Social:Ram Mandir Dhwajarohan

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Short description: Ceremony of hoisting Lord Rama's sacred flag on Ram Mandir
Ram Mandir Dhwajarohan
Native name राम मंदिर ध्वजारोहण
English nameRam Mandir Flag Hoisting
DateNovember 25, 2025 (2025-11-25)
Time11:45 am – 12:29 pm (Abhijit Muhurat)
VenueRam Mandir
LocationAyodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 26°47′44″N 82°11′39″E / 26.7956°N 82.1943°E / 26.7956; 82.1943
Also known asRam Dharma Dhwajarohan
TypeReligious, Ceremonial
ThemeDharma Dhwaja; Purnahuti (Final culmination)
CauseCompletion of the temple's main spire (Shikhar)
PatronsNarendra Modi
Yogi Adityanath
Mohan Bhagwat
Organised byShri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust
ParticipantsNarendra Modi (Prime Minister)
Mohan Bhagwat (RSS Chief)
Yogi Adityanath (Chief Minister)
Anandiben Patel (Governor)
Vedic Acharyas and Priests
OutcomeInstallation of the 42-foot flagstaff and hoisting of the Dharma Dhwaja
Hoisting of the sacred Dharma Dhwaja flag on the top Shikhar of Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir

Ram Mandir Dhwajarohan (Devanagari: राम मंदिर ध्वजारोहण) or Ram Mandir Flag Hoisting was the ceremonial raising of the sacred flag (Dharma Dhwaj) on November 25, 2025, atop the 161-foot (49 m) gold-plated spire of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir. The temple is situated on the banks of the Sarayu River in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. The ceremony was led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Historical context

Following the Supreme Court verdict that awarded the disputed land for the construction of the temple, Prime Minister Narendra Modi performed the bhoomi pujan (groundbreaking ceremony) on August 5, 2020.[1] The temple was inaugurated on January 22, 2024, marked by the pran pratishtha (consecration ceremony) of Ram Lalla.[2]

Although the temple was opened to devotees following the consecration in January 2024, construction of the temple's main spire remained unfinished. By November 25, 2025, the construction of the main spire, designed in the North Indian Nagara architectural style, was completed. The installation of a 42-foot (13 m) flagstaff atop this 161-foot (49 m) spire marked the official conclusion of the temple’s structural construction. Prime Minister Modi characterized the flag-hoisting ceremony as the purnahuti (final culmination) of a 500-year yajna (sacred endeavor).[3][4]

November 25 coincided with Vivaha Panchami, celebrated as the wedding anniversary of Lord Ram and Goddess Sita. According to the Hindu calendar, in 2025, the Panchami Tithi commenced at 9:22 pm on November 24 and continued until 10:56 pm on November 25. Within this duration, the Abhijit Muhurat (11:45 am – 12:29 pm) is regarded as an auspicious window for sacred activities. Notably, both the bhoomi pujan and the pran pratishtha of the Ram Mandir were also performed during this timeframe.[5][6]

Dharma Dhwaja

Dharma Dhwaj (lit. flag of dharma) is the religious flag called dhvaja installed atop the Ram Mandir at Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. [7][8] The flag-hoisting marked the ritual completion of the temple’s construction during the formal Dhwajarohan ceremony held on 25 November 2025. [9] The Dharma Dhwaj bears sacred symbols — the radiant Sun, the sacred syllable “Om”, and the Kovidara tree — signifying spiritual heritage, Lord Rama’s lineage, and traditional Hindu symbolism.[10][11][12] The saffron flag — measuring 22 feet × 11 feet — was hoisted on a 42-foot flagpole rising from the temple spire, as part of the renovation and finalization process of the temple complex. [12][13]

The focal point of the ceremony was the saffron standard known as the Dharma Dhwaja, hoisted atop the temple's spire. According to guidelines from the Indian Ministry of Defence and most authoritative sources, the flag is a right-angled triangle measuring 22 feet (6.7 m) in length and 11 feet (3.4 m) in width,[14] though some media reports cited dimensions of 20 feet by 10 feet.

