Swatting

From HandWiki
Short description: Criminal harassment tactic
An FBI SWAT team during training

Swatting is a criminal harassment act of deceiving an emergency service (via such means as hoaxing an emergency services dispatcher) into sending a police or emergency service response team to another person's address. This is triggered by false reporting of a serious law enforcement emergency, such as a bomb threat, murder, hostage situation, or a false report of a mental health emergency, such as reporting that a person is allegedly suicidal or homicidal and may be armed, among other things.[1]

The term is derived from the law enforcement unit "SWAT" (special weapons and tactics), a specialized type of police unit in the United States . These units are equipped with tactical gear and weapons that differ from patrol units, and are called to situations that are deemed high-risk. A threat may result in the evacuations of schools and businesses. Advocates have called for swatting to be described as terrorism due to its use to intimidate and create the risk of injury or death.[2][3]

Making false reports to emergency services is a criminal offense in many jurisdictions, often punishable by fine or imprisonment.[4] In March 2019, a California man was sentenced to 20 years in prison for carrying out a fatal 2017 swatting.[5] Swatting carries a high risk of violence, and causes resources of about $10,000 per incident to be wasted by the city or county when responding to a false report of a serious law enforcement emergency, as well as liability if things go wrong.[6]:1[7][8][9] In California , swatters bear the "full cost" of the response which can lead to fines up to $10,000 if great bodily injury or death occur as a result of the swatting.[10][11]

History

Bomb threats were a concern to police in the 1970s, with some public buildings such as airports being evacuated in response to hoax calls that were designed to cause mass panic and public disruption,[12][13] or to delay exams at educational institutions.[14][15] In recent decades, hoax callers sometimes make use of techniques to disguise their identity or country of origin.[16]

Swatting has origins in prank calls to emergency services. Over the years, callers used increasingly sophisticated techniques to direct response units of particular types. In particular, attempts to have SWAT teams be dispatched to particular locations spawned the term swatting. The term was used by the FBI as early as 2008,[17] and has also entered into Oxford Dictionaries Online in 2015.[18]

In 2019 the Anti-Defamation League estimated that there were about 1,000 swattings nationwide, with each incident costing about $10,000 of direct police time.[9]

Techniques

Caller ID spoofing, social engineering, TTY, prank calls, and phone phreaking techniques may be variously combined by swatting perpetrators. 911 systems (including computer telephony systems and human operators) have been tricked by calls placed from cities hundreds of miles away from the location of the purported call, or even from other countries.[19] The caller typically places a 911 call using a spoofed phone number (so as to hide the fraudulent caller's real location) with the goal of tricking emergency authorities into responding with a SWAT team to a fabricated emergency.

Swatting is linked to the action of doxing, which is obtaining and broadcasting, often via the Internet, the address and details of an individual with an intent to harass or endanger them.[20]

Measures against swatting

In October 2018, the Seattle Police Department took a three-pronged approach to combating swatting: educating 911 dispatchers to identify potential swatting calls, ensuring responding officers are aware of the potential for a hoax situation, and creating an opt-in registry for people who fear that they might become victims of swatting, such as journalists, celebrities, or live streamers. Using the registry, these people can provide cautionary information to the police, which will inform officers responding to potential swatting attempts targeted at the victim's address.[6][21]

Security reporter Brian Krebs recommends that police departments take extra care when responding to calls received at their non-emergency numbers, or through text-to-speech services (TTY), since these methods are often employed by out-of-area swatters who cannot connect to the regional 911 center.[22]:1

In September 2019, the Seattle Police Department formed the Swatting Mitigation Advisory Committee, a group of subject matter experts, both community and police representatives. The purpose of the committee is to better understand swatting by collecting and analyzing data, formalizing protocols, and advocating for broader awareness and prevention. The committee is currently co-chaired by Naveed Jamali and Sean Whitcomb, creator of the anti-swatting registry.[23]

In June 2023, the FBI announced that it will create a database to track swattings and improve information sharing among local police agencies.[9]

