Software:Kuru Kuru Kururin

From HandWiki
Short description: 2001 video game
Kuru Kuru Kururin
European box art
Developer(s)Eighting
Publisher(s)Nintendo
Director(s)Hiroshi Sato
Masato Toyoshima
Producer(s)Shinji Hatano
Programmer(s)Yasunari Watanabe
Artist(s)Shinichi Ōnishi
Yōichi Kotabe
Composer(s)Atsuhiro Motoyama
SeriesKururin
Platform(s)Game Boy Advance
Release
  • JP: March 21, 2001
  • PAL: June 22, 2001
Genre(s)Puzzle
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

Script error: The function "nihongo_foot" does not exist. is a puzzle video game developed by Eighting and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance. It was released in Japan on March 21, 2001, and in Europe and Australia on June 22 as a launch title for the system. Kuru Kuru Kururin is the first title in the Kururin series and was followed by two Japan-only sequels, Kururin Paradise (2002) and Kururin Squash! (2004). The story follows Kururin, a bird who attempts to rescue his siblings after his mother lost track of them.

The gameplay revolves around a constantly spinning helicopter the player must navigate through mazes to reach a goal at the end of each level. If the player hits walls or other obstacles, it damages the vehicle, but if the player passes through checkpoints, their health will be restored. The idea came from director Masato Toyoshima, who recalled a memory of maneuvering furniture when moving between apartments, and pitched his idea to Nintendo. It was initially conceptualized as a game for the Game Boy Color and Nintendo 64 before the reveal of the Game Boy Advance, remaining in the drafts for two years prior. Yasunari Watanabe served as the sole programmer, and character designs were created by Yōichi Kotabe.

Kuru Kuru Kururin received generally positive reviews, with many critics complimenting its addictive gameplay. The game has sold 265,250 copies in Japan. It was later released in North America for the first time on February 11, 2016 via the Virtual Console service on Wii U. The game was subsequently re-released on the Nintendo Classics service on February 8, 2023. The Kururin series has since been referenced in other video games developed by Eighting, and has been cited as an inspiration by multiple video game developers.

Gameplay

This screenshot shows the Helirin flying through a straight tutorial stage, with a ghost outline of the Helirin indicating the previous record time. The game's interface displays the player's time, the record time, and Kururin with all three of his hearts remaining.
Kururin piloting the Helirin through a gap to reach the goal at the end.

Kuru Kuru Kururin is a puzzle video game played from a top-down perspective.[1] The player controls a slowly spinning stick, and must maneuver it through a series of mazes without touching the walls.[2] The single player offers several goals per course, with each course presenting increasing difficulty.[3] The four-player multiplayer pits players in a race for fastest clear times.

The game starts with simple training levels, in which players are told how to play and how to get around the first corners. After that, there are three levels in each stage, which get progressively harder and longer. The obstacles and the look of the levels (ice, cave, machine, etc.) vary between stages. Taking damage incurs a time penalty, and losing all lives results in failing the level, requiring the player to restart the level from the beginning. Beginners can play the levels on Easy mode, where the stick is only half of its usual size. For each world, the final level contains one of Kururin's siblings that can be obtained with the Helirin. Upon being collected, they will thank Kururin and return to their family.

There is a mode called Challenge mode, which is a collection of smaller levels, usually involving only one or two corners or objects to dodge.

Plot

When on a walk one day, Kururin's mother loses track of her kids, leading them to be scattered across ten different worlds. Kururin, the eldest of the family, is told by his mother that his brothers and sisters went missing, and it is up to him to find them. Kururin is initially unsure that he is up to the task since he has never left his home world before, but he eventually agrees to rescue his lost family. He is taught by Teacher Hare, a rabbit who trains Kururin in the art of controlling the Helirin, a stick-shaped helicopter that has a slow-spinning propeller. After completing Teacher Hare's lessons, Kururin is given some final advice before setting off on his journey.[4]: 4 

Development

The artwork features two images of a blue bird-like animal named Kururin, one viewed from the side, and one viewed from the front. He has a yellow beak and feet, a red handkerchief around his neck, rounded goggles on top of his head, and a thin swirl for hair.
Concept artwork of the titular Kururin illustrated by Yōichi Kotabe.