Because the temple spire stands at 161 feet (49 m), where wind velocities are significantly higher, the flag was fashioned from a specialized parachute fabric. A manufacturer based in Ahmedabad stated that the flag can withstand gale-force winds of up to 200 kilometers per hour (120 mph), although other sources indicate it was tested for wind speeds of 60 km/h (37 mph).[15] To accommodate these conditions, the flag is mounted on a 42-foot (13 m) flagpole equipped with a specialized 360-degree ball-bearing mechanism.

The saffron expanse of the flag features three prominent symbols embroidered in golden thread: the Sun, the ॐ (Om) symbol, and the kovidara tree. The Sun represents Lord Ram's lineage, the Suryavansha (Solar Dynasty); Om signifies the primordial cosmic sound representing creation, preservation, and dissolution; and the kovidara tree marks the revival of a lost emblem from the ancient royal standard of Ayodhya.[15][16]

History

The idea of a dharma dhwaj is rooted in long‑standing Hindu temple practice, where flags or banners are raised on temple spires to denote the active presence and protection of the presiding deity.[17] In this context, the Dharma Dhwaj of Ayodhya's Ram Mandir is intended to signify that Lord Rama is enthroned at his traditional birthplace and that the construction of the temple has reached ritual completion.[7][8]

The flag was hoisted on 25 November 2025, coinciding with the observance of Vivaha Panchami, a festival associated with the divine marriage of Rama and Sita.[18] The ceremony, held within the Ram Mandir complex, was led by Indian prime minister Narendra Modi in the presence of religious leaders, political dignitaries and invited devotees.[7][8]

Design and symbolism

The Dharma Dhwaj is a saffron‑coloured, right‑angled triangular flag mounted on a mast fixed to the main shikhara of the Ram Mandir.[18][19] Saffron (bhagwa) is traditionally associated with renunciation, sacrifice and commitment to dharma, and is widely used in Hindu religious and monastic contexts.[20]

The flag carries several prominent symbols:

  • a stylised Sun (Surya), representing the Solar dynasty to which Lord Rama belongs, and symbolising illumination, vitality and the sustaining power of righteousness;[19]
  • the sacred syllable Om (ॐ), denoting the primordial sound and the essence of Vedic and Upanishadic spiritual tradition;[19]
  • a sacred tree motif, often identified with the Kovidara or a similar auspicious tree, symbolising shelter, continuity and the flourishing of dharma across generations.[19][21]

Flagstaff and engineering

The Dharma Dhwaj is mounted on a tall metallic mast anchored to the superstructure of the Ram Mandir.[22] At the height of 161 feet, the flag is 22 feet long and 11 feet wide. It is made of parachute-grade fabric and is designed to withstand harsh weather and strong wind up to 60 kmph.[23] It is designed by Gujarati artisans using high‑strength materials such as premium silk threads along with modern engineering methods to retain the traditional appearance of a temple dhwaja‑stambha.[22] The mast in Ayodhya as a custom‑fabricated, heavy structure equipped with a mechanised system for raising and lowering the flag, blending ritual requirements with contemporary safety standards.[18][24].

The main shikhara of the temple measures 161 feet in height, above which a 42-foot custom-fabricated flagpole was installed to mount the Dharma Dhwaj.[25][26] The mast incorporates a motorised raising mechanism and a 360-degree rotating assembly to allow the flag to align with shifting winds and prevent tangling.[27] The final flag installation as a fusion of traditional temple dhwaja-stambha design with contemporary structural engineering.[22]

Religious significance

The Dhwajarohan (flag-hoisting) ceremony at Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir took place on 25 November 2025, when a saffron banner called Dharma Dhwaj was hoisted atop the temple’s spire. [28][29][30] The sacred symbols of the Sun, Om, and the “Kovidara” tree (or Kovidar tree) draw on religious/ancestral symbolism as per the Temple Trust.[12][31]

The flag-hoisting followed several days of religious rituals (yajna, Navagraha worship, chanting of Vedic mantras and recitation of scriptures) conducted by priests from Ayodhya and Kashi under the direction of the temple trust, ahead of the formal ceremony. [32][33] The Dhwajarohan is marked as the “formal completion” of the temple complex. It signifies as the opening of all entrances and readiness of the temple for full ritual functioning. [34]

