Social:Kiwi Farms

From HandWiki
Short description: Web forum
Kiwi Farms
KiwiFarmsLogo.svg
Type of site
Forum
Available inEnglish, with an "Internationale Clique" subforum for non-English discussions
OwnerJoshua "Null" Moon
Parent1776 Solutions LLC (previously Final Solutions LLC)[1]
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional (required to participate and view certain content)
Users16,000 daily logins, as of 2022[2]
LaunchedFebruary 4, 2013; 11 years ago (2013-02-04)

Kiwi Farms, formerly known as CWCki Forums (/ˈkwɪki/ KWIH-kee), is a web forum that facilitates the discussion and harassment of online figures and communities. Their targets are often subject to organized group trolling and stalking, as well as doxxing and real-life harassment.[3][4][5] These actions have tied Kiwi Farms to the suicides of three people targeted by members of the forum.[15]

Kiwi Farms' connection to several controversies and harassment campaigns has caused the forum to be blocked by Internet service providers or refused service by companies. After the Christchurch mosque shootings, some Internet service providers in New Zealand blocked the site. In 2021, after the suicide of Near, a non-binary software developer who was subject to targeted and organised group harassment by members of the site, DreamHost stopped providing their domain registration services to Kiwi Farms. In September 2022, Kiwi Farms was blocked by Cloudflare due to "an imminent and emergency threat to human life". Following intermittent availability, The Daily Dot confirmed VanwaTech was providing content delivery network services to the site, which brought it back online.

In September 2022, Kiwi Farms suffered a data breach; the site operator told users to assume that IP addresses, email addresses, and passwords had been leaked.[16][17]

History

Kiwi Farms was founded in 2013 by Joshua Conner Moon (known as "Null" on the website), a former 8chan administrator.[18][19][2][20] It was originally launched as a forum website to troll and harass a webcomic artist who was first noticed in 2007 on the Something Awful forums.[21][3][22]:8–9 Eventually, an Encyclopedia Dramatica page was created about the artist. A dedicated wiki, titled "CWCki" based on the artist's initials, was created by people who felt that the Encyclopedia Dramatica entry was not detailed or accurate enough.[3] Kiwi Farms was originally called "CWCki Forums"[23] before "Kiwi Farms" was coined in 2014.[3] It now hosts threads targeting many individuals, including minorities, women, LGBT people, neurodivergent people, people considered by Kiwi Farms users to be mentally ill or sexually deviant, feminists, journalists, Internet celebrities, video game or comics hobbyists, and far-right personalities.[3][4][2]

(As of 2022), the site had 16,000 daily logins, according to the site's administrators.[2] Katelyn Burns, who had been targeted by the site, described its audience as "terminally online people from a wide range of political ideologies, from far right and anti-trans feminist types to edgy lefties obsessed with consuming internet drama", while noting that "of particular interest to many of the site's users have been trans people, who they have labeled 'troons', a derogatory portmanteau of 'tranny' and 'goon'".[24]

Harassment

The targets of Kiwi Farms threads are often subject to organized group trolling, harassment, and stalking, including real-life harassment by users.[3][5] The site targets transgender people,[25][26][27][28] people with disabilities,[27][29] those its users believe to be neurodivergent,[27][29][28] and members of the far-right.[30][31] Tactics include publishing their victims' personal information ("doxxing"), trying to get them fired from their jobs, reporting crimes at their addresses in an attempt to have police dispatched to their homes ("swatting"), and harassing their family members and friends. Some of Kiwi Farms' harassment campaigns have continued for months or years, and some aim to drive the targets to suicide.[4][32] Both the site's owner Moon and the userbase of Kiwi Farms have been described as antisemitic, with Kiwi Farms users targeting a transgender Jewish convert with antisemitic abuse.[33][34]