Kuru Kuru Kururin was developed by the Japanese company Eighting,[5] who had previously developed the Bloody Roar series.[6] This was Eighting's first video game created in partnership with Nintendo. While Eighting had previously worked on multiple arcade video games, employees at the company desired to create a game that was easier to play, citing Tetris as a key inspiration. Director Masato Toyoshima recalled a memory of him carrying long tables whenever he moved apartments, attempting to maneuver the table through the corners of rooms. Since he remembered feeling satisfied after successfully accomplishing these tasks, Toyoshima wondered if he could convert this aspect of his life into a video game concept. A draft was pitched to Hiroshi Sato of Nintendo, who found Toyoshima's idea of a spinning stick interesting, but claimed his colleagues at Nintendo didn't understand the appeal at the time. In their pitch, Eighting described themselves as developers over thirty years old, since they were not the target demographic for the game, but wanted to create something that an older audience could also enjoy.[7]

The game remained as a draft two years prior to its production due to the capabilities of Nintendo's consoles.[7] The Game Boy Color and Nintendo 64 were both considered as platforms, but the lacking technical components of the former and expensive cartridges of the latter did not correlate with the type of game Eighting wanted to create.[8] After the introduction of the Game Boy Advance, Hiroshi Sato drafted a version of the game using assets from the newly announced system, and gave Eighting his proposal to begin development on the project.[7] Nintendo reportedly liked the project, contributing some of its employees to assist the development of Kuru Kuru Kururin, including director Hiroshi Sato.[8] The game was produced by Shinji Hatano and composed by Atsuhiro Motoyama.[9] The sole programmer, Yasunari Watanabe, drafted two versions of the game for arcade and Game Boy Advance, comparing the two for differences in how they controlled and how they looked on various monitors. The controls for the game, along with the rotation speed and length of the Helirin, were finalized after three months of development. Watanabe stated that over 200 courses were created for the game, but not all of them were great, causing the development team to combine different parts of courses together. Since the developers felt they should include something extra, a multiplayer mode was added, making the other players appear as ghosts as to not hinder the gameplay experience of progressing through a level.[7]

To make the game appeal to kids more, the development team decided to create an original character.[7] Yōichi Kotabe worked on the character designs for the game, creating illustrations for Kururin and his family members. He was instructed by Sato to create a pilot of a vehicle, so Kotabe designed the protagonist as a "bird-like animal" with parents.[8][10] Sato claimed that the character design for Kururin stuck out among Kotabe's other creations, since he would normally create characters based on rabbits or squirrels when working with Nintendo.[7] One of the directors pitched the idea to have all of Kururin's siblings be coordinated to a different color of the rainbow, which Kotabe liked, implementing a colorful and diverse palette to the family. For the father, his crest was designed to represent all of the children's colors.[8][10] Additionally, Shinichi Ōnishi served as the art director for Kuru Kuru Kururin.[9] The title itself is onomatopoeia in the Japanese language, translating to the "sound or shape of an object spinning".[1]

Release

It was first announced at the Nintendo Space World 2000 trade show.[5] It was estimated that the development process was around 60 percent complete while on display.[11] It released on March 21, 2001 in Japan and June 22, 2001 in Europe and Australia. Kuru Kuru Kururin released as a launch title for the Game Boy Advance alongside three other Nintendo-published games, these being Software:F-Zero: Maximum Velocity, Super Mario Advance, and Napoleon in Japan only.[12][13][14][15] An official guidebook titled the "Kuru Kuru Kururin Complete Manual" was published by Famitsu in 2001, which contains level layouts for all levels in the Adventure and Challenge modes.[16] In the official guide book for Nintendo Space World 2000, an icon was displayed indicating the title would be compatible with the Mobile Adapter GB. This, however, was not implemented into the final release.[11] A Chinese version of the game was developed for the iQue Game Boy Advance, but was unreleased.[17] Kuru Kuru Kururin was re-released for the Wii U Virtual Console service on July 16, 2014 in Japan and December 22, 2015 in Europe.[18][19] Kuru Kuru Kururin released for the first time in North America on February 11, 2016, becoming the first imported title from the Game Boy Advance on Wii U Virtual Console.[20][21] The game also released on the Nintendo Classics service on February 8, 2023 alongside the launch of the Game Boy Advance online application.[22][23]

Reception

Critical reception

Reception
Aggregate score
AggregatorScore
GameRankings74%[29]
Review scores
PublicationScore
CVG5/10[24]
Edge7/10[25][26]
Eurogamer9/10[27]
Jeuxvideo.com14/20[31]
M! Games78/100[32]
Nintendo Life8/10[30]
Nintendo World Report9/10[13]
Jeux Vidéo Magazine [fr; fr; Jeux vidéo Magazine]17/20[33]
Micromanía15/20[34]

In previews, Kuru Kuru Kururin was received positively. Ty Kris of Nintendojo stated that it shared gameplay qualities with puzzle games such as Tetris, calling it the "perfect pack-in title for the GBA".[35] Jeff Gerstmann of GameSpot,[36] Craig Harris of IGN,[37][38] and multiple reviewers for Nintendo World Report claimed the gameplay was addictive.[39][40][41][42] Additionally, three Nintendo World Report writers described it as a "must have" Game Boy Advance game to have launch.[43] Harris appreciated the cute character designs and catchy music, calling some of its tunes "downright impressive".[37] Prior to its release, it was named the best handheld game at the ECTS trade show by Gestalt of Eurogamer.[44]