Kovidara tree

Scientifically designated as Bauhinia variegata, the kovidara tree belongs to the Leguminosae family. In various Indian vernaculars, it is commonly referred to as Raktakanchan or Kanchan. Ancient Ayurvedic treatises, the Charaka Samhita and the Sushruta Samhita, explicitly refer to it as 'Kovidara,' noting that its bark, flowers, and roots are used to treat diverse ailments.[35][36]

The tree's historical association with the royal standard was rediscovered by Indologist Lalit Mishra during his research into an ancient illustrated manuscript of the Ramayana from the Mewar School. Upon observing a distinct tree depicted on the flag of Ayodhya, he consulted experts from Banaras Hindu University (BHU), who identified it as the kovidara. Mishra subsequently traced a specific textual reference to this emblem in the Ayodhya Kanda of the Valmiki Ramayana. In the 84th sarga (canto), 3rd shloka (verse), as Bharata journeys to Chitrakoot to persuade Rama to return, Lakshmana identifies him from a distance solely by the insignia on his chariot:[37][38]

Template:Verse transliteration-translation

According to Hindu tradition, the sage Kashyapa created the kovidara by hybridizing the celestial mandara tree with the terrestrial parijata.[38]

Following the death of King Brihadbala of Ayodhya in the Kurukshetra War, the city was stripped of its former glory, and over time, the memory of this royal standard faded. While the poet Kalidasa referenced the kovidara flower in his literary works, he made no allusion to its significance as a heraldic symbol.[39]

Events and rituals

To mark the occasion, the city of Ayodhya and the temple complex were adorned with nearly 100 tons of flowers. Security was tightened across the city, featuring the deployment of approximately 6,970 security personnel, including ATS commandos, NSG snipers, and the Rapid Action Force. While the temple remained closed to the general public for the day, special access passes were arranged for invited dignitaries.[40][41]

Ceremonial rituals commenced on November 21. Dr. Anil Mishra, a member of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust, accompanied by his wife, officiated as the Pradhan Yajman (chief host) for the Navagraha Puja and the sacrificial yajna.[42] The festivities included a Kalash Yatra, a procession wherein thousands of women carried sacred water collected from the Sarayu River.[43] On the day of the flag hoisting, the sanctity of the occasion was upheld by 21 Vedic Acharyas and 100 priests, who engaged in continuous Vedic chanting and ritual sacrifices.[6][44]

View of the decorated Shri Ram Janambhoomi Mandir during the ceremony of the Dhwajarohan

On the morning of November 25, Prime Minister Narendra Modi landed at Ayodhya Airport, where he was received by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath and Governor Anandiben Patel. From there, he proceeded to the temple premises via a roadshow. Crowds of devotees lining the route welcomed him with chants of Jai Shri Ram and showers of flower petals.[45][46]

The Prime Minister first offered prayers at Hanumangarhi before visiting the newly constructed Sapta Mandir complex (shrines dedicated to Maharishi Valmiki, Vashishtha, Vishwamitra, Agastya, Shabari, Nishadraj, and Ahalya). Subsequently, he performed a special puja and aarti within the Garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum) of Ram Lalla.[47]

As the auspicious Abhijit Muhurat approached, just prior to 12:00 pm, the Prime Minister ascended to the temple's third floor. Using a remote-control mechanism, he formally hoisted the Dharma Dhwaja atop the 161-foot (49 m) spire.[48] This moment was marked by flower petals showered from helicopters, while the air resonated with the blowing of conch shells and the ringing of bells. At this culmination, the Prime Minister was flanked by RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat and Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath.[49][50]

Prime Minister's address

Following the flag-hoisting ceremony, Prime Minister Modi addressed the assembly. He spoke about history, colonialism, and the future of India. He declared, "Today, the city of Ayodhya is witnessing another turning point in India’s cultural consciousness. Today, all of India, the entire world, is filled with the divine presence of Ram. There are unparalleled contentment, boundless gratitude, and immense supernatural joy in the heart of every devotee of Ram. The wounds of centuries are healing, the pain of centuries is finding an end today, the resolution of centuries is achieving success today. Today marks the final offering of a yajna whose fire burned for 500 years."[51]

