Philosophy:Scientific controversy
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Controversies involving science exists in all aspects. Sometimes defined as a "persistent disagreement"[1] over knowledge, the contrasting opinions of certain topics leaves individuals in a tense setting.
A scientific controversy is a substantial disagreement among scientists. A scientific controversy may involve issues such as the interpretation of data, which ideas are most supported by evidence, and which ideas are most worth pursuing.[2]
Controversies between scientific and non-scientific ideas are not within the realm of science and are not true scientific controversies.[3]
Scientific controversies usually exist in the context of geography, history, and social context. Much like other topics, there are individuals that can’t seem to see eye to eye within the world of science. Depending on the demographic, the way a community sides with an opinion varies. With the natural conflict of having varying opinions, an audience having their biases, and more, makes for controversy. Even more in a public setting, contrasting opinions encourage discourse amongst individuals.
Conflict with beliefs
In the situation of even presenting clear and scientifically proven evidence, people will always have their own opinion. "Controversy can be rooted in differing beliefs and values; personal, political, social, and economic interests; fears; and moral and ethical considerations—all of which are central to decisions and typically subject to public debate".[4]
As described above, individuals have their opinions based on various subjects such as culture, history, ethics, morals, religion, and more. This leads the stance on certain scientific topics to be very different across the board as perceptions vary from person to person, this is the ultimate reason why scientific controversy exists, to begin with. Science-related controversies all follow similar characteristics.
- Conflict over personal beliefs, values, and interests
- Public perception
- Voices behind opinions presented to the public
With science being inconclusive in itself, it leads to a disconnect between individuals. Oftentimes, science gets roped into personal morals and social values which leads to contrasting ideas.[5] This arises the issue of communicating science in an appropriate manner. Listed below, there are some of the various examples of scientific controversies.
See also
- History of the race and intelligence controversy
- Biopsychiatry controversy
- Causes of ADHD
- List of scientific priority disputes
- List of scientific controversies
- Science
- Scientific method
References
- ↑ The Globalisation of Scientific Controversy, www.bmartin.cc/pubs/08globalization.html.
- ↑ Anne E. Egger, Ph.D., and Ph.D. Anthony Carpi. “Scientific Controversy: Process of Science.” Visionlearning, Visionlearning, Inc., 12 Feb. 2017, www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Process-of-Science/49/Scientific-Controversy/181.
- ↑ What Controversy: Is a Controversy Misrepresented or Blown out of Proportion?, undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/sciencetoolkit_06.
- ↑ "Home - Books - NCBI." National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books.
- ↑ What Are Personal Morals and Values?, askinglot.com/what-are-personal-morals-and-values.
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