Software:Comix Zone

From HandWiki
Short description: 1995 video game
Comix Zone
North American Genesis box art
Developer(s)Sega Technical Institute[lower-alpha 1]
Publisher(s)Sega
Designer(s)Peter Morawiec
Programmer(s)Adrian Stephens
Writer(s)Peter Morawiec
Composer(s)Howard Drossin
Platform(s)Genesis, Windows, Game Boy Advance
ReleaseGenesis
  • NA: July 1995
  • JP: September 1, 1995
  • EU: September 1995
Windows
  • NA: November 13, 1995[1]
  • EU: March 1996
Game Boy Advance
  • EU: September 11, 2002
Genre(s)Beat 'em up
Mode(s)Single-player

Comix Zone[lower-alpha 2] is a 1995 beat 'em up game developed by Sega Technical Institute and published by Sega for the Sega Genesis. Set within the panels of a comic book, it follows the comic writer/artist Sketch Turner as he attempts to escape the pages of his own work. The game sees the player traversing six levels, where they interact with the comic world and must defeat enemies and occasionally solve puzzles in order to progress.

Conceived by Sega Techinical Institute programmer Peter Morawiec, the concept for the game was originally shown off in a 1992 demo video, entitled Joe Pencil Trapped In The Comix Zone, to Sega. The concept was greenlit and development began on the game. After a few delays in its release in order to implement more features, the game was released in July of 1995 in North America, and in Japan and Europe in September that year.

The game received mostly positive critical reception, often being praised for its visual presentation and soundtrack, however critique was given to elements of the gameplay such as perceived high difficulty. Despite positive reviews, the game was not financially successful, in a large part due to its late release for the Genesis as well as the advent of more sophisticated fifth-generation game consoles. Regardless, the game has since managed to garner a cult following and was ported to the Game Boy Advance in 2002. Comix Zone has also appeared on numerous video game compilations and digital game storefronts, as well as coming preinstalled on the Sega Genesis Mini.

Gameplay

Sketch Turner kicking an enemy through a set of comic panels. The interface at the top right shows Sketch's current health and items.

Comix Zone is a side-scrolling beat 'em up game with platform and puzzle elements.[2] The game is set within the panels of a comic book; dialogue is rendered through speech balloons while environments are meant to look like hand-drawn American superhero comics. Sketch Turner, the player character, can interact with the comic world in a variety of ways, such as by ripping a part of the page into a paper plane to attack an enemy.

There are six levels, or pages, in total, each of which are grouped into sets of two across three themed episodes. In each level, the player traverses a series of panels. Each panel either contains enemies or a simple puzzle that must be dealt with to progress to another panel. Occasionally, the player gets to choose from a branching set of panels, each of which eventually leading back to single panel. Sketch’s health is represented by a life bar and is diminished if he attacks or is hit by an enemy or obstacle. When his health depletes completely or he falls down a pit the game ends unless the player has obtained a continue by completing a two level set.

Sketch can store up to three items in order to overcome obstacles or enemies. Most items in the game can be found by using Roadkill, a rat and himself an item, to peel back parts of the page to discover them. Many items, such as knives, offer stronger attacks, however the iced tea item can, and is the only way to, heal Sketch’s life bar.

Synopsis

Comix Zone is set in a comic book of the same name. The comic centers around a post-apocalyptic Earth and each level is set in a different part of the world. The locations the player visits include a decimated New York City, the Himalayas and the atolls of Zealand. The player controls Sketch Turner, a comic writer/artist who created the comic after dreaming vividly about its contents.[3]: 1 

While working on Comix Zone during a thunderstorm, a panel of Sketch's comic is hit by a lightning bolt, causing the book's antagonist, a mutant named Mortus, to escape its pages. Desiring a physical form in the real world, Mortus sends Sketch into the comic in the hopes of killing him and receiving a body in the process. Upon arriving in the comic, Sketch is met by Alissa, a defense force general fighting against Mortus who believes that Sketch came to save her post-apocalyptic world. Sketch disputes this fact, but regardless goes on Alissa's mission as he attempts to find how to escape from his comic.