Clara Sorrenti, a transgender activist and Twitch streamer under the name "Keffals", was doxxed on Kiwi Farms in a thread dedicated to discussing her. Users on the site posted personal information about her (e.g. addresses, phone numbers) as well as that of her friends and family. Users also leaked sexually explicit photos of her and made death threats.[35][36] She was later swatted, arrested, and detained for over ten hours in August 2022 when someone stole her identity and sent fake emails to local politicians threatening mass violence. She was later cleared of any wrongdoing, and police acknowledged the incident as a swatting attempt. Users also posted the address of an unrelated man who lives in the same city and shares her last name, and police were also sent to his residence. After the swatting incident, Sorrenti said she moved out of her home and into a hotel for her safety.[37][38] After she posted a photograph of her cat on the hotel bed, Kiwi Farms users identified the hotel from the bedsheets in the photograph, and sent multiple pizza orders to the hotel under her deadname. "Obviously, the pizza itself isn't the problem. It's the threat they send by telling me they know where I live and are willing to act on it in the real world," she said in a video after the incident.[37][38][39] Sorrenti later fled the country after her location was identified again, reportedly by someone who hacked her Uber account.[40] The incidents are being investigated as criminal harassment, and Sorrenti stated she intended to pursue legal action.[38][41][42] Sorrenti also promoted a campaign to pressure Cloudflare into terminating its services to the website.[4][43]

On August 24, 2022, U.S. Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene stated in an interview with NewsMax that she was swatted twice by an individual claiming to be Kiwifarms moderator "AltisticRight". She demanded that the website be shut down, saying "There should be no business or any kind of service where you can target your enemy. That's absolutely absurd and this is the type of lawlessness that Democrats want all over the country". Cloudflare suspended a service to the website that allowed them to customize error messages in response.[44][45][6]

Terminations of service

Kiwi Farms used services from Cloudflare, an American hosting and web security services provider. The services include DDoS protection, and distribution through Cloudflare's content delivery network.[46] Following Kiwi Farms' harassment campaign against Sorrenti, in August 2022 a campaign was started to try to convince Cloudflare to stop providing services to the site.[47][48] NBC News claims this was done in order to enable "debilitating virtual attacks" against Kiwi Farms.[49] While Cloudflare initially defended their decision to keep working with Kiwi Farms, on September 3, 2022, Cloudflare officially blocked the site from using its services.[6][50] People attempting to visit the site saw an error message explaining that the decision had been made due to "an imminent and emergency threat to human life".[51][52] Cloudflare CEO Matthew Prince stated that the company acted because "the rhetoric on the Kiwifarms site and specific, targeted threats [had] escalated over the last 48 hours" at the time of the decision.[52][50] Other middleware providers, such as hCaptcha, followed suit in halting support for Kiwi Farms.[53][54]

Though the site was briefly offline due to Cloudflare's decision,[55] it was back online "intermittently" on September 4, 2022, with the Russian-based service provider DDoS-Guard and a Russian domain that had been registered on July 12, 2021.[14][56][57] NBC analyst and former FBI Assistant Director for Counterintelligence Frank Figliuzzi said that by switching to Russian servers, Kiwi Farms "could easily become an increased threat of domestic terror".[53] DDoS-Guard stopped providing services to Kiwi Farms on September 5, 2022, also rendering the site's Russian domain inaccessible.[58][2] The Internet Archive excluded Kiwi Farms from being archived at the Wayback Machine during this time.[59][54]

Moon has since claimed that the takedown of Kiwi Farms was "an organized attack", and that there is "a coalition of criminals trying to frame the forum for their behavior" which provides "opportunities for professional victims to amplify their message". Moon also commented that he did not see a realistic scenario for Kiwi Farms to stay online.[60] On September 6, 2022, The Daily Dot confirmed that VanwaTech was providing content delivery network services to the site, hence bringing it back online.[61][62] Other websites running on VanwaTech infrastructure experienced availability problems as a result, including The Daily Stormer and 8chan.[63]

Suicides of harassment targets

Harassment campaigns by Kiwi Farms users are known to have contributed to the suicides of at least three individuals.[15] The Kiwi Farms community considers it a goal to drive its targets to suicide, and has celebrated such deaths with a counter on the website.[22]:55, 61 They have used social media reporting systems to mass-report posts by harassment targets in which they have expressed suicidal thoughts or intentions, with the goal of reducing the possibility their targets receive help.[22]:91