Laws

United States

Representative Katherine Clark of Massachusetts (D), sponsor of the Interstate Swatting Hoax Act of 2015

In the United States , swatting can be prosecuted through federal criminal statutes:

  • "Threatening interstate communications"[24]
  • "Conspiracy to retaliate against a witness, victim, or informant"[25][26]
  • "Conspiracy to commit access device fraud and unauthorized access of a protected computer"[25][27]
  • An accomplice may be found guilty of "conspiring to obstruct justice"[28][29]
  • In California, callers bear the "full cost" of the response which can range up to $10,000[10]

In 2011, California State Senator Ted Lieu authored a bill to increase penalties for swatting. His own family became a victim of swatting when the bill was proposed.[30] A dozen police officers, along with firefighters and paramedics surrounded his family home.

In 2015, New Jersey State Assemblyman Paul D. Moriarty announced a bill[31] to increase sentences for hoax emergency calls, and was targeted by a hoax.[32][33] The bill proposed prison sentences up to ten years and fines up to $150,000.

A 2015 bipartisan bill in Congress sponsored by Katherine Clark and Patrick Meehan made swatting a federal crime with increased penalties.[34][35] Congresswoman Clark wrote an op-ed in The Hill saying that 2.5 million cases of cyberstalking between 2010 and 2013 had only resulted in 10 cases prosecuted, although a source for this was not provided.[36][37] As revenge for the bill, an anonymous caller fraudulently called police to Rep. Clark's house on January 31, 2016.[38]

Injuries or deaths due to swatting

2015 incident

On January 15, 2015, in Sentinel, Washita County, Oklahoma, dispatchers received 911 calls from someone who identified himself as Dallas Horton and told dispatchers he had placed a bomb in a local preschool. Washita County sheriff's deputies and Sentinel police chief Louis Ross made forced entry into Horton's residence. Ross, who was wearing a bulletproof vest, was shot several times by Horton. Further investigation revealed that the calls did not originate from the residence, and led Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation agents to believe Horton was unaware that it was law enforcement officers making entry. James Edward Holly confessed to investigators that he made the calls with two "nonfunctioning" phones because he was angry with Horton.[39] Ross, who was shot multiple times in the chest and arm, was injured, but was treated for his wounds, and released from a local hospital.[40]

2017 incident

On December 28, 2017, a Wichita police officer shot a civilian named Andrew Finch in Finch's Wichita, Kansas, residence in a swatting incident. Finch later died at a hospital. Based on a series of screenshotted Twitter posts, the Wichita Eagle suggests that Finch was the unintended victim of the swatting after two Call of Duty players on the same team got into a heated argument about a US$1.50 bet. On December 29, 2017, the Los Angeles Police Department arrested 25-year-old serial swatter Tyler Raj Barriss, known online as "SWAuTistic" and on Xbox Live as "GoredTutor36", in connection with the incident.[41][42][43][44] In 2018, Barriss was indicted by a federal grand jury along with two others involved in the incident. According to U.S. Attorney Stephen McAllister, the hoax charge carries a maximum punishment of life in federal prison while other charges carry sentences of up to 20 years.[45] On March 29, 2019, Barriss was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment.[46] The gamer that recruited Barriss in the bet pleaded guilty to felony charges of conspiracy and obstruction of justice, and was sentenced to prison for 15 months as well as a two-year ban on playing video games.[47]

2020 incident

On April 27, 2020, Mark Herring, a sixty-year-old man from Bethpage, Tennessee, died of a heart attack after police responded to false reports of a woman being killed at Herring's house. The swatting was organized in an attempt to force the man to give up his Twitter handle "@tennessee". Shane Sonderman was sentenced to five years in prison for the swatting, and ordered to pay a $250,000 fine. A minor in the United Kingdom was also involved, but he cannot be extradited or identified due to being underage.[48][49]