The duo traverse through the comic world for a while, defeating many of Mortus’s henchmen along the way, before eventually reaching a weapons factory containing a nuclear weapon hidden on a derelict ship. The weapon turns out to be Mortus’s ultimatum to wipe out all other life in the comic world, so that he and his mutant race can reign undisputed. As Alissa attempts to defuse the weapon, Mortus comes back into the comic and throws her into a chamber that slowly fills with liquid. Sketch manages to successfully defeat Mortus, frees Alissa from the chamber, and escapes the comic with her just as the weapon self-detonates. Now in the real world, Alissa enlists in the army and is later promoted as Chief of Security for the United States. Comix Zone becomes the best-selling comic book ever, selling out on the first day and making him a celebrity overnight. Alissa moves in with Sketch and they live happily together.

Development

Conception

The game was conceived by the Sega Technical Institute (STI) programmer Peter Morawiec.[4] Many of Morawiec's fellow STI developers were comic book fans and made monthly trips to local comic shops.[5] He devised the Comix Zone concept after joining his co-workers on one of their trips to a shop in Palo Alto, California.[6] Morawiec "felt that comics and games could be very complementary" and began working on a technology demonstration for his Amiga.[4] The story was inspired by the 1985 music video for "Take On Me" by A-ha, which depicts a race car driver in a comic book connecting with a woman in the real world. Morawiec added a dystopian-esq setting based on his passion for science fiction films.[7]

Morawiec presented the video, "Joe Pencil Trapped in the Comix Zone", to STI head Roger Hector in December 1992.[4][8] Hector was enthralled by the concept, saying: "The minute I saw it, I knew it was going to be great."[9] He encouraged Morawiec to pitch it directly to Sega of America CEO Tom Kalinske, who approved it.[8] Although Kalinske wanted development to begin immediately, Comix Zone was placed on hold so STI could work on Sonic Spinball (1993), as Sega wanted to have a Sonic the Hedgehog game available for the 1993 Christmas shopping season.[8] Following Spinball's release, STI pitched several concepts, including Comix Zone, to Sega management. Kalinske remembered Comix Zone and asked STI to begin development.[4]

Morawiec approached programmer Adrian Stephens, who had joined STI as a programmer as Spinball was nearing completion, about working on Comix Zone. Development began with a three-man team of Morawiec, Stephens, and executive producer Dean Lester.[8] According to Hector, "It took a few months to put together a team capable of delivering the game".[9] The team grew as large as a dozen people and was given high priority at STI and the full support of the studio. Additional staff included Jonah Hex co-creator Tony DeZuniga, comic book artist Alex Niño, lead animator Bob Steele, artist Chris Senn, programmer Stieg Hedlund, and associate producer Mike Wallis.[10][11] Hector, who served as the manager, credited Morawiec as the project lead.[9]

Production

The initial protagonist was Joe Pencil, a "geeky-looking" character who Morawiec based on "the classic comic book angle of a scrawny kid getting transformed into a powerful superhero."[4] Sega's marketing department objected to the character's name and design, so he was renamed Sketch Turner and Morawiec, a fan of the Smashing Pumpkins, redesigned him to resemble a grunge rocker.[4][5] The marketing department also demanded, against Morawiec's wishes, that Sketch have a sidekick, a popular trend in games at the time. Morawiec did not want Sketch to be followed by a human or a large animal, so he conceived Roadkill since a rat "didn't take up a lot of screen space, and we could do quite a bit with it in terms of puzzles and such."[4] The marketing department felt that a pet rat was an awkward choice,[12] but Lester and the other developers supported it.[4]

Jonah Hex co-creator Tony DeZuniga (pictured in 2011) designed Comix Zone's beginning and ending sequences.

STI sought to design Comix Zone faithfully to its comic book theme, including in its animation style.[8] DeZuniga designed the beginning and ending sequences; he drew the art with ink and pencils before scanning it into a computer and processing it for the Genesis.[12] Senn contributed character animations as well as some background art and bosses.[13] As development progressed, Stephens found it challenging to program the game so it would fit within two megabytes while being able to decompress large pages of graphics during play. He noted that the Genesis was not designed with this process in mind, but was pleased that he managed to make it happen.[14] When STI sent Comix Zone to Sega of Japan for review, it received a note claiming the game "embodied everything that was wrong with American culture". Hedlund said the team took this as "high praise".[10]