In 2013, American video game developer Chloe Sagal became a Kiwi Farms target after Eurogamer reported Sagal's Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign had been flagged for "suspicious activity". Sagal had raised over $30,000 on the platform for metal poisoning treatment to remove shrapnel from a car accident, but Eurogamer reported that Sagal had actually intended to use the proceeds for sex reassignment surgery. Sagal later died via self-immolation on June 19, 2018,[64][65] which several reports attributed to years of harassment from Kiwi Farms.[5][9][66]

Julie Terryberry, a Canadian woman, died by suicide in 2016 following sustained harassment from Kiwi Farms users.[9][10][12] Following Terryberry's death, Joshua Moon posted a note on the forum claiming that Kiwi Farms and its users had no responsibility for the suicide.[3]

In a Twitter thread posted on June 27, 2021, Near, a pseudonymous Japan-based software developer known for their work on the video game emulator higan, described long-term harassment from Kiwi Farms users. Near, who was non-binary, said that they had endured lifelong bullying but that the abuse had recently centralized around Kiwi Farms, which had "made the harassment orders of magnitude worse".[5][11][67] Near stated that they and their friends had been doxxed and goaded into suicide by members of the website, and that Near had been mocked for being autistic.[5][11][67] On June 28, Hector Martin posted a link to a Google Doc which he said came from a mutual friend of his and Near's, which said that Near had died by suicide, and alleged that the harassment from Kiwi Farms amounted to murder.[11][67][68] Martin subsequently reported on June 28 that he had spoken to police who confirmed that Near had died the previous day.[11][68] USA Today reported on July 23, 2021, that it had confirmed with Near's former employer that they had died.[5]

Defamation lawsuit

In May 2023, developer advocate Liz Fong-Jones brought a defamation case against the Brisbane-based company Flow Chemical and its director, Vincent Zhen. The lawsuit alleged that the company was helping to keep Kiwi Farms, which has doxxed and targeted her and other LGBT people, online. An interlocutory judgment was made against Flow Chemical and Zhen in July 2023, and in October 2023 they were ordered to pay Fong-Jones $445,000 plus costs.[69]

Other controversies

Christchurch mosque shootings

In March 2019, Kiwi Farms republished both the livestream and the manifesto of Brenton Tarrant, the perpetrator of the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings. Shortly after, website owner Joshua Moon publicly denied a request by New Zealand Police to voluntarily hand over all data on posts about the shooting, including the email and IP addresses of posters.[18] Moon responded aggressively and mockingly, calling New Zealand a "shithole country",[23][18] and stated that he did not "give a single solitary fuck what section 50 of your faggot law says about sharing your email".[70][71] He deemed the request a censorship attempt and argued that New Zealand authorities "do not have the legal reach to imprison everyone who's posted [the video]".[23] Kiwi Farms was one of several websites blocked by New Zealand Internet service providers after the attack.[72] In New Zealand, those who were caught possessing or sharing images or videos of the attack faced charges that could result in 14-year prison sentences.[73][74]

My Immortal fan fiction authorship

In 2017, Tumblr user and young adult fiction writer Rose Christo claimed that she had authored the Harry Potter fan fiction My Immortal, which, Christo said, she had written in order to find her missing brother. She announced that Macmillan Publishers was publishing a memoir, Under the Same Stars: The Search for My Brother and the True Story of My Immortal, about the fan fiction's creation as well as her childhood of abuse and experiences as a Native American in the New York foster care system. A forum thread concerning Christo and discussing her claims was created on Kiwi Farms. Christo's brother responded to the Kiwi Farms thread, saying that her story was nearly entirely false, including their Native American ancestry, their having gone to foster care, and her quest to locate her brother, which formed the center of the memoir.[75][76][better source needed] Christo then admitted that she had falsified documents supporting her story, but maintained that she had written My Immortal.[77] Macmillan Publishers canceled the publication of her memoir.[78][79]