Kuru Kuru Kururin received generally positive reviews from critics.[29][45] It has been widely compared to the PlayStation video game Irritating Stick (1998).[1][35][36] Kurt Kalata of Hardcore Gaming 101 described its inspirations were drawn from the Japanese game show Ucchannanchan no Honō no Challenger: Kore ga Dekitara 100 Man En, the Nintendo 64 video game Ucchannanchan no Honō no Challenger: Denryū Iraira Bō, as well as Irritating Stick. In comparison to the latter game, which Kalata described as obnoxious and "terminally bland", Kuru Kuru Kururin was described to contain "far more interesting" gameplay elements, such as the constantly spinning stick and the variety of obstacles in levels.[1] Eurogamer rated the game a score of 9 out of 10 points. The reviewer lauded the game's learning curve and stated that there would be no other puzzle game on the Game Boy Advance at the time that can "rival Kuru Kuru Kururin for its sheer addictiveness and fun-value".[27] Nintendo World Report gave Kuru Kuru Kururin the same score as Eurogamer and declared that it is "simple enough that anyone can pick this game up and play". The reviewer praised the game's multiplayer mode, which he described as "an absolute blast", as well as its lasting appeal, but also commented that the "cutesy" characters and music would be a turn-off for "a lot of people".[13] Jeff Gerstmann of GameSpot rated Kuru Kuru Kururin 7.1 out of 10 and described its graphics as "simple but effective". He stated that the game is "excellent at filling up small periods of free time with its short, level-based nature".[46] Computer and Video Games was less impressed by the game, rating it 5 out of 10. The reviewer declared the game to be "extremely frustrating" and said that it lacks "the perfect simplicity" of other puzzle games such as Mr. Driller and Tetris. Nonetheless, he also commented that the novel gameplay of Kuru Kuru Kururin "will find many fans" and that the multiplayer mode is "unexpectedly brilliant".[24]

The game was nominated by Eurogamer for Best Designer in their 2002 awards.[47] Greg Howson writing for The Guardian considered it the only original offering of Nintendo's launch titles.[48] In November 2001, writers for Computer and Video Games considered it the seventh best game on the Game Boy Advance, as well as the tenth best puzzle video game of all time.[49]

Retrospective reception

Contributors to GamesRadar+ considered it one of the best Game Boy Advance games, as well as one of the best puzzle video games, calling it a "maddeningly tricky gem".[50] Graham Russell of Michibiku recommended the title as a European and Japanese import,[51] and Ian C writing for TheGamer believed it deserved more love.[52] When reviewing the Virtual Console games available on Wii U, Jeremy Parish writing for USgamer claimed Kuru Kuru Kururin was an essential title for its surprisingly "addictive and challenging" gameplay.[53] Harvard Liu writing for Digitally Downloaded stated that he kept revisiting the game on the Nintendo Classics service. He opined that Kuru Kuru Kururin was brilliant, with plenty of well crafted levels that created a desire to achieve a better high score.[54] Lucas M. Thomas writing for Nintendo Force described it as a "classic Nintendo challenge" that, while sometimes irritating, provided a great overall experience. He also noted that the English translation was rough, with localized text often having errors.[55]

Nintendo World Report acknowledged that the game has a legacy among its staff members and readers, with critics Casey Gibson, Donald Theriault, and Neal Ronaghan reassessing its quality. Gibson claimed it never punished the player for taking risks when going for faster times, with it containing fun game modes and a great soundtrack. Theriault similarly complimented the soundtrack, as well as the speed of retrying levels and additional rewards in levels. Conversely, Ronaghan viewed it as a disappointment, claiming the screen was too zoomed-in and the levels focused more on trial-and-error.[56] Dave Frear of Nintendo Life described the game as having "colourful and cheery" visuals, terrific and catchy music, with a difficulty level that started a bit too easy, but was fair overall.[30]

Sales

During its initial launch week, Kuru Kuru Kururin ranked eleventh place on the Famitsu sales charts, selling 57,145 copies in Japan. Among Nintendo's Game Boy Advance launch titles, it performed under Super Mario Advance and Software:F-Zero: Maximum Velocity, but over Napoleon.[57][58] It was also ranked the eighth best-selling Game Boy Advance game during its launch in Europe.[59] In total, the Japanese version sold 265,250 copies.[60][61]

Legacy

A sequel, Kururin Paradise, was released in 2002 for the Game Boy Advance. It was exclusive to Japan, even though it had been showcased at E3 2002, the first announcement of a Kururin game for the American market.[62][63] Another sequel was also released only in Japan for the GameCube in 2004, entitled Kururin Squash!, which became the only title of the series to use 3D computer graphics, as well as to appear on a home console.[64][55]