Comix Zone became STI's top project with the full support of Sega's marketing department. The development was relatively smooth,[13] though the game was repeatedly delayed so the team could add more features, leading to a release late in the Genesis' lifecycle.[15] Comix Zone was one of the only two games, the other being The Ooze, to bear the STI logo.[5] It was the first game that Wallis worked on during his time at Sega,[16] and the last Genesis game Senn worked on.[17] The soundtrack was composed by Howard Drossin, who used the GEMS sound driver and chose a rock music style.[18][2] Drossin sought to demonstrate the sound capabilities of the Genesis and that it could produce more than just chiptune. He provided most of the male audio clips, while various administrative assistants provided female audio clips. Morawiec contributed the voice of the villain Gravis.[18]

Late in development, Sega's testing department recommended that the difficulty level be increased. Average players found it difficult to complete the game as a result, and Morawiec expressed regret that he followed the test department's recommendation.[19] As development concluded, pressure was mounting as the American STI team had not released a game since Spinball. Further complicating matters was the forthcoming release of Sega's new consoles, the 32X and Sega Saturn, and Stephens expecting a child. Resultingly, Comix Zone's scope was reduced for a sooner-than-planned release and two levels had to be removed.[18] In retrospect, Morawiec felt the development would have greatly benefited from the contributions of STI's more experienced Japanese staff, who had split from the main team following the release of Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (1992).[4]

Release

Comix Zone was released late into the Genesis lifecycle which, alongside the advent of fifth-generation consoles, caused its sales to suffer.

Comix Zone was released for the Genesis in North America on July 1995,[20][21] in Japan on September 1, 1995,[22] and in Europe on September 1995.[23] The game received a small print run in Japan and became an expensive collector's item in the years following its release.[2] Sales of Comix Zone were hampered by its late release in the Genesis' lifecycle, after the worldwide launch of next-generation hardware like the Saturn and Sony's PlayStation. According to Stephens, Hector said that Comix Zone failed to break even,[24] which Morawiec attributed to the popularity of the PlayStation.[4]

To promote Comix Zone as "edgy and cool", Sega bundled Comix Zone with a CD featuring rock songs by popular bands such as Love and Rockets, Danzig, and the Jesus and Mary Chain.[18] STI originally planned for the bundled CD to contain several Comix Zone tracks performed by a grunge band that Drossin had formed in Los Angeles, but Sega chose a different approach. Morawiec said that the team, particularly Drossin, was upset by the change, though their planned CD was still manufactured and distributed via a magazine, European and Windows copies, and Sega's short-lived Sega Tunes label.[4][2] Hardcore Gaming 101 described the rock CD as "a stunt that further drives the nineties-ness of [Comix Zone] as a time capsule for an era when game companies often released a lot of crazy promotional crap to sell their products".[2]

Reception

Reception
Aggregate scores
AggregatorScore
GameRankings76%[25]
Metacritic71/100[26]
Review scores
PublicationScore
AllGame4.5/5[27]
EGM8.5/10, 8/10, 7/10, 8/10[28]
Famitsu30/40[29]
Next Generation3/5[30]

GamePro considered the game's visuals a successful recreation of the look and feel of a comic book, but said that the game quickly sours once the player encounters the repetitive combat and overly simplistic puzzles. They also found problems with the controls: "Sketch can't move rapidly around the panel, and button slamming yields unpredictable results." They concluded: "You really want to love Comix Zone for its original elements, but after a few panels, the honeymoon's over."[20] The four reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly acknowledged the problems with the controls, but also remarked that the graphics are exceptionally colorful for a Genesis game, and argued that the originality of its comic book look makes it a must-have despite its flaws.[28]

Next Generation reviewed the Genesis version of the game and stated that while the unique concept, outstanding visuals, and solid soundtrack make the game of interest, the gameplay is derivative and repetitive. They summed up: "A very cool idea for a game that wasn't executed properly, Comix Zone is better than most."[30] In 2017, GamesRadar ranked Comix Zone 43rd on their "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games of all time." They lauded the animation and sound effects as "magnificent" and beyond the supposed limitation of the console.[31]

Ports and re-releases

The Game Boy Advance port of the game (right) alters some of the graphics due to the system's smaller screen.

