Physics:Aggregate modulus

In relation to biomechanics, the aggregate modulus (Ha) is a measurement of the stiffness of a material at equilibrium when fluid has ceased flowing through it. The aggregate modulus can be calculated from Young's modulus (E) and the Poisson ratio (v).

[math]\displaystyle{ Ha=E(1-v)/[(1+v)(1-2v)] }[/math]

The aggregate modulus of a similar specimen is determined from a unidirectional deformational testing configuration, i.e., the only non-zero strain component is E₁₁, as opposed to the Young's modulus, which is determined from a unidirectional loading testing configuration, i.e., the only non-zero stress component is, say, in the e₁ direction. In this test, the only non-zero component of the stress tensor is T₁₁.

Reference: Biomechanics of Cartilage by Mansour