Several references to the Kururin series are made in the Super Smash Bros. series. The Helirin makes a cameo appearance as a Trophy in Super Smash Bros. Melee (2001), but is incorrectly referred to as "Heririn" in the American version.[65][66] The Helirin later appears in Super Smash Bros. Brawl (2008) as an Assist Trophy. Unlike most Assist Trophies, it doesn't attack, but it becomes part of the stage, and can be used as a platform or a wall.[67] Several other characters and vehicles in the Kururin series appear as Trophies and Stickers in the game.[68][69] In Super Smash Bros. Ultimate (2018), the Helirin appears as a collectable Spirit.[70] A patent from 2012 on multiplayer for the Wii U revealed an example video game similar to Kuru Kuru Kururin.[71] Elements from Kuru Kuru Kururin have also made cameo appearances in some of Eighting's other developed titles.[72] One of the characters introduced in Kururin Paradise appears in Master of Illusion (2006) on the Nintendo DS.[73] The cartridge for Kuru Kuru Kururin also appears in Pikmin 4 (2023) as a collectable Treasure.[74][75] In a 2023 interview, James Montagna, director of games such as Mighty Milky Way (2011) and Software:Advance Wars 1+2: Re-Boot Camp (2023) at WayForward, expressed interest in creating a new entry in the Kururin series. He also claimed that the gameplay of Kuru Kuru Kururin inspired the creation of Vitamin Connection (2020).[76][77] Kururin has also been labeled as an inspiration for multiple indie games, including Roundabout (2014),[78][79][80] Spinny's Journey (2021),[81] and Spinfrog: All Aboard The Frogcopter (2022).[82]