A port of the game for Windows 3.1, making use of the WinG graphics API,[32] was released by Sega PC in North America in November 1995 and in Europe in March 1996.[33][34] The port, released when Microsoft was promoting Windows 95 as a legitimate game platform, is largely identical to the Genesis version, though it features a MIDI rendition of the soundtrack.[2] A Game Boy Advance (GBA) port, developed by Virtucraft, was exclusively released in Europe in limited quantities on September 11, 2002. Because of the GBA’s smaller screen size, many of the game’s assets had to be altered to accommodate for the smaller screen size. GamesTM wrote that its reduced screen size "lessened the illusion of being inside a comic and made the game feel more like your traditional beat-'em-up."[19]

Comix Zone has been re-released various times as part of game compilations. The Japanese version of Sonic Mega Collection (2002), a GameCube compilation of the Genesis Sonic games, includes Comix Zone as an unlockable game.[35] Yojiro Ogawa, Sonic Team's head designer, was a "huge fan" of Comix Zone and pushed for its inclusion.[24] Internationally, it was included in the expanded PlayStation 2 (PS2) and Xbox version, Sonic Mega Collection Plus.[36] Other compilations featuring Comix Zone include Sega Smash Pack 2 (2000) for Windows, Sega Genesis Collection (2005) for the PS2 and PlayStation Portable;[37] Sonic's Ultimate Genesis Collection (2009) for the PlayStation 3 (PS3) and Xbox 360;[38] and Sega Genesis Classics (2018) for Linux, macOS, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.[39] Additionally, the game has been emulated for download for the Wii via the Virtual Console (2007),[40] the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade (2009),[41] Windows via Steam (2010),[42] the PS3 via PlayStation Store (2011),[43] Android and iOS as part of the Sega Forever service (2017),[44] and the Nintendo Switch for Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack subscribers (2022).[45][46] The Xbox 360 and PS3 releases were branded as part of the Sega Vintage Collection line.[41] The game also comes preinstalled on the Sega Genesis Mini, a dedicated console that can play certain Genesis games that was released in 2019.[47]

Legacy

In the years following its release, the game has received a cult following.[24]

Film Adaptation

In August 2022, Sega announced that they partnered with Picturestart, to develop a film adaptation of the game.[48] Picturestart's Royce Reeves-Darby, Erik Feig, and Samie Kim Falvey were set to produce the film alongside Sega's Toru Nakahara and Kagasei Shimomura, while Young Justice writer Mae Catt was writing the script. The Hollywood Reporter wrote that Catt's story featured a disgruntled comic book creator and a queer writer of color who become stuck in a comic book and work together to stop a supervillain.[49]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Game Boy Advance port developed by Virtucraft
  2. ↑ Japanese: コミックスゾーン, Hepburn: Komikkuzōn