References

  1. ↑ Dress, Brad (September 15, 2022). "Why anti-trans web forum Kiwi Farms was erased from the internet". The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3642685-why-anti-trans-web-forum-kiwi-farms-was-erased-from-the-internet/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Decoding Kiwi Farms, the blocked Internet bully that continues to be a nuisance". Le Monde. September 5, 2022. https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/article/2022/09/05/decoding-kiwi-farms-the-online-bully-that-continues-to-thrive-despite-being-blocked_5995916_13.html. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Pless, Margaret (July 19, 2016). "Kiwi Farms, the Web's Biggest Community of Stalkers". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2016/07/kiwi-farms-the-webs-biggest-community-of-stalkers.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Rosenberg, Scott (August 25, 2022). "Campaign pushes Cloudflare to drop trans hate site". Axios. https://www.axios.com/2022/08/25/cloudflare-trans-hate-site-kiwi-farms. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Dastagir, Alia E. (July 23, 2021). "'The internet is not a game. ... This stuff really hurts.' Respected developer who was bullied online dies by suicide.". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2021/07/23/how-toxic-online-cultures-trolling-and-bullying-contribute-suicide/8042846002/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Menn, Joseph; Lorenz, Taylor (September 3, 2022). "Under pressure, security firm Cloudflare drops KiwiFarms website where stalkers organize". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/03/cloudflare-drops-kiwifarms/. 
  7. ↑ "Situation eskaliert: Hassplattform Kiwi Farms vom Netz genommen". Der Standard. September 4, 2022. https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000138791948/situation-eskaliert-hass-plattform-kiwi-farms-vom-netz-genommen. 
  8. ↑ Baj, Lavender (July 13, 2021). "Kiwi Farms Has 14 Days To Find A New Domain Host After Being Booted Off DreamHost". https://www.kotaku.com.au/2021/07/kiwi-farms-domain-registrar/. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Wodinsky, Shashona (June 29, 2021). "The Worst Site on the Web Gets DDoS'd After Being Connected to Prominent Developer's Suicide". https://gizmodo.com/the-worst-site-on-the-web-gets-ddosd-after-being-connec-1847196197. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Wesolowski, Sébastien (May 27, 2020). "Vaches à lol: dans l'Internet qui harcèle pour s'amuser" (in fr). https://www.vice.com/fr/article/wxq55y/vaches-a-lol-dans-linternet-qui-harcele-pour-samuser. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Kotaku Staff (June 28, 2021). "The Brilliant SNES Emulator Author Known As Near Has Died". Kotaku. https://kotaku.com/the-brilliant-snes-emulator-creator-known-as-near-has-d-1847182851. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Colombo, Charlotte (August 3, 2021). "Kiwi Farms, the forum that has been linked to 3 suicides, was made to troll Chris Chan years before she was arrested on an incest charge". https://www.insider.com/chris-chan-arrest-what-is-kiwifarms-the-forum-exposed-her-2021-8. 
  13. ↑ Hutton, Christopher (August 31, 2022). "Webhost says it won't take down website behind Marjorie Taylor Greene 'swatting'". The Washington Examiner. https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/technology/webhost-wont-take-down-website-mtg-swatting. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Citing imminent danger Cloudflare drops hate site Kiwi Farms". The Associated Press. September 4, 2022. https://apnews.com/article/technology-gay-rights-7d64f7b71736e091a4b5d1b3935551b5. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 [6][7][2][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]
  16. ↑ Goodin, Dan (September 19, 2022). "Kiwi Farms has been breached; assume passwords and emails have been leaked". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/09/kiwi-farms-has-been-breached-assume-passwords-and-emails-have-been-leaked/. 