In his address, the Prime Minister invoked British historian Thomas Babington Macaulay. He asserted that the education system introduced by Macaulay 190 years ago constituted a conspiracy designed to sever Indians from their cultural roots. Identifying the year 2035, marking the bicentenary of 'Macaulay’s Minute' as a critical milestone, he urged that within the next decade, India must liberate itself from the shackles of inferiority and the colonial mindset.[52]

Drawing upon the symbolism of the kovidara tree, he remarked, "The Kovidar tree reminds us that when we forget our identity, we lose ourselves. And when identity returns, the nation’s self-confidence also returns."[53]

Message of inclusivity

Representatives from indigenous tribal communities hailing from Sonbhadra and other forested regions were invited to attend the ceremony. This initiative was conceived to commemorate the relationship Lord Ram shared with forest dwellers and tribal populations during his exile, as chronicled in the Ramayana.[54]

Iqbal Ansari, one of the principal litigants in the Babri Masjid title suit, attended the event at the invitation of the Trust. Expressing his sentiments, he remarked, "I am delighted to attend the programme. Ayodhya is a city of harmony."[55]

Reactions

National

  • Congress leader and former MP Rashid Alvi alleged that by hoisting the saffron flag at the Ram Janmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya, Modi was attempting to stoke religious sentiments to secure political gains in the 2027 Uttar Pradesh elections. He further questioned whether Modi would ever hoist a similar flag at a mosque, a gurdwara, or a church.[56]

International

  • Israel’s Ambassador to India, Reuven Azar, extended his greetings to India on "restoring such an important civilizational symbol."[57]

India-Pakistan exchange

On November 25, the Foreign Office of Pakistan issued a statement formally condemning the event. The statement alleged that, driven by "Hindutva ideology," concerted efforts were underway in India to erase the religious sites and cultural heritage of Muslims.[58]

The Government of India issued a rebuttal to these remarks. Randhir Jaiswal, the Official Spokesperson for the Ministry of External Affairs, stated, "We have seen the reported remarks and reject them with the contempt they deserve." He further asserted, "As a country with a deeply stained record of bigotry, repression, and systemic mistreatment of its minorities, Pakistan has no moral standing to lecture others. Rather than delivering hypocritical homilies, Pakistan would do better to turn its gaze inwards and focus on its own abysmal human rights record."[59][60]

