Software:Conkeror
 Conkeror web browser running on Ubuntu Linux 10.04 | |
| Developer(s) | Shawn Betts, John J. Foerch, Jeremy Maitin-Shepard |
|---|---|
| Stable release | 1.0.4[1]
/ November 29, 2017 |
| Written in | JavaScript |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Platform | XULRunner |
| Type | Web browser |
| License | GNU GPL, GNU LGPL and MPL |
| Website | conkeror |
Conkeror is a Mozilla-based web browser designed to be navigated primarily by a computer keyboard. Its design is mainly patterned after the text editor GNU Emacs, with some influence from other programs, including vi.[2]
It was originally written by Shawn Betts, the primary author of keyboard-driven ratpoison and Stumpwm tiling window managers. Formerly an extension for the Mozilla Firefox browser, it is now developed for XULRunner as a stand-alone application. Since Firefox 52 ESR (September 2018), when the last official Mozilla browser that supported XULRunner reached end-of-life, there is no officially-supported browser from Mozilla for Conkeror to be based on.[3] Firefox forks like Pale Moon and Waterfox continue to bundle XULRunner and can be used to run Conkeror.[4]
Conkeror is released under the same set of free software licenses as Mozilla: the GNU General Public License, the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the Mozilla Public License.
Browsing
Conkeror emphasizes Emacs-derived key bindings and keyboard-based browser navigation.[5] By pressing a key (f, for "follow", by default), Conkeror brings up a small, numbered label beside every element within the current view[6] on the page that can be clicked. The user can type the number of the link and ENTER to follow the link,[7] or type the link name to narrow down the choices; when the part of the name already typed uniquely identifies a link, it becomes numbered one, highlighted green, and then hitting Enter will follow it.
Conkeror has a large number of standard key bindings, and more can be added. The following are some examples of default key bindings:[8] (key bindings are case sensitive[9])
| Key binding | Action |
|---|---|
g
|
search/go to URL |
f
|
follow link |
C-x k
|
kill current buffer |
C-h i
|
Conkeror User Manual |
C-h b
|
Complete list of key bindings |
C-s
|
search text forward[6] |
Like Emacs, Conkeror makes use of buffers in order to allow multiple pages to remain open at the same time (similar to tabs in traditional browsers). Users can open new buffers and navigate through them using key bindings. For example, C-u C-f opens a hyperlink in a new buffer, C-u C-g goes to a URL or search term in a new buffer, and C-u C-h i opens the start page in a new buffer. Buffers can be cycled through using M-n to go to the next buffer or M-p to go to the previous one. C-x b displays a list of the currently open buffers from which the user can choose a buffer using the up and down arrows.[10]
Customization
The Conkeror browser can be customized in many ways using JavaScript as the scripting language, much in the way that Emacs uses Emacs Lisp. Customizations can be as simple as rebinding keys, but can also be more involved; for instance, writing new interactive commands. By default, Conkeror looks for these customizations in ~/.conkerorrc. If ~/.conkerorrc/ is a directory instead of a file, then all the contained files will be read, which is a technique to enable modularization of bigger customizations.
Conkeror also ships with a number of loadable JavaScript modules, some of which provide core functionality; others are user-loadable and provide additional functionality.[10]
Conkeror has modes in which the key bindings, page display or browser behaviour become uri-specific.[5] Some modes, like xkcd-mode, come by default. In xkcd-mode, the message which is normally displayed when the user mouses over the comic strip is instead displayed in a special font below the strip. Other modes include those for Google Maps, Reddit and YouTube, and modes can be user-defined as well.[10]
Name
The name of the browser is pronounced identically to that of the Konqueror web browser from the KDE suite of desktop software, although according to the Conkeror FAQ, "the full name of the browser in spoken English is 'Conkeror (with a C)'" to avoid confusion.
Also according to the FAQ, the name derives from the name given to the winner of a game of conkers, a children's game involving horse chestnuts on a string, as well as from a brand of beer also called Conkeror.
See also
- Vimperator
Notes
- ↑ Release as 1.0.4. Conkeror repository.
- ↑ "Conkeror home page". https://conkeror.org/. "Conkeror is a keyboard-oriented, highly-customizable, highly-extensible web browser based on Mozilla XULRunner, written mainly in JavaScript, and inspired by exceptional software such as Emacs and vi."
- ↑ "Alternatives". http://conkeror.org/Alternatives. "Conkeror was originally written for Xulrunner, which was deprecated by Mozilla a couple of years ago. It has continued to work on Firefox until the release of Firefox 57 "Quantum", which disabled support for traditional extensions and also removed many APIs that conkeror currently requires. Firefox 52 ESR is still based on Gecko, but it reached end of life on September 5 2018, to be replaced by a Quantum-based release (60). That means there will be no more officially supported browser from Mozilla on which to run Conkeror. As modern web browsers have a large attack surface, this is bad if you have any concerns about security."
- ↑ Beckert, Axel (2019-03-02). "Public Git Hosting - conkeror.git/commit". https://repo.or.cz/conkeror.git/commit/f8beca7f44e5a1ef5f4ec9cff666acc045ebae6c.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Larson, Eric (2010-03-31). "Conkeror: The Best Web Browser (For Emacs Users)". O'Reilly Media. http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2010/03/conkeror-the-best-web-browser.html.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Conkeror: "Firefox for Emacs users"". SaltyCrane. 2009-04-01. http://www.saltycrane.com/blog/2008/01/firefox-for-emacs-users/.
- ↑ Spalteholz et al. 2008, p. 2.
- ↑ Harding 2009, p. 1.
- ↑ "Conkeror Keys". Stray Notes. Google. April 2011. http://stray-notes.blogspot.com/2011/04/conkeror-keys.html.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Harding 2009, p. 2.
References
- Spalteholz, Leo; Li, Kin Fun; Hamidi, Foad; Livingston, Nigel (21–25 April 2008). "KeySurf: A Character Controlled Browser for People with Physical Disabilities" (PDF). Beijing, China: International World Wide Web Conference Committee (IW3C2). pp. 9. http://www2008.org/papers/pdf/p31-spalteholzA.pdf.
- Harding, David A (Jul 1, 2009), "The Conkeror Web Browser Conquers Small Screens", The Linux Journal (Belltown): part 1, http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/10387, retrieved 2011-06-30, parts 2 3 & 4.
External links
- Conkeror at the Emacs Wiki
- Conkeror – browsing the web, emacs-style (with Conkeror customizations)
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