Notes

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Kalata, Kurt (February 20, 2009). "Kuru Kuru Kururin" (in en-US). http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/kuru-kuru-kururin/. 
  2. ↑ Frankle, Gavin. "Kuru Kuru Kururin - Overview - allgame". https://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=27971. 
  3. ↑ "Kuru Kuru Kururin Review Revisit". Nintendo World Report. 2016-02-19. https://www.nintendoworldreport.com/feature/41957/kuru-kuru-kururin-review-revisit. 
  4. ↑ (in en, nl, fr, es) Kuru Kuru Kururin Instruction Booklet. Eighting, Nintendo. 2001. pp. 1–93. https://www.nintendo.com/eu/media/downloads/games_8/emanuals/game_boy_advance_8/Manual_GameBoyAdvance_KuruKuruKururin_EN_DE_FR_ES_IT.pdf?srsltid=AfmBOoq5BlLCY5aO2iXfYNEitQWkWzrirSe41zzlO1fKOoWMVJAFrjpK. Retrieved January 27, 2026. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 IGN Staff (2000-08-09). "More Game Boy Advance Shots". https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/08/10/more-game-boy-advance-shots. 
  6. ↑ Carless, Simon (November 3, 2005). "Japanese Developer Eighting Files For Public Listing". https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/japanese-developer-eighting-files-for-public-listing. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 "３. 開発者インタビュー『くるくるくるりん』" (in ja). https://www.nintendo.co.jp/nom/0103/033/index.html. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Yōichi KOTABE / 小田部羊一 – Part IV: Diversification and transmission" (in en). https://vgdensetsu.net/yoichikotabe4/. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Eighting (March 21, 2001) (in ja). Kuru Kuru Kururin. Game Boy Advance. Nintendo. Scene: Staff credits. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Okumura, Kisko (October 15, 2018). "クッパのイメージはスッポン。任天堂のキャラクタービジュアルの礎を作った、小田部羊一氏がみずからの仕事をふり返る(3/3)" (in ja). Famitsu. https://www.famitsu.com/news/201810/15165861.html?page=3. Retrieved January 27, 2026. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 (in English) Nintendo Space World 2000 Official Guide Book. Enterbrain. 2000. pp. 32. http://archive.org/details/NintendoSpaceworldGuidebooks. 
  12. ↑ Usul (2001-03-21). "Game Boy Advance, au tout début de l'été" (in fr). https://www.gamekult.com/actualite/game-boy-advance-au-tout-debut-de-l-ete-6194.html. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Berghammer, Billy (2001-08-08). "GBA Review: Kuru Kuru Kururin". https://www.nintendoworldreport.com/review/3795/kuru-kuru-kururin-game-boy-advance. 
  14. ↑ Dagdag (2000-12-28). "Game Boy Advance : annonce officielle" (in fr). https://www.gamekult.com/actualite/game-boy-advance-annonce-officielle-2996.html. 
  15. ↑ "ゲームボーイアドバンスが発売された日。色鮮やかなワイド画面に感動。ローンチタイトルは『F-ZERO』や『くるくるくるりん』をはじめ驚異の全30作品【今日は何の日？】" (in ja). Famitsu. March 21, 2025. https://www.famitsu.com/article/202503/36862. Retrieved 2026-01-27. 
  16. ↑ Kuru Kuru Kururin Complete Manual (Guide Book). Enterbrain. 2001. ISBN 4-7577-0457-7. http://archive.org/details/kuru-kuru-kururin-complete-manual-guide-book. 
  17. ↑ Eighting (March 25, 2019), Kuru Kuru Kururin (iQue) (Prototype), Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/kururin-akrc-00.7z/KURURIN_AKRC00-2.png, retrieved January 27, 2026 
  18. ↑ Siliconera Staff (2014-07-09). "Kuru Kuru Kururin And Super Mario Advance Spinning On Wii U" (in en-US). https://www.siliconera.com/kuru-kuru-kururin-super-mario-advance-spinning-wii-u/. 
  19. ↑ Calvert, Darren (2014-12-22). "Nintendo Download: 25th December (Europe)" (in en-GB). https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2014/12/nintendo_download_25th_december_europe. 
  20. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (2016-02-10). "Nintendo importing Game Boy Advance gem Kuru Kuru Kururin to North America" (in en). https://www.polygon.com/2016/2/10/10961720/kuru-kuru-kururin-wii-u-virtual-console-nintendo/. 
  21. ↑ Lada, Jenni (2016-02-11). "Kuru Kuru Kururin Makes Its North American Debut On The Nintendo Wii U Virtual Console" (in en-US). https://www.siliconera.com/kuru-kuru-kururin-makes-north-american-debut-nintendo-wii-u-virtual-console/. 
  22. ↑ Plant, Logan (2023-02-08). "Nintendo Switch Online Adding Game Boy and Game Boy Advance Games" (in en). https://www.ign.com/articles/nintendo-switch-online-game-boy-games. 
  23. ↑ Phillips, Tom (2023-02-08). "Game Boy and Game Boy Color titles headed to Nintendo Switch Online" (in en). https://www.eurogamer.net/game-boy-and-game-boy-color-titles-headed-to-nintendo-switch-online-1. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Fulljames, Stephen (2001-08-15). "Kuru Kuru Kururin Review". Computer and Video Games. http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=8603. Retrieved 2010-03-09. 
  25. ↑ "Issue 97 - May 2001". Edge (Future Publishing). 2001-04-23. https://archive.org/details/Edge_Gaming/Edge%20Gaming%20Magazine%20097/page/n67/mode/2up. Retrieved January 27, 2026. 
