Social:Telue language

From HandWiki
Short description: Kra language
Telue
White Gelao
Duoluo
Native toChina , Vietnam
RegionGuizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Ha Giang Province
Native speakers
(1,220 cited 1987)Template:Ethnologue24 does not exist
Kra–Dai
Language codes
ISO 639-3giw
Glottologwhit1267[1]

Telue (pinyin transcription: Duoluo 多罗; Tolo) or White Gelao is a Gelao language spoken in China and Vietnam.[2][3]

Dialects

The primary dialectal areas where Telue (White Gelao) is still spoken are:[4]

  • Guizhou, China (in Liuzhi Special District): Judu 居都
  • Guangxi, China (in Longlin County): Moji 磨基 (also spoken in Wantao 湾桃)
  • Yunnan, China (in Malipo County): Yueliangwan 月亮湾 (also spoken in Fengyan 峰岩 and Laozhai 老寨)
  • Vietnam (in Hà Giang Province)[5]

Phonology

Duoluo has many uvular and prenasalized consonants.[6]

Consonants

Labial Dental/
Alveolar
(Alveolo-)
palatal
Velar Uvular Glottal
plain pal. lat. plain pal. plain pal. lab. plain pal.
Stop voiceless p pl t k q ʔ ʔʲ
aspirated pʰʲ pʰl tʲʰ kʲʰ kʰʷ
voiced b bl d ɡ
Affricate voiceless ts
aspirated tsʰ (tɕʰ)
voiced dz
Fricative voiceless f s ɕ h
voiced v z ɣ
Nasal voiceless ɲ̟̊ ŋ̊
voiced m ml n ɲ̟ ŋ
Lateral fricative ɬ
glide l ˀl
labial
Approximant (w) j
  • The sound of the affricates /ts, tsʰ, dz/ are frequently close to interdental affricate sounds [tθ, tθʰ, dð].
  • The pronunciation of /j/ can sometimes be close to an alveolo-palatal sound [ʑ], but not as fully articulated.
  • /ŋ/ can also form a syllabic nasal [ŋ̍].
  • Sounds /tɕʰ, w/ mainly appear in modern Chinese loanwords.

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i y ɯ u
Mid e ə o
Open a ɑ
Syllabic ɹ̩
  • /ɹ̩/ only is heard after dental/alveolar fricatives and affricates only, /i/ is never heard in this position.
  • /ə/ and /ɯ/ are typically free variants of each other. When used as a single vowel, it is commonly heard as [ɯ], but when followed by a back vowel /ɯ, u/ it is pronounced as [ə].[7]

References

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Duoluo Gelao". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/whit1267. 
  2. Zhang Jimin 张済民. 1993. Gelao yu yan jiu 仡佬语研究 (A study of Gelao). Guiyang, China: Guizhou People's Press 贵州民族出版社.
  3. Zhou Guoyan 周国炎. 2004. Gelao zu mu yu sheng tai yan jiu 仡佬族母語生态硏究 (Studies on the linguistic ecology of the Gelao people). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House 民族出版社.
  4. Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].
  5. Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2011. The Gelao language: materials for a Kadai comparative dictionary [Языки гэлао: материалы к сопоставительному словарю кадайских языко]. Moscow: Academia. ISBN:9785874443917
  6. Edmondson, Jerold A.. "Kra or Kadai languages". Ling.uta.edu. http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/krac.pdf. 
  7. Zhuo, Guoyan (2000). The phonology system of Judu Gelao language. The Fifth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics: Hochiminh City: Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City University.