Software:Amber Smalltalk

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Amber Smalltalk
An ancient flying insect caught in amber.
An ancient flying insect caught in amber.
Original author(s)Nicolas Petton
Developer(s)Amber Community
Initial releaseSeptember 13, 2011; 14 years ago (2011-09-13)
Stable release
0.30.0 / February 23, 2021; 4 years ago (2021-02-23)[1]
Repositorylolg.it/amber/amber
Written inSmalltalk, JavaScript
Operating systemCross-platform
PlatformWeb browser
Available inEnglish
TypeObject-oriented programming language, IDE
LicenseMIT
Websitewww.amber-lang.net

Amber Smalltalk, formerly named Jtalk, is an implementation of the programming language Smalltalk-80, that runs on the JavaScript runtime of a web browser. It is designed to enable client-side development using Smalltalk.[2] The programming environment in Amber is named Helios.[3]

Key features

Amber includes an integrated development environment (IDE) with a class browser, Workspace, transcript, object inspector, and debugger. Amber is written in itself (is self-hosting), including the compiler, and compiles into JavaScript, mapping one-to-one with the JavaScript equivalent.[4] This one-to-one mapping with JavaScript differentiates Amber from other Smalltalk variants such as Pharo, Seaside, and Squeak.[2] Developing Amber project requires Node.js to run the tooling; the deployed project only needs browser to run. Amber doesn't run slowly on a bytecode virtual machine due to its convenient mapping to JavaScript, which makes compiled code run fast.

History

Amber was originally created by Nicolas Petton in 2011.[5] Amber was influenced by an earlier Smalltalk in browser project, named Clamato, created by Avi Bryant.[5][6][7] Amber and Clamato both use parsing expression grammar (PEG) libraries to parse Smalltalk source code. Amber uses the JavaScript based PEG.js library[8][9] written by David Majda. Clamato uses PetitParser, a Smalltalk-based library written by Lukas Renggli.[5] Clamato and Amber were both influenced by earlier work by Dan Ingalls in developing the Lively Kernel implementation of Morphic to run in web browsers via JavaScript.[5][10]

Starting with version 0.12.0, Amber modules compile to asynchronous module definition (AMD).[11] Starting with version 0.12.6, the development helper command-line interface (CLI) tool is extracted to dedicated module, which can be installed from npm as @ambers/cli; and setting up the project and its JavaScript ecosystem (npm, grunt) is greatly simplified using this CLI tool by issuing amber init and answering a few questions.[12] Since August 2018, project scaffolding of "amber init" is simplified, not using bower any more and only based on npm and whole project resides under npm organization @ambers. This makes setting Amber Smalltalk easier for people with little JavaScript experience.[13]

Installing

Up-to-date instructions should be at https://lolg.it/amber/amber.

To install Amber, Git must be installed first, if it is not already. The following commands will install Amber:[3] 

# for macOS and Linux, needs the following two commands: 
npm config set prefix=~/npm
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/npm/bin" # add to .bash_profile or .bashrc

npm install -g grunt-cli grunt-init @ambers/cli

To create a new project, write:

# Create the empty project dir
mkdir example-project
cd example-project

# Create and initialize a new Amber project
amber init

"amber init" step will lead to some questions about the project. For most of them, a default answer can be set. The next step is to start the server: 

amber serve

After that, typing http://localhost:4000 in the browser will get to the application. Most browsers will block Helios IDE pop-ups by default, so browser settings may need changing to allow the Helios IDE popup to appear.

Integrating external JavaScript libraries

Npm software can be used to access a vast array of JavaScript libraries. A library can be integrated by following only four steps:[3]

  1. Install the library using npm.
  2. If 'local.amd.json' files doesn't exist for the npm package, create a 'libname.amd.json' file in the project root.
  3. Run 'grunt devel' (or 'grunt deploy' if ready to deploy an application).
  4. Add 'libname' to the application package's #imports: .

Deployment

By running grunt deploy, the Amber project is packaged using RequireJS into just a few files, at the minimum just index.html and the.js, which can be hosted statically as any other static web page.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Release version 0.30.0". https://lolg.it/amber/amber/commit/d0643e241c2ba97a9d8ab37a03bff29e04aef6c2. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Smalltalk Implementations (brief comparative summaries describing Smalltalk dialects)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Eng, Richard (2015-06-09). "A Gentle Introduction to Amber: Engaging in Smalltalk with Her, Reads Like English, and It’s Still Succinct!, "It’s alive! It’s alive!", The All-seeing Helios, Testing D3". https://medium.com/smalltalk-talk/a-gentle-introduction-to-amber-8c532631e9ab#.dcps4c7i2. 
  4. ↑ Petton, Nicolas. "Amber Smalltalk". http://amber-lang.net/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Schuster, Werner (August 22, 2011). "Smalltalk IDEs Come to the Browser: Jtalk, tODE, Lively Kernel 2.0". http://www.infoq.com/news/2011/08/smalltalk-in-browser. 
  6. ↑ "Clamato". http://clamato.net/.  (Clamato Smalltalk project website)
  7. ↑ Petton, Nicolas (August 2011). "Jtalk, the Smalltalk for Web developers". European Smalltalk User Group Conference (ESUG). Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. http://nicolas-petton.fr/presentations/esug2011/.  Slides.
  8. ↑ Majda, David (2010–2016). "PEG.js: Parser Generator for JavaScript". David Majda. http://pegjs.majda.cz/. 
  9. ↑ Petton, Nicolas (13 September 2011). "Bye, bye Jtalk... Hello Amber!". Google, Inc.. https://groups.google.com/d/topic/amber-lang/FsuX8geVXpk/discussion. "... we are now making a first release humbly numbered 0.9. We are also taking the opportunity to pick a slicker name for Jtalk - Amber!" 
  10. ↑ Shuster, Werner (June 22, 2010). "Dan Ingalls on the History of Smalltalk and the Lively Kernel". http://www.infoq.com/interviews/ingalls-smalltalk. 
  11. ↑ "amber-smalltalk/amber". https://github.com/amber-smalltalk/amber/wiki/Migration-from-0.11-to-0.12. 
  12. ↑ "amber-smalltalk/amber". https://github.com/amber-smalltalk/amber. 
  13. ↑ Petton, Nicolas. "Installing Amber". http://docs.amber-lang.net/installing-amber.html. 



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