See also

References

  1. ↑ India, Press Trust of (2020-08-05). "PM Narendra Modi performs bhoomi pujan for Ram temple in Ayodhya". https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bhumi-pujan-ram-temple-pm-narendra-modi-bhoomi-ayodhya-1708013-2020-08-05. 
  2. ↑ Mogul, Rhea; Sud, Vedika; Farooqui, Sania; Iyer, Aishwarya S; Taylor, Jerome (2024-01-22). "India's Ayodhya Ram Mandir temple inaugurated by Modi". https://edition.cnn.com/asia/live-news/india-ram-mandir-ayodhya-inauguration-24-01-22-intl-hnk. 
  3. ↑ "Flag-hoisting trial conducted at Ram temple ahead of Nov 25 event". 2025-09-21. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/flaghoisting-trial-conducted-at-ram-temple-ahead-of-nov-25-event-101758390595385.html. 
  4. ↑ Seth, Maulshree (2025-11-28). "4,000 workers, 5 years, Rs 1,800 crore: Inside the making of Ram Mandir in Ayodhya". https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/inside-making-ram-mandir-ayodhya-workers-years-10389016/. 
  5. ↑ Sharma, Mahima (2025-11-25). "Vivah Panchami 2025: Date, Time, Puja Rituals and Significance". https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/festivals/vivah-panchami-2025-date-time-puja-rituals-and-significance/articleshow/125546134.cms. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Ayodhya all decked up for historic flag hoisting to mark completion of Ram temple". 2025-11-24. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/grand-flag-hoisting-to-mark-completion-of-ram-temple-will-be-a-4-minute-affair/articleshow/125525482.cms. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Ayodhya Ram Mandir Flag Hoisting Highlights". The Indian Express. 25 November 2025. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ayodhya-ram-mandir-event-live-updates-flag-hoisting-ceremony/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "PM Modi hoists saffron Dharma Dhwaj atop Ayodhya's Ram Mandir". The Times of India. 25 November 2025. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/watch-pm-narendra-modi-hoists-saffron-dharma-dhwaj-atop-ayodhyas-ram-mandir/articleshow/. 
  9. ↑ "PM Narendra Modi hoists sacred flag at Ayodhya's Ram Mandir, marking the completion of historic mandir". The Economic Times. 25 November 2025. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/pm-modi-hoists-saffron-flag-at-ram-janmabhoomi-temple-marks-completion-of-historic-mandir/articleshow/125557609.cms. 
  10. ↑ Service, Statesman News (25 November 2025). "Kovidara Tree: PM Modi hoists Dharma Dhwaj in Ayodhya with this plant, know its significance and medicinal value" (in en). The Statesman. https://www.thestatesman.com/lifestyle/kovidara-tree-pm-modi-hoists-dharma-dhwaj-in-ayodhya-with-this-plant-know-its-significance-and-medicinal-value-1503517127.html. 
  11. ↑ "Ayodhya Ram Temple flag hoisting ceremony: What do Sun, Om and Tree on 'Dharma Dhwaj' signify?". The Economic Times. 25 November 2025. https://economictimes.com/news/new-updates/ayodhya-ram-temple-flag-hoisting-ceremony-what-do-sun-om-and-tree-on-dharma-dhwaj-signify-explained/articleshow/125557685.cms. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "PM Narendra Modi hoists sacred 11-kg saffron flag at Ram Mandir during Dhwajarohan ceremony". India Today. 25 November 2025. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-hoists-sacred-11-kg-saffron-flag-at-ram-mandir-during-dhwajarohan-ceremony-2825539-2025-11-25. 
  13. ↑ "Historic moment in Ayodhya: PM Narendra Modi hoists Dharma Dhwaj atop Ram Mandir". The Times of India. 25 November 2025. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/historic-moment-in-ayodhya-pm-narendra-modi-hoists-dharma-dhwaj-at-shri-ram-janmabhoomi-mandir/articleshow/125558119.cms. 
  14. ↑ "Ahmedabad-based company making flag for Ayodhya Ram temple". 2025-11-06. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/ahmedabadbased-company-making-flag-for-ayodhya-ram-temple-101762449455542.html. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Ayodhya Ram Mandir Dharma Dhwaj Has Om, Sun & Kovidara: Is The Flag Same For All Gods & Temples?". 2025-11-25. https://www.news18.com/explainers/ayodhya-ram-mandir-dharma-dhwaj-has-om-sun-kovidara-is-the-flag-same-for-all-dieties-temples-ws-kl-9729948.html. 