Other notable cases

Video game streamers

Due to the popularity of streaming services, many broadcasters became the victim of swatting. Two weeks after the Fortnite World Cup Finals, where 16-year-old "Kyle "Bugha" Giersdorf" won $3 million and the title of best solo Fortnite player, he was swatted while streaming live on Twitch.[50] Ben "DrLupo" Lupo stated he was swatted three times in one month.[51] Other popular gaming broadcasters have been victims of swatting, including Tyler "Ninja" Blevins.[52]

2013

In 2013, a number of U.S. celebrities became the victims of swatting, including Sean Combs (P. Diddy).[53] In the past, there have been swatting incidents at the residences of Ashton Kutcher, Tom Cruise, Chris Brown, Miley Cyrus, Iggy Azalea, Jason Derulo, Snoop Dogg, Justin Bieber, and Clint Eastwood.[10]

In April 2013 California State Senator Ted Lieu, who at the time pushed for anti-swatting laws in the state, was swatted.[54]

In 2013, a network of fraudsters involved in carding and doxing of public officials using stolen credit reports targeted computer security expert Brian Krebs with malicious police reports.[55][56] Mir Islam, the leader of the group, had also used swatting hoaxes against prosecutor Stephen P. Heymann, congressman Mike Rogers, and against a girl he was cyberstalking who turned down his romantic proposals. Islam was convicted for doxing and swatting over 50 public figures, including Michelle Obama, Robert Mueller, John Brennan as well as Krebs, and was sentenced to two years in prison.[57] The Ukrainian computer hacker Sergey Vovnenko was convicted of trafficking in stolen credit cards, as well as planning to purchase heroin, ship it to Brian Krebs, and then swat him.[58] He was sentenced to 15 months in prison in Italy, and 41 months in prison in New Jersey.[59]

2014

Hal Finney, a paralyzed computer scientist with ALS, was swatted in 2014 after refusing to pay a $400,000 ransom. Finney faced cold, unsafe conditions on his lawn for a half hour while police were clearing his house. He continued receiving threats until his death in August 2014.[60]

2022

In July 2022, Emmet G. Sullivan, a U.S. federal judge presiding over cases pertaining to the January 6 United States Capitol attack, was the victim of a swatting incident.[61]

On August 5, 2022, Canadian transgender streamer and political commentator Clara "Keffals" Sorrenti was swatted at her home by unknown individuals who impersonated her, and sent a threatening email and photo of an illegal firearm to London city councillors. It is presumed this is due to a harassment campaign carried out by Kiwi Farms, dating back to March 21, 2022.[62] Sorrenti claims she was repeatedly misgendered and deadnamed by London Police officers, and placed into custody for 11 hours before being released without charges. Sorrenti states she believes the incident to be a hate crime, as a result of prejudice and harassment towards transgender people due to anti-LGBTQ movements within the United States.[63] The London Police Service responded with a statement from Chief of Police Steve Williams. He asserts that while he cannot confirm any language used before Sorrenti's arrest, she was not addressed by her deadname or previous gender while inside the agency's holding cells. He also states any reference to Sorrenti's deadname during the investigation seems to stem from the existence of prior police reports she had accumulated before this event.[64] Three other streamers, Adin Ross, Nadia Amine, and IShowSpeed, were also swatted the same week as Sorrenti.[65]

In August 2022, U.S. representative Marjorie Taylor Greene was swatted in Georgia by a caller who allegedly opposed Greene's stances on transgender rights.[66]

2023

In November 2023, Ned Luke, voice and performance artist for the fictional character Michael De Santa in the video game Grand Theft Auto V, was swatted in his home during a Thanksgiving live-stream of himself playing the game. Luke took a phone call warning him before he prematurely put an end to his stream.[67][68]

There have been widespread doxing, swatting, and violent threats made against American politicians since early December 2023, predominately among those who are members of the Republican Party or conservatives.[69] Beginning in late December 2023, members of the Democratic Party began to be increasingly targeted as well.[70] The motivations, and whether it is the product of one or multiple individuals, is presently unknown.[69]