  17. ↑ Holt, K. (September 19, 2022). "Kiwi Farms says someone hacked its website". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/kiwi-farms-hack-142833516.html. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Bayer, Kurt (April 10, 2019). "Owner of notorious 8chan internet site in bid to deflect blame for role in Christchurch mosque terror attacks". The New Zealand Herald. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12220990. 
  19. ↑ Roth, Emma (September 4, 2022). "Cloudflare blocks Kiwi Farms due to an 'immediate threat to human life'". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/4/23336772/cloudflare-blocks-kiwifarms-immediate-threat-human-life. 
  20. ↑ Thalen, Mikael (December 7, 2020). "Kiwi Farms says it will shut down if Section 230 is repealed". https://www.dailydot.com/debug/kiwi-farms-section-230-repeal/. 
  21. ↑ Asarch, Steven. "The online history of creator Chris Chan, who was charged with incest after leaked audio was posted online about mom". Insider. https://www.insider.com/chris-chan-arrested-trending-who-is-mom-twitter-history-sonichu-2021-8. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Veale, Kevin (2020). "Gaming the Rules". Gaming the Dynamics of Online Harassment. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 87–106. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60410-3_4. ISBN 978-3-030-60410-3. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 "Kiwi Farms website refuses to help police in Christchurch terror case". Newshub. March 18, 2019. https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2019/03/kiwi-farms-website-refuses-to-help-police-in-christchurch-terror-case.html. 
  24. ↑ Burns, Katelyn (September 10, 2022). "Opinion | Kiwi Farms is still a threat to free speech and safety" (in en). https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/kiwi-farms-made-internet-more-dangerous-trans-people-n1298815. 
  25. ↑ Rosenberg, Scott (25 August 2022). "Campaign pushes Cloudflare to drop trans hate site". https://www.axios.com/2022/08/25/cloudflare-trans-hate-site-kiwi-farms. 
  26. ↑ Veale, Kevin (2021). "Salvaging Flawed Discourses Surrounding NZ's 'Counter-Terrorism Legislation Bill'". Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology and Cultural Studies 18 (1): 52–79. doi:10.11157/sites-id496. ISSN 1179-0237. https://sites.otago.ac.nz/Sites/article/view/496. Retrieved September 16, 2022. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Cross, Kathrine (2019). "Toward a formal sociology of online harassment – ProQuest". Human Technology 15 (3): 326. doi:10.17011/ht/urn.201911265023. https://www.proquest.com/openview/a059c20576b1534d9988f5b8d8b00b70/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=5514779. Retrieved 2022-09-16. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "A campaign made it harder to access an anti-trans website linked to multiple suicides". NPR.org. https://www.npr.org/2022/09/12/1122482174/a-campaign-made-it-harder-to-access-an-anti-trans-website-linked-to-multiple-sui. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Solo, A. M. (2019). "Fighting Online Defamation, Doxing, and Impersonation". in Bishop, Jonathan. Perspectives on the Information Society. The Crocels Press Limited. pp. 84. ISBN 978-1-78518-007-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=68TKDwAAQBAJ. Retrieved March 8, 2023. "Joshua Conner Moon operates a neo-Nazi white supremacist hate group and cyberbullying website that targets disabled people, especially people with autism, Jews, Muslims, black people, Hispanics, transgendered, vulnerable people..." 
  30. ↑ "Pro-Trump White Nationalist Group Facing Key Desertions" (in en). June 2, 2022. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2022/06/02/pro-trump-white-nationalist-group-facing-key-desertions. 
  31. ↑ "Illinois Woman With Neo-Nazi Leanings Charged in Canadian Mass Murder Plot" (in en). February 18, 2015. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2015/02/18/illinois-woman-neo-nazi-leanings-charged-canadian-mass-murder-plot. 
  32. ↑ "Harcèlement : l'hébergeur Cloudflare bloque finalement le forum « Kiwi Farms »" (in fr). Le Monde. September 4, 2022. https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2022/09/04/harcelement-l-hebergeur-cloudflare-bloque-finalement-le-forum-kiwi-farms_6140163_4408996.html. 