  16. ↑ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir flag: Made with parachute fabric, withstands 200 kmph winds and more interesting facts". 2025-11-24. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/ayodhya-ram-mandir-flag-made-with-parachute-fabric-withstands-200-kmph-winds-and-more-interesting-facts/ayodhya-ram-mandir-flag-ceremony-details-and-festivities/slideshow/125534497.cms. 
  17. ↑ Eck, Diana L. (2012). India: A Sacred Geography. Harmony. pp. 120–122. ISBN 978-0385531931. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "'Sun, Om & Kovidara Tree; Automated Mast': All About Saffron Flag That Will Crown Ram Mandir". News18. 24 November 2025. https://www.news18.com/india/sun-om-automated-mast-all-about-saffron-flag-that-will-crown-ram-mandir-today-. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 "Ayodhya Ram Temple flag hoisting ceremony: What do Sun, Om and Tree on 'Dharma Dhwaj' signify?". The Economic Times. 25 November 2025. https://economictimes.com/news/new-updates/ayodhya-ram-temple-flag-hoisting-ceremony-what-do-sun-om-and-tree-on-dharma-dhwaj-signify-explained/articleshow/. 
  20. ↑ Flood, Gavin (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0521438780. 
  21. ↑ Service, Statesman News (25 November 2025). "Kovidara Tree: PM Modi hoists Dharma Dhwaj in Ayodhya with this plant, know its significance and medicinal value" (in en). The Statesman. https://www.thestatesman.com/lifestyle/kovidara-tree-pm-modi-hoists-dharma-dhwaj-in-ayodhya-with-this-plant-know-its-significance-and-medicinal-value-1503517127.html. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 "Ayodhya Ram Mandir flag: Made with parachute fabric, withstands 200 kmph winds". The Economic Times. 25 November 2025. https://economictimes.com/news/india/ayodhya-ram-mandir-flag-made-with-parachute-fabric-withstands-200-kmph-winds/articleshow/. 
  23. ↑ Mishra, Avaneesh (2025-11-25). "Why Ram Temple Dharma Dhwaja is a new cultural milestone for Ayodhya" (in en). https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-ram-temple-dharma-dhwaja-is-a-new-cultural-milestone-for-ayodhya-2825780-2025-11-25. 
  24. ↑ "42‑foot flagstaff installed at Shri Ram Janmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya". The Times of India. 29 April 2025. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/42-foot-flag-pole-installed-at-shri-ram-janmabhoomi-temple-in-ayodhya-ahead-of-akshay-tritiya/articleshow/. 
  25. ↑ "42-foot flag pole installed at Shri Ram Janmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya ahead of Akshay Tritiya". The Times of India. 29 April 2025. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/42-foot-flag-pole-installed-at-shri-ram-janmabhoomi-temple-in-ayodhya-ahead-of-akshay-tritiya/articleshow/120720240.cms. 
  26. ↑ "Ayodhya set for historic Dhwajarohan as Ram Mandir construction reaches completion". 25 November 2025. https://www.indiatodayne.in/national/story/ayodhya-set-for-historic-dhwajarohan-as-ram-mandir-construction-reaches-completion-1308331-2025-11-25. 
  27. ↑ "Ahmedabad-based company making flag for Ayodhya Ram Temple". Hindustan Times. 2025. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/ahmedabadbased-company-making-flag-for-ayodhya-ram-temple-101762449455542.html. 
  28. ↑ "'PM Narendra Modi hoists saffron flag atop Ram Mandir in Ayodhya'". India Today. 25 November 2025. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-hoists-sacred-11-kg-saffron-flag-at-ram-mandir-during-dhwajarohan-ceremony-2825539-2025-11-25. 
  29. ↑ "Watch: PM Narendra Modi hoists saffron Dharma Dhwaj atop Ayodhya's Ram Mandir". The Times of India. 25 November 2025. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/watch-pm-narendra-modi-hoists-saffron-dharma-dhwaj-atop-ayodhyas-ram-mandir/articleshow/125558213.cms. 