Maine Sec. of State Shenna Bellows was targeted with a fake emergency call to police that resulted in officers responding to her home the day after she removed former President Donald Trump from Maine's Presidential Primary Ballot under the Constitution’s insurrection clause.[71] Bellows and her husband were not home for the holiday weekend. At Bellows’ request, police conducted an exterior sweep of the house and then checked inside. Nothing suspicious was found, though an investigation was opened to locate the perpetrator/s. No persons have yet been charged.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wipond, Rob (December 2013). "An Overabundance of Caution". Focusonline.ca. http://focusonline.ca/sites/default/files/Focus%20Feature%20Rob%20Wipond%20December%202013.pdf. 
  2. ↑ Enzweiler, Matthew James (2015). "Swatting Political Discourse: A Domestic Terrorism Threat". Notre Dame L. Rev. 90 (5). https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol90/iss5/9/. Retrieved January 14, 2018. 
  3. ↑ Belanger, Ashley (June 30, 2023). "FBI finally tracks "swatting" incidents as attacks increase nationwide". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/06/fbi-finally-tracks-swatting-incidents-as-attacks-increase-nationwide/. 
  4. ↑ Healy, Patrick (November 7, 2013). "Online Gamer Sentenced in Ventura County "Swatting" Hoax". NBC Los Angeles. https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/irate-online-gamer-sentenced-in-ventura-county-swatting-hoax/2080834/. 
  5. ↑ Madani, Doha (March 29, 2019). "Serial 'swatter' sentenced to 20 years for death of Kansas man shot by police". https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/serial-swatter-tyler-barriss-sentenced-20-years-death-kansas-man-n978291. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Solon, Olivia; Zadrozny, Brandy (2019-12-22). "Trolls turned 911 into a weapon. Now cops are fighting back - Once viewed as a prank, police are now treating 'swatting' as a serious crime that wastes city resources and puts targets' lives at risk.". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1105991. 
  7. ↑ Mulvaney, Nicole (June 18, 2015). "Recent wave of swatting nationwide fits definition of terrorism, Princeton police chief says". http://www.nj.com/mercer/index.ssf/2015/06/princeton_swatting_incidents_schools_malls_hoaxes.html. 
  8. ↑ Liebl, Lance (October 28, 2014). "The dangers and ramifications of doxxing and swatting". http://www.gamezone.com/originals/the-dangers-and-ramifications-of-doxxing-and-swatting. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Ward, Jacob; Kolodny, Lora (2023-06-29). "The FBI has formed a national database to track and prevent 'swatting' - Advances in technology allow callers to mask their voices, phone numbers or IP addresses (also called "spoofing") or make their false 911 calls sound more credible.". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/fbi-formed-national-database-track-prevent-swatting-rcna91722. "By 2019, there were an estimated 1,000 swatting incidents domestically each year, according to a report from the Anti-Defamation League, and each incident is estimated to cost at least $10,000 to affected communities, even before expenditures on follow-up work like investigations, property repairs and counseling." 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Black, Jeff (September 11, 2013). "California governor signs bill to crack down on celebrity 'swatting'". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/california-governor-signs-bill-crack-down-celebrity-swatting-flna8c11126441. 
  11. ↑ "California Penal Code § 148.3(b)". California Office of Legislative Counsel. September 9, 2013. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=148.3. Retrieved February 19, 2022. 
  12. ↑ Bomb Threats and Search Techniques. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. 1976. https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=60899. Retrieved December 31, 2017. 