  33. ↑ Topor, Lev (1 August 2019). "Dark Hatred: Antisemitism on the Dark Web". Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism 2 (2): 25–42. doi:10.26613/jca/2.2.31. ISSN 2472-9906. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.26613/jca_2.2.31/html. Retrieved September 16, 2022. 
  34. ↑ Nachimson, Sarah (2022-09-13). "This trolling website targeted transgender people, Jews and the disabled. Here's how it fell" (in en). https://forward.com/news/517780/kiwi-farms-trolling-website-antisemitism-transgender-harass-4chan/. 
  35. ↑ Dress, Brad (September 4, 2022). "Web security firm Cloudflare drops anti-trans website over 'threat to human life'". The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3629062-web-security-firm-cloudflare-drops-anti-trans-website-over-threat-to-human-life/. 
  36. ↑ "'Immediate threat to human life' – controversial Kiwifarms forum blocked by Cloudflare". The New Zealand Herald. RNZ. September 3, 2022. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/immediate-threat-to-human-life-controversial-kiwifarms-forum-blocked-by-cloudflare/PPEBHA2S2ECMUH5W2JCWZXEU6I/. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Carruthers, Dale (August 18, 2022). "Police sent to Toronto home of man with same last name as London trans activist". The London Free Press. https://lfpress.com/news/local-news/swatted-toronto-man-caught-up-in-online-harassment-of-london-trans-activist. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Bardhan, Ashley (August 19, 2022). "Trans Twitch Streamer Keffals Now 'In Hiding' After Second Dox Attack". https://www.kotaku.com.au/2022/08/trans-twitch-streamer-keffals-now-in-hiding-after-second-dox-attack/. 
  39. ↑ Khan, Ahmar (August 17, 2022). "Twitch streamer and trans woman, Clara Sorrenti allegedly doxxed again". Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/9068032/twitch-streamer-trans-woman-clara-sorrenti-keffals-doxxed-again/. 
  40. ↑ Simon, Amy; Khan, Ahmar (August 23, 2022). "Doxxed Twitch streamer and transgender activist leaving Canada amid ongoing harassment". Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/9079495/clara-sorrenti-doxxed-transgender-leaving-canada-europe/. 
  41. ↑ Cohen, Rebecca (August 19, 2022). "Popular gaming streamer Keffals said she had to go into hiding over a months-long campaign of doxxing threats: 'I never plan to back down'". Insider (Insider Inc.). https://www.insider.com/streamer-keffals-says-she-went-into-hiding-over-doxxing-threats-2022-8. 
  42. ↑ Zandbergen, Rebecca; McInnes, Angela (August 23, 2022). "Twitch streamer and trans activist says she's leaving Canada for awhile due to harassment". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/sorrenti-trans-activist-leaving-canada-1.6559289. 
  43. ↑ O'Sullivan, Donie; Naik, Richa (September 6, 2022). "Trans activist celebrates rare victory against online trolls after Kiwi Farms deplatforming". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/06/tech/kiwi-farms-clara-sorrenti-keffals/index.html. 
  44. ↑ Mikkelsen, Emily (August 25, 2022). "What is KiwiFarms? Site blamed for Marjorie Taylor Greene 'swatting' has body count". Nexstar Media Group. https://myfox8.com/news/crime/what-is-kiwifarms/. 
  45. ↑ Zitser, Joshua (August 25, 2022). "How the 'swatting' site Kiwi Farms has created a bizarre alliance between MAGA's Marjorie Taylor Greene and transgender activists". https://www.businessinsider.com/kiwi-farms-trans-activists-mtg-swatting-trolling-website-offline-2022-8. 
  46. ↑ Newton, Casey (September 6, 2022). "How Cloudflare got Kiwi Farms wrong" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/6/23339889/cloudflare-kiwi-farms-content-moderation-ddos. 
  47. ↑ Goforth, Claire (August 22, 2022). "Pressure grows on Cloudflare to drop Kiwi Farms after latest doxing campaign". https://www.dailydot.com/debug/kiwi-farms-cloudflare-keffals/. 
  48. ↑ Cole, Samantha (August 23, 2022). "People Are Demanding That Cloudflare Drop Kiwi Farms". Motherboard (Vice). https://www.vice.com/en/article/z3434y/people-are-demanding-that-cloudflare-drop-kiwi-farms. 