  26. ↑ "Kuru Kuru Kururin" (in en-us). Edge Online. http://www.edge-online.com/review/kuru-kuru-kururin/. Retrieved 2026-01-27. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Taylor, Martin (2001-07-07). "KuruKuru Kururin Review". http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/r_kurukuru_gba. 
  28. ↑ Usul (2001-04-09). "Test : Kuru Kuru, ça donne le tournis !" (in fr). https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/kuru-kuru-kururin-3050298821/test.html. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Kuru Kuru Kururin". https://www.gamerankings.com/gba/445177-kuru-kuru-kururin/index.html. Retrieved January 27, 2025. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Frear, Dave (2015-01-02). "Review: Kuru Kuru Kururin (Wii U eShop / GBA)" (in en-GB). Nintendo Life. http://www.nintendolife.com/reviews/wiiu-eshop/kuru_kuru_kururin_gba. 
  31. ↑ Romendil (2001-06-21). "Test: Kuru Kuru Kururin" (in fr). https://www.jeuxvideo.com/articles/0000/00001426_test.htm. 
  32. ↑ Schultes, Oliver (2020-09-29). "Kuru Kuru Kururin – im Klassik-Test (GBA)" (in de). https://www.maniac.de/tests/kuru-kuru-kururin-im-klassik-test-gba/. 
  33. ↑ "Numéro 012 - Juillet 2001". Jeux Vidéo Magazine (12): 116. July 2001. https://download.abandonware.org/magazines/Jeux%20Video%20Magazine/jeuxvideomagazine_numero012/Jvm12p116.jpg. Retrieved February 6, 2026. 
  34. ↑ Christal. "Zoom sur KuruKuru Kururin" (in fr). http://www.micromania.fr/zooms/?ref=19073. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Kris, Ty. "Kuru Kuru Kururin". http://www.nintendojo.com/previews/GBA/view_item.php?967564800. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Gerstmann, Jeff (March 22, 2001). "Kuru Kuru Kururin Hands-On" (in en-US). https://www.gamespot.com/articles/kuru-kuru-kururin-hands-on/1100-2700387/. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Harris, Craig (2001-03-23). "First Impressions: Kuru Kuru Kururin" (in en). https://www.ign.com/articles/2001/03/23/first-impressions-kuru-kuru-kururin. 
  38. ↑ Harris, Craig (2001-03-10). "Kuru Kuru Kururin" (in en). https://www.ign.com/articles/2001/03/10/kuru-kuru-kururin. 
  39. ↑ Lake, Max (June 24, 2001). "Kuru Kuru Kururin Preview". http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/preview/3425/kuru-kuru-kururin-game-boy-advance. 
  40. ↑ Metts, Jonathan (May 20, 2001). "Kuru Kuru Kururin Hands-on Preview". http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/hands-on-preview/2594/kuru-kuru-kururin-game-boy-advance. 
  41. ↑ Taibi, Colin (April 12, 2001). "Kuru Kuru Kururin Hands-on Preview". http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/hands-on-preview/2551/kuru-kuru-kururin-game-boy-advance. 
  42. ↑ Berghammer, Billy (March 22, 2001). "Kuru Kuru Kururin Hands-on Preview". http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/hands-on-preview/2544/kuru-kuru-kururin-game-boy-advance. 
  43. ↑ NWR Staff (June 19, 2001). "Planet GameCube's Top 5 GBA Launch Picks". http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/feature/1858/planet-gamecubes-top-5-gba-launch-picks. 
  44. ↑ Gestalt (2000-09-06). "ECTS 2000 Awards" (in en). https://www.eurogamer.net/ects2k-awards. 
  45. ↑ "Revue de presse internationale de Kuru Kuru Kururin" (in fr). Gamekult. http://www.gamekult.com/tout/jeux/fiches/J000004125_presse.html. 
  46. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GameSpot
  47. ↑ Eurogamer Staff (2002-03-18). "Gaming Globes 2002 : Results" (in en). https://www.eurogamer.net/a-gg2002-3. 
  48. ↑ Howson, Greg (2001-06-21). "The Boy done good" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2001/jun/21/shopping.onlinesupplement. 
  49. ↑ "Chart Attack". Computer and Video Games (240): 75. November 2001. https://archive.org/details/Computer_and_Video_Games_Issue_0240/page/74/mode/2up. Retrieved March 21, 2026. 
  50. ↑ Jones, Darran; Gould-Wilson, Jasmine; West, Josh; Betts, Emma-Jane; Bishop, Rollin; Retro Gamer Team (2022-06-25). "The 25 best Game Boy Advance games of all time" (in en). https://www.gamesradar.com/best-gba-games/. 
  51. ↑ Russell, Graham (2022-02-03). "Game Boy Advance imports guide: the best games to play" (in en-US). https://michibiku.colorninja.com/game-boy-advance-imports-guide-the-best-games-to-play/. 
  52. ↑ C, Ian (2020-08-13). "10 Lesser-Known GBA Games that Need More Love" (in en). https://www.thegamer.com/niche-gba-games/. 
  53. ↑ Parish, Jeremy (May 13, 2016). "What are the Best Virtual Console Games for Nintendo Wii U?" (in en). http://www.usgamer.net/articles/what-are-the-best-nintendo-wii-u-virtual-console-games/page-5. 
  54. ↑ Liu, Harvard (2024-01-02). "Harvard looks back at the highlights that he played in 2023" (in en-US). https://www.digitallydownloaded.net/2024/01/harvard-looks-back-at-the-highlights-that-he-played-in-2023.html. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Issue #21: Lost in Untranslation". Nintendo Force (NF Publishing, LLC): 20. May 2016. https://archive.org/details/nintendo_force_magazine/2016/NFMagazine-Issue21/page/20/mode/2up. Retrieved March 21, 2026. 