Citations

  1. ↑ "Sega ships CD-ROM titles. - Free Online Library". https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sega+ships+CD-ROM+titles.-a017632290. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Plasket, Michael (August 23, 2017). "Comix Zone". http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/comix-zone/. 
  3. ↑ Comix Zone Instruction Manual (North America). https://manuals.sega.com/genesismini/pdf/COMIXZONE.pdf. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Horowitz, Ken (April 20, 2007). "Interview: Peter Morawiec (STI Programmer)". https://www.sega-16.com/2007/04/interview-peter-morawiec/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Horowitz, Ken (June 11, 2007). "Developer's Den: Sega Technical Institute". https://www.sega-16.com/2007/06/developers-den-sega-technical-institute/. 
  6. ↑ GamesTM staff 2010, p. 150.
  7. ↑ Horowitz 2016, p. 92.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Horowitz 2016, p. 93.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Horowitz, Ken (February 15, 2005). "Interview: Roger Hector". https://www.sega-16.com/2005/02/interview-roger-hector/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Horowitz, Ken (December 15, 2006). "Interview: Stieg Hedlund (STI Programmer)". https://www.sega-16.com/2006/12/interview-stieg-hedlund/. 
  11. ↑ Horowitz 2016, p. 93-94.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Stuart 2014, p. 287.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Horowitz 2016, p. 94.
  14. ↑ GamesTM staff 2010, p. 151.
  15. ↑ Day 2007, p. 31.
  16. ↑ Horowitz, Ken (June 19, 2007). "Interview: Mike Wallis (SOA Producer)". https://www.sega-16.com/2007/06/interview-mike-wallis/. 
  17. ↑ Horowitz, Ken (April 3, 2007). "Interview: Chris Senn (STI Artist)". https://www.sega-16.com/2007/04/interview-chris-senn/. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Horowitz 2016, p. 94-95.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 GamesTM staff 2010, p. 152.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 The Unknown Gamer (August 1995). "Genesis ProReview: Comix Zone". GamePro (IDG) (73): 64. https://archive.org/details/GamePro_Issue_073_August_1995/page/n65/mode/1up. 
  21. ↑ Elrich, David J. (September 14, 1995). "ROAD TEST; 32-Bit Video Games: Newest Kid on the Block" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/14/archives/road-test-32bit-video-games-newest-kid-on-the-block.html. 
  22. ↑ "Software List (Sega Release)" (in ja). Sega Corporation. https://www.sega.jp/history/hard/megadrive/software.html. 
  23. ↑ "Mega Drive Review - Comix Zone". EMAP. September 1995. pp. 84–85. https://archive.org/details/sega-21/page/19/mode/2up. Retrieved 9 March 2025. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 GamesTM staff 2010, p. 153.
  25. ↑ "Comix Zone for Genesis". CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on December 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191209000059/https://www.gamerankings.com/genesis/10975-comix-zone/index.html. Retrieved 29 October 2018. 
  26. ↑ "Comix Zone for Xbox 360 Reviews". CBS Interactive. https://www.metacritic.com/game/comix-zone/critic-reviews/?platform=xbox-360. Retrieved 29 October 2018. 
  27. ↑ Baker, Christopher Michael. "Comix Zone Review". AllGame. http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=1552&tab=review. Retrieved May 19, 2017. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Carpenter, Danyon; Manuel, Al; Semrad, Ed; Sushi-X (August 1995). "Review Crew". Electronic Gaming Monthly (73): 35. ISSN 1058-918X. https://archive.gamehistory.org/item/3a54421d-6aeb-4db1-9eb7-205171bb7380. Retrieved September 17, 2025. 
  29. ↑ NEW GAMES CROSS REVIEW: コミックスゾーン. Weekly Famicom Tsūshin. No.351. Pg.30. 8 September 1995.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Finals". Next Generation (Imagine Media) (8): 75. August 1995. https://archive.org/details/nextgen-issue-008/page/n75/mode/2up. 
  31. ↑ Loveridge, Sam (2017-06-21). "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive Games of All Time" (in en). https://www.gamesradar.com/best-sega-genesis-games-all-time/. 
  32. ↑ "Comix Zone (1995) by SegaSoft Windows game" (in en). https://www.uvlist.net/game-154190-Comix+Zone. 
  33. ↑ Sega of America (September 18, 1995). "Sega enters PC gaming market with hit titles, key partnerships". Archived from the original on April 1, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160401081536/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sega+enters+PC+gaming+market+with+hit+titles%2c+key+partnerships.-a017424677. Retrieved August 11, 2021. 
  34. ↑ Guise 1996, p. 58.
  35. ↑ "『コミックス ゾーン』" (in Japanese). Sonic Team. http://www.sonicteam.com/sonicmega/top_game.html. 
  36. ↑ Perry, Douglass C. (October 14, 2004). "Sonic Mega Collection Plus Impressions". https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/10/14/sonic-mega-collection-plus-impressions. 
  37. ↑ Goldstein, Hilary (November 15, 2005). "Sega Genesis Collection Review". https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/11/16/sega-genesis-collection-review-2. 
  38. ↑ Orry, Tom (February 19, 2009). "SEGA Mega Drive Ultimate Collection Review". https://www.videogamer.com/reviews/sega-mega-drive-ultimate-collection-review. 
  39. ↑ Hatfield, Daemon (May 29, 2018). "SEGA Genesis Classics Review". https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/05/29/sega-genesis-classics-review. 
  40. ↑ Bramwell, Tom (February 2, 2007). "Gradius and Comix Zone on VC". https://www.eurogamer.net/gradius-and-comix-zone-on-vc. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Goldstein, Hilary (June 10, 2019). "Comix Zone Review". https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/06/10/comix-zone-review. 
  42. ↑ Faylor, Chris (May 21, 2010). "SEGA Bringing Classics to PC via Steam, Others". https://www.shacknews.com/article/63924/sega-bringing-classics-to-pc. 
  43. ↑ Hillier, Brenna (August 24, 2011). "US PS Store Update, August 23 - Resistance 3, PSN PLAY, Parasite Eve II". https://www.vg247.com/us-ps-store-update-august-23-resistance-3-psn-play-parasite-eve-ii. 
  44. ↑ Walton, Mark (June 21, 2017). "Sega Forever brings retro games to iOS and Android for free". https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2017/06/sega-forever-games-ios-android/. 
  45. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (July 1, 2022). "4 new Sega Genesis games come to Nintendo Switch Online". https://www.polygon.com/23191161/nintendo-switch-online-new-sega-genesis-games-zero-wing-mega-man. 
  46. ↑ "Nintendo Switch Online adds four more Mega Drive titles". July 2022. https://www.eurogamer.net/nintendo-switch-online-adds-four-more-mega-drive-titles. 
  47. ↑ "SEGA Genesis Mini | Official Website". https://genesismini.sega.com/. 
  48. ↑ Kit, Borys (August 19, 2022). "Sega, Picturestart Team for Video Game Adaptations Space Channel 5, Comix Zone (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sega-adapting-space-channel-5-comix-zone-movies-1235202357/. 
  49. ↑ Kit, Borys (August 19, 2022). "Sega, Picturestart team for video game adaptations 'Space Channel 5,' 'Comix Zone' (exclusive)". https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sega-adapting-space-channel-5-comix-zone-movies-1235202357/. 