  13. ↑ Bomb threats against US airports, 1974. Federal Aviation Administration. https://www.ncjrs.gov/app/publications/abstract.aspx?id=28883. Retrieved December 31, 2017. 
  14. ↑ Klein, Mariel A. (November 25, 2014). "One Year Later, Kim Apologizes for Bomb Threat Hoax". Harvard Crimson. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2014/11/25/eldo-kim-apology-threat/. 
  15. ↑ "FBI — Harvard Student Charged with Bomb Hoax". FBI. https://www.fbi.gov/boston/press-releases/2013/harvard-student-charged-with-bomb-hoax. 
  16. ↑ Ax, Joseph (August 9, 2017). "Bomb threat suspect in Israel offered services on dark web: U.S. authorities". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-security-jewish/bomb-threat-suspect-in-israel-offered-services-on-dark-web-u-s-authorities-idUSKBN1AO2BP. 
  17. ↑ "Don't Make the Call: The New Phenomenon of 'Swatting'". Federal Bureau of Investigation. February 4, 2008. https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/news/stories/2008/february/swatting020408. 
  18. ↑ "From bants to manspreading: what's new in the oxforddictionaries.com". The Guardian. August 27, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/aug/27/hangry-bants-fatberg-new-words-in-oxforddictionaries. 
  19. ↑ Prentice, George (April 13, 2013). "UPDATE: Meridian Teen Charged With Conspiracy With Australian Youth To Make Bomb Threats To Schools, Businesses". Boiseweekly.com. http://www.boiseweekly.com/CityDesk/archives/2013/04/13/update-meridian-teen-conspired-with-australian-youth-to-make-bomb-threats-to-schools-businesses. 
  20. ↑ Bailey, Poland (2016). Haters: Harassment, Abuse, and Violence Online. Lincoln: Potomac Books. pp. 55. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1fq9wdp. ISBN 9781612347660. OCLC 962184824. 
  21. ↑ Lane, Rick (October 2, 2018). "Seattle police launch opt-in registry system to help prevent swatting". https://www.pcgamer.com/seattle-police-launch-opt-in-registry-system-to-help-prevent-swatting/. 
  22. ↑ Krebs, Brian (2019-03-29). "Man Behind Fatal 'Swatting' Gets 20 Years". https://krebsonsecurity.com/2019/03/man-behind-fatal-swatting-gets-20-years/. 
  23. ↑ "Protect Yourself from Swatting". Seattle Police Department. seattle.gov. https://www.seattle.gov/police/need-help/swatting. 
  24. ↑ 18 U.S.C. § 875
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Individual Pleads Guilty in Swatting Conspiracy Case". FBI (Press release). January 29, 2009. Archived from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  26. ↑ 18 U.S.C. § 1513
  27. ↑ 18 U.S.C. § 1030
  28. ↑ "Last Defendant Sentenced in Swatting Conspiracy" (Press release). fbi.gov. November 16, 2009. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  29. ↑ 18 U.S.C. § 371
  30. ↑ Altman, Larry (April 19, 2013). "Sen. Ted Lieu, author of anti-'swatting' bill, becomes a swatting victim". dailybreeze.com. https://www.dailybreeze.com/2013/04/19/sen-ted-lieu-author-of-anti-swatting-bill-becomes-a-swatting-victim/. 
  31. ↑ "A3877". http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2014/Bills/A4000/3877_I1.HTM. 
  32. ↑ Friedman, Matt (April 15, 2015). "N.J. lawmaker who wants to combat dangerous 'swatting' prank gets swatted". NJ.com. https://www.nj.com/politics/2015/04/nj_lawmaker_who_wants_to_combat_dangerous_swatting.html. 
  33. ↑ Brush, Chase (May 11, 2015). "Moriarty's 'swatting' bill passes Assembly Homeland Security Committee". https://observer.com/2015/05/moriarty-swatting-bill-passes-assembly-committee/. 
  34. ↑ "Text - H.R.4057 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Interstate Swatting Hoax Act". December 4, 2015. https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/4057/text. 
  35. ↑ "Bipartisan Bill Aims to Combat Dangerous 'Swatting' Hoaxes". meehan.house.gov (Press release). November 18, 2015. Archived from the original on December 31, 2017. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  36. ↑ Machkovech, Sam. "Congressperson asks DoJ to 'intensify enforcement' of online harassment laws" (in en-us). Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/03/congressperson-asks-doj-to-intensify-enforcement-of-online-harassment-laws/. 