  56. ↑ Gibson, Casey; Theriault, Donald; Ronaghan, Neal. "Kuru Kuru Kururin Review Revisit". http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/feature/41957/kuru-kuru-kururin-review-revisit. 
  57. ↑ "Famitsu Software Week of 2001-03-19". http://garaph.info/weeklyoverview.php?week=2001-03-19. 
  58. ↑ Japan Top 10. Electronic Gaming Monthly. 2022-08-12 (published June 2001). pp. 48. http://archive.org/details/electronic-gaming-monthly-issue-143-june-2001. 
  59. ↑ Bramwell, Tom (2001-06-26). "Record-breaking GameBoy Advance sales" (in en). https://www.eurogamer.net/article-30834. 
  60. ↑ "Game Boy Advance Japanese Ranking". Japan-GameCharts.com. August 21, 2007. http://www.japan-gamecharts.com/gba.php. 
  61. ↑ "Kuru Kuru Kururin". http://garaph.info/softwareindividual.php//gid/646. 
  62. ↑ IGN Staff (2002-05-24). "E3 2002: Hands-on: Kururin Paradise". https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/05/24/e3-2002-hands-on-kururin-paradise. 
  63. ↑ Harris, Craig (2002-05-21). "E3 2002: Kuru Kuru Kururin Coming Stateside" (in en). https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/05/21/e3-2002-kuru-kuru-kururin-coming-stateside. 
  64. ↑ Gantayat, Anoop (2004-10-14). "Kururin Squash Playtest". https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/10/14/kururin-squash-playtest. 
  65. ↑ Gardner, Matt (2017-04-19). "Kuru Kuru Kururin (2001, Game Boy Advance)" (in en-GB). https://www.gametripper.co.uk/games/game-boy-advance/kuru-kuru-kururin/. 
  66. ↑ HAL Laboratory (December 3, 2001). Super Smash Bros. Melee. GameCube. Nintendo. Scene: Trophies. 
  67. ↑ Sakurai, Masahiro (2008-02-06). "Assist Trophies". Nintendo. http://www.smashbros.com/wii/en_us/items/assist/assist15.html. 
  68. ↑ Sakurai, Masahiro (2008-04-08). "Trophy List". Nintendo. http://www.smashbros.com/wii/en_us/gamemode/various/various36_list.html. 
  69. ↑ Sakurai, Masahiro (2008-04-09). "Sticker List". Nintendo. http://www.smashbros.com/wii/en_us/gamemode/various/various37_list.html. 
  70. ↑ "Every Spirit you can find in Super Smash Bros Ultimate" (in en). 2020-02-28. https://www.imore.com/every-spirit-you-can-find-super-smash-bros-ultimate. 
  71. ↑ Kaluszka, Aaron; Ronaghan, Neal (August 12, 2012). "Nintendo Patent Application Reveals Wii Remote and GamePad Versus Wii Remote and TV Multiplayer". http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/31288/nintendo-patent-application-reveals-wii-remote-and-gamepad-versus-wii-remote-and-tv-multiplayer. 
  72. ↑ Hagues, Alana (2024-07-10). "Nintendo Switch Sports Basketball Update Worked On By Eighting" (in en-GB). https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2024/07/nintendo-switch-sports-basketball-update-worked-on-by-eighting. 
  73. ↑ "いろんな場面で大活躍！". Nintendo. https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ds/ajqj/magic_recomend/index.html. 
  74. ↑ O'Reilly, PJ (2023-07-21). "Pikmin 4: Hero's Hideaway Walkthrough" (in en-GB). https://www.nintendolife.com/guides/pikmin-4-heros-hideaway-walkthrough. 
  75. ↑ Pierik, Jack (2023-07-29). "7 Best Easter Eggs And Hidden Details In Pikmin 4" (in en). https://www.thegamer.com/pikmin-4-best-easter-eggs-hidden-details/. 
  76. ↑ Scullion, Chris (2023-05-06). "Advance Wars reboot director says he wants to make a new Kuru Kuru Kururin or Chibi Robo" (in en-US). https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/advance-wars-reboot-director-says-he-wants-to-make-a-new-kuru-kuru-kururin-or-chibi-robo/. 
  77. ↑ MinnMax (May 5, 2023). Nintendo Abandoned It, These Devs Reimagined It. Retrieved January 27, 2026 – via YouTube.
  78. ↑ Nichols, Scott (2014-09-18). "Limo game Roundabout is well worth a spin" (in en-GB). https://www.digitalspy.com/videogames/a597440/roundabout-review-pc-a-b-movie-crazy-taxi-meets-kururin/. 
  79. ↑ Phillips, Tom (2015-02-17). "Limo-spinning Roundabout turns to Xbox One this Friday" (in en). Eurogamer. https://www.eurogamer.net/limo-spinning-roundabout-turns-to-xbox-one-this-friday. 
  80. ↑ Kukshtel, Kyle (2014-06-20). "Carpe Diem, and other lessons from the death-filled Roundabout" (in en). https://www.killscreen.com/carpe-diem-and-other-lessons-death-filled-roundabout/. 
  81. ↑ Musgrave, Shaun (January 18, 2021). "SwitchArcade Round-Up: Mini-Views With Template:‘Writhe' and More, Template:‘Spinny's Journey' and Today's Other Releases, and the Latest Sales". https://toucharcade.com/2021/01/18/switcharcade-round-up-mini-views-with-writhe-and-more-spinnys-journey-and-todays-other-releases-and-the-latest-sales/. 
  82. ↑ Ronaghan, Neal (October 27, 2022). "Spinfrog: All Aboard The Frogcopter Review Mini - Review Mini". http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/reviewmini/61948/spinfrog-all-aboard-the-frogcopter-switch-review. 