Works cited

  • "Behind the Scenes: Comix Zone". Retro: Micro Games Action (Imagine Publishing) 3: 148–153. 2010. ISBN 9781906078560. 
  • Day, Ashley (2007). "Company Profile: Sega Technical Institute". Retro Gamer (Imagine Publishing) (36): 28–33. ISSN 1742-3155. 
  • Guise, Tom (April 1996). "CVG Review: Sega PC". Computer and Video Games (Peterborough: St Ives) (173): 58–59. ISSN 0261-3697. 
  • Horowitz, Ken (2016). Playing at the Next Level: A History of American Sega Games. McFarland & Company. ISBN 9780786499946. 
  • Stuart, Keith (2014). Sega Mega Drive/Genesis Collected Works. Read-Only Memory. pp. 287. ISBN 9780957576810. 
  • MobyGames is a commercial database website that catalogs information on video games and the people and companies behind them via crowdsourcing. This includes over 300,000 games for hundreds of platforms.[1] Founded in 1999, ownership of the site has changed hands several times. It has been owned by Atari SA since 2022.

Features

Edits and submissions to the site (including screenshots, box art, developer information, game summaries, and more) go through a verification process of fact-checking by volunteer "approvers".[2] This lengthy approval process after submission can range from minutes to days or months.[3] The most commonly used sources are the video game's website, packaging, and credit screens. There is a published standard for game information and copy-editing.[4] A ranking system allows users to earn points for contributing accurate information.[5]

Registered users can rate and review games. Users can create private or public "have" and "want" lists, which can generate a list of games available for trade with other registered users. The site contains an integrated forum. Each listed game can have its own sub-forum.

History

Logo used until March 2014

MobyGames was founded on March 1, 1999, by Jim Leonard and Brian Hirt, and joined by David Berk 18 months later, the three of which had been friends since high school.[6][7] Leonard had the idea of sharing information about computer games with a larger audience. The database began with information about games for IBM PC compatibles, relying on the founders' personal collections. Eventually, the site was opened up to allow general users to contribute information.[5] In a 2003 interview, Berk emphasized MobyGames' dedication to taking video games more seriously than broader society and to preserving games for their important cultural influence.[5]