  37. ↑ "Sexism in cyberspace". TheHill. March 10, 2015. http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/235070-sexism-in-cyberspace. 
  38. ↑ "Police swarm Katherine Clark's home after apparent hoax – The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/02/01/cops-swarm-rep-katherine-clark-melrose-home-after-apparent-hoax/yqEpcpWmKtN6bOOAj8FZXJ/story.html. 
  39. ↑ "Court document reveals more about Sentinel, OK, bomb threat". NewsOK.com. January 22, 2015. http://newsok.com/court-document-reveals-more-about-sentinel-ok-bomb-threat/article/5386857. 
  40. ↑ Richinick, Michele (January 19, 2015). "No charges for man who shot police chief in Oklahoma". MSNBC. https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/no-charges-man-who-shot-police-chief-oklahoma-msna508901. 
  41. ↑ Manna, Nicole (December 29, 2017). "Call of Duty gaming community points to 'swatting' in deadly Wichita police shooting" (in en-US). The Wichita Eagle. http://www.kansas.com/news/local/crime/article192111974.html. 
  42. ↑ Darrah, Nicole (December 29, 2017). "Kansas police investigate whether fatal shooting was result of prank called 'swatting'" (in en-US). Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/12/29/kansas-police-investigate-whether-fatal-shooting-was-result-prank-called-swatting.html. 
  43. ↑ Sommerfeldt, Chris (December 29, 2017). "Kansas man shot to death by police was reportedly unintended victim of 'Call of Duty' 'swatting' prank" (in en-US). New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/kan-man-killed-cops-victim-swatting-prank-article-1.3726171. Sommerfeldt, Chris (December 29, 2017). "Kan. man killed by cops was victim of 'swatting' prank" (in en). http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/kan-man-killed-cops-victim-swatting-prank-article-1.3726171. 
  44. ↑ Krebs, Brian (December 29, 2017). "Kansas Man Killed In 'SWATting' Attack" (in en-US). https://krebsonsecurity.com/2017/12/kansas-man-killed-in-swatting-attack/. 
  45. ↑ Gonzales, Suzannah (May 23, 2018). "California man, two others indicted in fatal Kansas 'swatting' case" (in en-US). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kansas-swatting/california-man-two-others-indicted-in-fatal-kansas-swatting-case-idUSKCN1IP065. 
  46. ↑ Almasy, Steve; Alonso, Melissa (March 29, 2019). "His 'swatting' call led to the death of a man. Now he is going to prison for 20 years.". https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/29/us/swatting-suspect-20-year-sentence/index.html. 
  47. ↑ Hegeman, Roxana (September 13, 2019). "Ohio gamer sentenced to 15 months prison in 'swatting' case". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/general-news-b54996cd2d154bf8a5a2d51a3bb3ae56. 
  48. ↑ Denis, Alex (July 14, 2021). "'Swatting' call leads to death of Sumner County man targeted for his Twitter handle". WKRN News. https://www.wkrn.com/news/swatting-call-leads-to-death-of-tn-man-targeted-for-twitter-handle/. 
  49. ↑ Thubron, Rob (July 20, 2021). "A grandfather died of a heart attack after minors swatted him over his rare Twitter handle". TechSpot. https://www.techspot.com/news/90483-grandfather-died-heart-attack-after-minors-swatted-over.html. 
  50. ↑ Gonzalez, Oscar (August 13, 2019). "Fortnite world champion 'swatted' while streaming on Twitch" (in en). https://www.cnet.com/tech/gaming/fortnite-world-champion-swatted-while-streaming-on-twitch/. 
  51. ↑ Robinson, Sean (March 3, 2020). "Gamer Face On" (in en). Omaha Magazine. https://www.omahamagazine.com/2020/03/03/300894/gamer-face-on. 
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  54. ↑ "Anti-Swatting Politician Gets 'Swatted'" (in en-US). April 19, 2013. https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/report-anti-swatting-politician-gets-swatted/. 