  30. ↑ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir flag: Made with parachute fabric, withstands 200 kmph winds and more interesting facts". The Economic Times. 25 November 2025. https://economictimes.com/news/india/ayodhya-ram-mandir-flag-made-with-parachute-fabric-withstands-200-kmph-winds-and-more-interesting-facts/125534510.cms. 
  31. ↑ "'Sun, Om & tree': What the symbols on Ayodhya Ram Temple's 'Dharma Dhwaj' signify". The Times of India. 26 November 2025. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sun-om-tree-what-the-symbols-on-ayodhya-ram-temples-dharma-dhwaj-signify-explained/articleshow/125555728.cms. 
  32. ↑ "At Ram Mandir, vedic rituals begin for flag hoisting ceremony". Hindustan Times. 22 November 2025. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/at-ram-mandir-vedic-rituals-begin-for-flag-hoisting-ceremony-101763753050459.html. 
  33. ↑ "Vedic ritual for Ram temple flag hoisting ceremony to commence on Friday". The New Indian Express. 21 November 2025. https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Nov/21/vedic-ritual-for-ram-temple-flag-hoisting-ceremony-to-commence-on-friday-2129575.html. 
  34. ↑ "Why Ram Temple Dharma Dhwaja is a new cultural milestone for Ayodhya". India Today. 25 November 2025. https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-ram-temple-dharma-dhwaja-is-a-new-cultural-milestone-for-ayodhya-2825780-2025-11-25. 
  35. ↑ "Kovidara Tree: PM Modi hoists Dharma Dhwaj in Ayodhya with this plant, know its significance and medicinal value". 2025-11-25. https://www.thestatesman.com/lifestyle/kovidara-tree-pm-modi-hoists-dharma-dhwaj-in-ayodhya-with-this-plant-know-its-significance-and-medicinal-value-1503517127.html. 
  36. ↑ "How Kovidar tree, inscribed on 'dharm dhwaj', is rooted in Ayodhya's tradition". 2025-11-26. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/how-kovidar-tree-inscribed-on-dharm-dhwaj-is-rooted-in-ayodhyas-tradition/articleshow/125574188.cms. 
  37. ↑ ""Om, Sun and Kovidara tree": Indologist Lalit Mishra discovers Ayodhya's ancient flag". 2025-11-22. https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/om-sun-and-kovidara-tree-indologist-lalit-mishra-discovers-ayodhyas-ancient-flag20251122190339/. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Varma, Ananya (2025-11-25). "The Sacred Kovidara Tree on Ayodhya Ram Mandir's 'Dharma Dhwaj': Symbolism, History, And A Lost Ramayana Story". https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/the-sacred-kovidara-tree-on-ayodhya-ram-mandirs-dharma-dhwaj-symbolism-history-and-a-lost-ramayana-story-article-153202391. 
  39. ↑ "The Kovidara Tree: A Sacred Flowering Icon of India's Civilisational Heritage". 2025-11-24. https://indianblog.co.in/the-kovidara-tree-a-sacred-flowering-icon-of-indias-civilisational-heritage/. 
  40. ↑ "Dhwajarohan ceremony at Ram Mandir today: PM Modi to hoist sacred flag, tight security in Ayodhya; top points". 2025-11-25. https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/dhwajarohan-ceremony-at-ram-mandir-today-pm-modi-to-hoist-sacred-flag-tight-security-in-ayodhya-top-points-503520-2025-11-25. 
  41. ↑ "Ayodhya turns high-securityzone for 'dhwajarohan' event". 2025-11-25. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/ayodhya-turns-high-securityzone-for-dhwajarohan-event/articleshow/125549457.cms. 
  42. ↑ "Religious flag hoisting ceremony at Ayodhya's Ram Mandir begins with 'Navgraha Pujan'". 2025-11-21. https://www.thestatesman.com/india/religious-flag-hoisting-ceremony-at-ayodhyas-ram-mandir-begins-with-navgraha-pujan-1503515565.html. 
  43. ↑ Puri, Sagar (2025-11-21). "Ram Mandir Dhwajarohan 2025: From rituals and flag hoisting timings to security plan, guest list, PM Modi's full schedule". https://news24online.com/india/ram-mandir-dhwajarohan-2025-from-rituals-and-flag-hoisting-timings-to-security-plan-guest-list-pm-modis-full-schedule-complete-guide-here/672654/. 
  44. ↑ "Ayodhya Ram Temple flag hoisting ceremony: What do Sun, Om and Tree on 'Dharma Dhwaj' signify? Explained". 2025-11-25. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/ayodhya-ram-temple-flag-hoisting-ceremony-what-do-sun-om-and-tree-on-dharma-dhwaj-signify-explained/articleshow/125557685.cms?from=mdr. 