Features

Edits and submissions to the site (including screenshots, box art, developer information, game summaries, and more) go through a verification process of fact-checking by volunteer "approvers".[2] This approval process after submission can range from minutes to days or months.[3] The most commonly used sources are the video game's website, packaging, and credit screens. There is a published standard for game information and copy-editing.[4] A ranking system allows users to earn points for contributing accurate information.[5]

Registered users can rate and review games. Users can create private or public "have" and "want" lists, which can generate a list of games available for trade with other registered users. The site contains an integrated forum. Each listed game can have its own sub-forum.

History

Logo used until March 2014

MobyGames was founded on March 1, 1999, by Jim Leonard and Brian Hirt, and joined by David Berk 18 months later, the three of which had been friends since high school.[6][7] Leonard had the idea of sharing information about computer games with a larger audience. The database began with information about games for IBM PC compatibles, relying on the founders' personal collections. Eventually, the site was opened up to allow general users to contribute information.[5] In a 2003 interview, Berk emphasized MobyGames' dedication to taking video games more seriously than broader society and to preserving games for their important cultural influence.[5]

In mid-2010, MobyGames was purchased by GameFly for an undisclosed amount.[8] This was announced to the community post factum , and the site's interface was given an unpopular redesign.[7] A few major contributors left, refusing to do volunteer work for a commercial website.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025} On December 18, 2013, MobyGames was acquired by Jeremiah Freyholtz, owner of Blue Flame Labs (a San Francisco-based game and web development company) and VGBoxArt (a site for fan-made video game box art).[9] Blue Flame Labs reverted MobyGames' interface to its pre-overhaul look and feel,[10] and for the next eight years, the site was run by Freyholtz and Independent Games Festival organizer Simon Carless.[7]

On November 24, 2021, Atari SA announced a potential deal with Blue Flame Labs to purchase MobyGames for $1.5 million.[11] The purchase was completed on 8 March 2022, with Freyholtz remaining as general manager.[12][13][14] Over the next year, the financial boost given by Atari led to a rework of the site being built from scratch with a new backend codebase, as well as updates improving the mobile and desktop user interface.[1] This was accomplished by investing in full-time development of the site instead of its previously part-time development.[15]

In 2024, MobyGames began offering a paid "Pro" membership option for the site to generate additional revenue.[16] Previously, the site had generated income exclusively through banner ads and (from March 2014 onward) a small number of patrons via the Patreon website.[17]

On February 13, 2025, Freyholtz stepped down as the site lead to move onto new projects, leaving operations to Tracy Poff, a veteran coder on the site, and Atari staff.[18]

See also

  • IGDB – game database used by Twitch for its search and discovery functions

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sheehan, Gavin (2023-02-22). "Atari Relaunches The Fully Rebuilt & Optimized MobyGames Website". https://bleedingcool.com/games/atari-relaunches-the-fully-rebuilt-optimized-mobygames-website/. 
  2. ↑ Litchfield, Ted (2021-11-26). "Zombie company Atari to devour MobyGames". https://www.pcgamer.com/zombie-company-atari-to-devour-mobygames/. 
  3. ↑ "MobyGames FAQ: Emails Answered § When will my submission be approved?". Blue Flame Labs. 30 March 2014. http://www.mobygames.com/info/faq7#g1. 
  4. ↑ "The MobyGames Standards and Practices". Blue Flame Labs. 6 January 2016. http://www.mobygames.com/info/standards. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Miller, Stanley A. (2003-04-22). "People's choice awards honor favorite Web sites". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. 
  6. ↑ "20 Years of MobyGames" (in en). 2019-02-28. https://trixter.oldskool.org/2019/02/28/20-years-of-mobygames/. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Plunkett, Luke (2022-03-10). "Atari Buys MobyGames For $1.5 Million". https://kotaku.com/mobygames-retro-credits-database-imdb-atari-freyholtz-b-1848638521. 
  8. ↑ "Report: MobyGames Acquired By GameFly Media". Gamasutra. 2011-02-07. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/report-mobygames-acquired-by-gamefly-media. 
  9. ↑ Corriea, Alexa Ray (December 31, 2013). "MobyGames purchased from GameFly, improvements planned". http://www.polygon.com/2013/12/31/5261414/mobygames-purchased-from-gamefly-improvements-planned. 
  10. ↑ Wawro, Alex (31 December 2013). "Game dev database MobyGames getting some TLC under new owner". Gamasutra. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/game-dev-database-mobygames-getting-some-tlc-under-new-owner. 
  11. ↑ "Atari invests in Anstream, may buy MobyGames". November 24, 2021. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-11-24-atari-invests-in-anstream-may-buy-mobygames. 
  12. ↑ Rousseau, Jeffrey (2022-03-09). "Atari purchases Moby Games". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/atari-purchases-moby-games. 
  13. ↑ "Atari Completes MobyGames Acquisition, Details Plans for the Site's Continued Support". March 8, 2022. https://www.atari.com/atari-completes-mobygames-acquisition-details-plans-for-the-sites-continued-support/. 
  14. ↑ "Atari has acquired game database MobyGames for $1.5 million" (in en-GB). 2022-03-09. https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/atari-has-acquired-game-database-mobygames-for-1-5-million/. 
  15. ↑ Stanton, Rich (2022-03-10). "Atari buys videogame database MobyGames for $1.5 million". https://www.pcgamer.com/atari-buys-videogame-database-mobygames-for-dollar15-million/. 
  16. ↑ Harris, John (2024-03-09). "MobyGames Offering “Pro” Membership". https://setsideb.com/mobygames-offering-pro-membership/. 
  17. ↑ "MobyGames on Patreon". http://www.patreon.com/mobygames. 
  18. ↑ "An update on MobyGames leadership". 2025-02-13. https://www.mobygames.com/forum/3/thread/269628/an-update-on-mobygames-leadership/#post-269628. 
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