In mid-2010, MobyGames was purchased by GameFly for an undisclosed amount.[8] This was announced to the community post factum , and the site's interface was given an unpopular redesign.[7] A few major contributors left, refusing to do volunteer work for a commercial website.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025} On December 18, 2013, MobyGames was acquired by Jeremiah Freyholtz, owner of Blue Flame Labs (a San Francisco-based game and web development company) and VGBoxArt (a site for fan-made video game box art).[9] Blue Flame Labs reverted MobyGames' interface to its pre-overhaul look and feel,[10] and for the next eight years, the site was run by Freyholtz and Independent Games Festival organizer Simon Carless.[7]

On November 24, 2021, Atari SA announced a potential deal with Blue Flame Labs to purchase MobyGames for $1.5 million.[11] The purchase was completed on 8 March 2022, with Freyholtz remaining as general manager.[12][13][14] Over the next year, the financial boost given by Atari led to a rework of the site being built from scratch with a new backend codebase, as well as updates improving the mobile and desktop user interface.[1] This was accomplished by investing in full-time development of the site instead of its previously part-time development.[15]

In 2024, MobyGames began offering a paid "Pro" membership option for the site to generate additional revenue.[16] Previously, the site had generated income exclusively through banner ads and (from March 2014 onward) a small number of patrons via the Patreon website.[17]

See also

  • IGDB – game database used by Twitch for its search and discovery functions

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sheehan, Gavin (2023-02-22). "Atari Relaunches The Fully Rebuilt & Optimized MobyGames Website". https://bleedingcool.com/games/atari-relaunches-the-fully-rebuilt-optimized-mobygames-website/. 
  2. ↑ Litchfield, Ted (2021-11-26). "Zombie company Atari to devour MobyGames". https://www.pcgamer.com/zombie-company-atari-to-devour-mobygames/. 
  3. ↑ "MobyGames FAQ: Emails Answered § When will my submission be approved?". Blue Flame Labs. 30 March 2014. http://www.mobygames.com/info/faq7#g1. 
  4. ↑ "The MobyGames Standards and Practices". Blue Flame Labs. 6 January 2016. http://www.mobygames.com/info/standards. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Miller, Stanley A. (2003-04-22). "People's choice awards honor favorite Web sites". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. 
  6. ↑ "20 Years of MobyGames" (in en). 2019-02-28. https://trixter.oldskool.org/2019/02/28/20-years-of-mobygames/. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Plunkett, Luke (2022-03-10). "Atari Buys MobyGames For $1.5 Million". https://kotaku.com/mobygames-retro-credits-database-imdb-atari-freyholtz-b-1848638521. 
  8. ↑ "Report: MobyGames Acquired By GameFly Media". Gamasutra. 2011-02-07. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/report-mobygames-acquired-by-gamefly-media. 
  9. ↑ Corriea, Alexa Ray (December 31, 2013). "MobyGames purchased from GameFly, improvements planned". http://www.polygon.com/2013/12/31/5261414/mobygames-purchased-from-gamefly-improvements-planned. 
  10. ↑ Wawro, Alex (31 December 2013). "Game dev database MobyGames getting some TLC under new owner". Gamasutra. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/game-dev-database-mobygames-getting-some-tlc-under-new-owner. 
  11. ↑ "Atari invests in Anstream, may buy MobyGames". November 24, 2021. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-11-24-atari-invests-in-anstream-may-buy-mobygames. 
  12. ↑ Rousseau, Jeffrey (2022-03-09). "Atari purchases Moby Games". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/atari-purchases-moby-games. 
  13. ↑ "Atari Completes MobyGames Acquisition, Details Plans for the Site's Continued Support". March 8, 2022. https://www.atari.com/atari-completes-mobygames-acquisition-details-plans-for-the-sites-continued-support/. 
  14. ↑ "Atari has acquired game database MobyGames for $1.5 million" (in en-GB). 2022-03-09. https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/atari-has-acquired-game-database-mobygames-for-1-5-million/. 
  15. ↑ Stanton, Rich (2022-03-10). "Atari buys videogame database MobyGames for $1.5 million". https://www.pcgamer.com/atari-buys-videogame-database-mobygames-for-dollar15-million/. 
  16. ↑ Harris, John (2024-03-09). "MobyGames Offering “Pro” Membership". https://setsideb.com/mobygames-offering-pro-membership/. 
  17. ↑ "MobyGames on Patreon". http://www.patreon.com/mobygames. 
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