Series 19: Chantal Akerman in the Seventies|The Criterion Collection
  188. ↑ "Here Is Your Life" (in en). https://www.criterion.com/films/28552-here-is-your-life. 
  189. ↑ Voyage into the unknown | Movies - The Guardian
  190. ↑ "A Matter of Life and Death" (in en). https://www.criterion.com/films/28833-a-matter-of-life-and-death. 
  191. ↑ Hippie Modernism: Cinema and Counterculture, 1964-1974 - BAMPFA
  192. ↑ Theater 2 Hippie Modernism Shorts - BAMPFA
  193. ↑ Hippie Modernism: The Struggle for Utopia At The Berkeley Art Museum | East Bay Express
  194. ↑ Elegy to Ecstasy: Films from Canyon Cinema - BAMPFA
  195. ↑ Vulgar Modernism - Artfourm International
  196. ↑ Vulgar Modernism - Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism
  197. ↑ Simpson, Philip; Utterson, Andrew; Shepherdson, Karen J. (2004). Film Theory: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 171. ISBN 9780415259750. https://books.google.com/books?id=zyRIlJTkuQ4C&dq=vulgar+modernism&pg=PA171. 
  198. ↑ Five films that influenced Jean-Luc Godard|Far Out Magazine
  199. ↑ Jiří Trnka Shorts: Mature Mastery | American Cinematheque
  200. ↑ The Czech Year - Harvard Film Archive
  201. ↑ Bashara, Dan (2 April 2019). Cartoon Vision: UPA Animation and Postwar Aesthetics. Univ of California Press. ISBN 9780520298132. https://books.google.com/books?id=eQmDDwAAQBAJ. 
  202. ↑ Global Animation Theory - International Perspectives at Animafest Zagreb - Bloomsbury Collections
  203. ↑ Sollors, Werner (2008). Ethnic modernism (First Harvard University Press paperback ed.). Cambridge, Mass.. p. 8. ISBN 9780674030916. https://books.google.com/books?id=DaXO7cSOS_cC. 
  204. ↑ Murray, Robin L. (2011). That's all folks? : ecocritical readings of American animated features. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 85–89. ISBN 9780803235120. 
  205. ↑ Six facts about Jean-Luc Goddard – the godfather of modernist cinema|Evening Standard
  206. ↑ What Made Buster Keaton’s Comedy So Modern?|The New Yorker
  207. ↑ "The Servant" (in en). https://www.criterion.com/films/31285-the-servant. 
  208. ↑ "La notte" (in en). https://www.criterion.com/films/28111-la-notte. 
  209. ↑ Hoberman, J. (2021-01-01). "Hippie Medium" (in en-US). https://www.artforum.com/columns/j-hoberman-on-shuzo-azuchi-gullivers-cinematic-illumination-249107/. 
  210. ↑ "United Productions of America and Cartoon Modernism · Bosustow Family Film Collection · Indiana University Libraries Moving Image Archive". https://collections.libraries.indiana.edu/IULMIA/exhibits/show/nick-and-stephen-bosustow-film/united-productions-of-america-. 
  211. ↑ Troyer, Seth (2023-09-18). "12 Totally Strange and Underseen Animated Films" (in en-US). https://www.popmatters.com/12-totally-strange-animated-films. 
  212. ↑ "Modernist Cinema" (in en). 2019-01-01. https://www.meer.com/en/47944-modernist-cinema. 
  213. ↑ Delapa, Thom (2023-11-24). "What Makes Citizen Kane the Greatest Film of All Time?" (in en). https://www.thecollector.com/citizen-kane-greatest-film-all-time/. 
  214. ↑ Anderson, Danny (2019-11-06). "How THE BIG SLEEP Made Detectives Postmodern" (in en-us). https://www.filminquiry.com/big-sleep-postmodern/. 
  215. ↑ "Theories of Modernism in Cinema | Voices | Sylff Official Website | Cultivating Leaders of Tomorrow" (in en). https://www.sylff.org/news_voices/17172/. 
  216. ↑ Hoberman, J. (2022-09-16). "Godard Was Cinema" (in en-US). ISSN 0027-8378. https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/jean-luc-godard-obituary/. 
  217. ↑ Ford, H. (2012-10-29) (in en). Post-War Modernist Cinema and Philosophy: Confronting Negativity and Time. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-28352-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=6zbpf_LFQ24C. 



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