  55. ↑ Vaas, Lisa (July 15, 2016). "Serial swatter, stalker and doxer Mir Islam given 2 years prison". Sophos. https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2016/07/15/serial-swatter-stalker-and-doxer-mir-islam-given-2-years-prison/. 
  56. ↑ Vaas, Lisa (March 17, 2013). "Hackers launch DDoS attack on security blogger's site, send SWAT team to his home". Sophos. https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2013/03/17/swat-ddos-brian-krebs/. 
  57. ↑ Vaas, Lisa (February 21, 2017). "Thugs who sent Brian Krebs heroin and a SWAT team sentenced". Sophos. https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2017/02/21/thugs-who-sent-brian-krebs-heroin-and-a-swat-team-sentenced/. 
  58. ↑ "Ukrainian hacker gets 41 months in prison for leading online theft ring". February 16, 2017. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sergey-vovnenko-ukrainian-hacker-gets-41-months-in-prison-for-leading-online-theft-ring/. 
  59. ↑ "Ukrainian Citizen Sentenced To 41 Months In Prison For Using Army Of 13,000 Infected Computers To Loot Log-In Credentials, Payment Card Data". Justice.gov (Press release). 2017-02-16. Archived from the original on December 29, 2022. Retrieved 2021-09-20.
  60. ↑ McMillan, Robert (29 December 2014). "An Extortionist Has Been Making Life Hell for Bitcoin's Earliest Adopters". Wired. https://www.wired.com/2014/12/finney-swat/. 
  61. ↑ Tillman, Zoe (October 1, 2022). "A Jan. 6 Judge Was Targeted in a SWAT Hoax. He Likely Won't Be the Last". Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-01/jan-6-judge-targeted-in-swat-hoax-likely-won-t-be-the-last. 
  62. ↑ Carruthers, Dale (August 17, 2022). "First 'swatting' and now 'doxing': online harassment of trans activist continues" (in en-CA). https://lfpress.com/news/local-news/first-swatting-and-now-doxing-online-harassment-of-trans-activist-continues. 
  63. ↑ Dodgson, Lindsay (August 10, 2022). "Trans Twitch streamer Keffals arrested at gunpoint in swatting attack" (in en-US). https://www.insider.com/trans-twitch-streamer-keffals-arrested-swatted-2022-8. 
  64. ↑ Williams, Steve (2022-08-11). "Statement From Police Chief Williams August 2022". www.londonpolice.ca (Press release). Archived from the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  65. ↑ Grayson, Nathan (August 15, 2022). "Twitch streamers traumatized after four 'swattings' in a week" (in en-US). The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/video-games/2022/08/15/keffals-adin-ross-ishowspeed-swatting-twitch-youtube/. 
  66. ↑ Breuninger, Kevin (August 24, 2022). "Georgia cops respond to 'swatting' call at home of Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/24/cops-go-to-home-of-rep-marjorie-taylor-greene-in-response-to-swatting-call.html. 
  67. ↑ Myers, Megan (November 24, 2023). "'Grand Theft Auto 5' actor victim of prank call during livestream: 'Now these a--holes have swatted my house'". Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/media/grand-theft-auto-5-actor-victim-prank-call-livestream-now-holes-swatted-house. 
  68. ↑ Dinsdale, Ryan (November 24, 2023). "Actor Who Played Michael in GTA 5 Swatted While Streaming, Defends Rockstar Despite Fan Outcry". ign.com. https://www.ign.com/articles/actor-who-played-michael-in-gta-5-swatted-while-streaming-defends-rockstar-despite-fan-outcry. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Paybarah, Azi (December 29, 2023). "Marjorie Taylor Greene isn't the only politician to be a swatting target" (in en-US). Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/12/28/marjorie-taylor-greene-others-swatted-christmas/. 
  70. ↑ Corbett, Jessica (2023-12-31). "Threats Rise as Courts Decide Trump's 2024 Ballot in Maine, Colorado" (in en-US). https://truthout.org/articles/threats-rise-as-courts-decide-trumps-2024-ballot-in-maine-colorado/. 
  71. ↑ Thiessen, Mark (December 31, 2023). "Maine State Official Who Removed Trump From Ballot Was Targeted In Swatting Call At Her Home". https://www.huffpost.com/entry/maine-secretary-of-state-swatting_n_6590dec8e4b0cd3cf0e5821c. 

Further reading



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