  45. ↑ "PM Modi holds roadshow to Ram temple ahead of flag ceremony". 2025-11-25. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/pm-modi-roadshow-ayodhya-ram-temple-nov-25-2025/article70320492.ece. 
  46. ↑ "PM Modi Holds Roadshow Ahead Of Flag-hoisting Ceremony At Ayodhya Ram Temple » IndiaPost NewsPaper". 2025-11-25. https://indiapost.com/pm-modi-holds-roadshow-ahead-of-flag-hoisting-ceremony-at-ayodhya-ram-temple/. 
  47. ↑ M, Rahul (2025-11-25). "Prime Minister Narendra Modi Visits Sapt Mandir In Ayodhya, Temple Dedicated To 7 Spiritual Figures". https://www.freepressjournal.in/lifestyle/prime-minister-narendra-modi-visits-sapt-mandir-in-ayodhya-temple-dedicated-to-7-spiritual-figures. 
  48. ↑ Arora, Kamna (2025-11-25). "Ayodhya Ram Mandir Dhwajarohan: Key highlights from PM Modi's historic flag hoisting". https://www.thestatesman.com/india/ayodhya-ram-mandir-dhwajarohan-live-updates-2025-1503516997.html. 
  49. ↑ Srivastava, Prashant (2025-11-24). "What is the flag-hoisting ceremony that PM Modi will lead at Ram temple in Ayodhya". https://theprint.in/india/what-is-the-flag-hoisting-ceremony-that-pm-modi-will-lead-at-ram-temple-in-ayodhya/2790990/. 
  50. ↑ Patra, Shuddhanta (2025-11-25). "PM Modi Leads Ram Temple Flag Hoisting With Yogi Adityanath, Mohan Bhagwat". https://www.news18.com/india/pm-modi-leads-ram-temple-flag-hoisting-with-yogi-adityanath-mohan-bhagwat-watch-9729933.html. 
  51. ↑ Dixit, Pawan (2025-11-26). "Modi hoists flag, Ayodhya project formally complete". https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/modihoists-flag-ayodhya-project-formally-complete-101764095807548.html. 
  52. ↑ Achom, Debanish (2025-11-25). "What Is 'Macaulay Mindset'? Debate Over British Politician's India Impact". https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-spoke-of-macaulay-mindset-british-politician-india-impact-decoded-9697755. 
  53. ↑ "PM's speech during the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir Dhwajarohan Utsav". 2014-03-17. https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pms-speech-during-the-shri-ram-janmabhoomi-mandir-dhwajarohan-utsav/. 
  54. ↑ "Ram temple flag ceremony: Tribals, forest dwellers, Babri litigant's son among special guests". 2025-11-25. https://telanganatoday.com/ram-temple-flag-ceremony-tribals-forest-dwellers-babri-litigants-son-among-special-guests. 
  55. ↑ "Tribals, Babri litigant's son: Check special guest list for Ram Mandir flag ceremony". 2025-11-25. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ram-mandir-flag-ceremony-tribals-forest-dwellers-babri-litigants-son-among-guests-101764051555902.html. 
  56. ↑ ""Will he hoist flag on mosque, Gurudwara or church?": Rashid Alvi slams PM Modi for hoisting Dharma Dhwaja at Ram temple". 2025-11-25. https://www.malaysiasun.com/news/278722121/will-he-hoist-flag-on-mosque-gurudwara-or-church-rashid-alvi-slams-pm-modi-for-hoisting-dharma-dhwaja-at-ram-temple. 
  57. ↑ "'Congratulations India for restoring important civilizational symbol': Israeli envoy on Ayodhya Dhwajarohan ceremony". 2025-11-25. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congratulations-india-for-restoring-important-civilizational-symbol-israeli-envoy-on-ayodhya-dhwajarohan-ceremony/articleshow/125561340.cms. 
  58. ↑ "Pakistan warns of India's targeting of religious minorities, Muslim cultural heritage". 2025-11-25. https://www.dawn.com/news/1957314/pakistan-warns-of-indias-targeting-of-religious-minorities-muslim-cultural-heritage. 
  59. ↑ "India slams Pakistan's Ayodhya Ram Temple flag hoisting remarks: 'No moral standing to lecture others'". 2025-11-27. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-slams-pakistans-ayodhya-ram-temple-flag-hoisting-remarks-no-moral-standing-to-lecture-others-10387732/. 
  60. ↑ "'No moral standing': India slams Pak for remarks on Ram Temple flag-hoisting". 2025-11-26. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/no-moral-standing-india-slams-pak-for-remarks-on-flag-hoisting-at-ram-temple-101764161133038.html. 



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