  49. ↑ Collins, Ben; Tenbarge, Kat (September 2, 2022). "Anti-trans stalkers at Kiwi Farms are chasing one victim around the world. Their list of targets is growing.". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/cloudflare-kiwi-farms-keffals-anti-trans-rcna44834. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Feldman, Kate (September 4, 2022). "Cloudflare blocks internet forum Kiwi Farms over harassment of trans people – 'An unprecedented emergency and immediate threat to human life'". New York Daily News. https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-cloudfare-kiwi-farms-trans-harassment-threats-20220904-phypn5iuevh3ppfc7aacfnbcgy-story.html. 
  51. ↑ Collins, Ben (September 3, 2022). "Internet services company Cloudflare blocks Kiwi Farms citing targeted threats". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/cloudflare-provided-security-services-kiwi-farms-blocks-website-rcna46219. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Alspach, Kyle (September 3, 2022). "Cloudflare has blocked Kiwi Farms due to 'escalated' threats". Protocol (Capitol News Company). https://www.protocol.com/bulletins/cloudflare-blocked-kiwi-farms-prince. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Plunkett, Luke (September 4, 2022). "Hate Forum Kiwi Farms Flees To Russian Servers After Cloudflare Takes Site Offline". https://kotaku.com/kiwifarms-cloudflare-dropkiwifarms-threats-security-1849496191. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Farokhmanesh, Megan (September 8, 2022). "The End of Kiwi Farms, the Web's Most Notorious Stalker Site". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/keffals-kiwifarms-cloudflare-blocked-clara-sorrenti/. Retrieved September 8, 2022. 
  55. ↑ O'Sullivan, Donie (September 4, 2022). "US internet service company blocks controversial online forum citing 'imminent threats to human life'". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/04/tech/cloudfare-blocked/index.html. 
  56. ↑ Bonifacic, Igor (September 4, 2022). "Cloudflare blocks trans harassment forum Kiwi Farms following escalation of 'targeted threats'". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/cloudflare-blocks-kiwi-farms-forum-212629893.html. 
  57. ↑ "Notorious Website Kiwi Farms Loses Its Domain Registrar" (in en). July 13, 2021. https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkbmam/notorious-website-kiwi-farms-loses-its-domain-registrar. "Domain registrar DreamHost has given the notorious website Kiwi Farms 14 days to find a new registrar. According to the site’s creator, Joshua “Null” Moon, Kiwi Farms has already moved to a Russian registrar and he’s trying to secure another U.S. backup." 
  58. ↑ "Российская компания DDoS-Guard прекратила обслуживать форум Kiwi Farms" (in ru). September 5, 2022. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5547325. 
  59. ↑ Robertson, Adi (September 7, 2022). "Kiwi Farms has been scrubbed from the Internet Archive". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/7/23341051/kiwi-farms-internet-archive-backup-removal. 
  60. ↑ "Hate Forum Kiwi Farms Practically Dead As Owner Posts Conspiracy-Laden Rant" (in en-us). September 5, 2022. https://kotaku.com/kiwi-farms-dead-closed-rip-shut-down-russia-telegram-1849498373. 
  61. ↑ Goforth, Claire (September 6, 2022). "Kiwi Farms gets back online thanks to the same service that's kept 8kun alive". The Daily Dot. https://www.dailydot.com/debug/kiwi-farms-back-online-vanwatech/. 
  62. ↑ "Hate-filled Kiwi Farms message board finds new home with Southwest Washington tech company" (in en). Oregon Public Broadcasting. https://www.opb.org/article/2022/09/06/kiwi-farms-new-provider-after-cloudfare-drops-site/. 
  63. ↑ Gilbert, David (2022-09-09). "QAnon's Jim Watkins Tried to Save Kiwi Farms. Now His Site 8Kun Is Down." (in en). https://www.vice.com/en/article/ake7q5/kiwi-farms-jim-watkins-8kun. 
  64. ↑ Katzowitz, Josh (June 25, 2018). "Transgender game developer who'd been bullied online dies by suicide". https://www.dailydot.com/irl/chloe-sagal-suicide-cyberbullying-harassment/. 
  65. ↑ Fogel, Stefanie (June 26, 2018). "Video Game Developer Dies After Setting Herself on Fire". https://variety.com/2018/gaming/news/chloe-sagal-death-1202858068/. 
  66. ↑ Morgan, Joe (June 29, 2018). "Bullied trans game developer dies after setting herself on fire". https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/bullied-trans-game-developer-dies-after-setting-herself-on-fire/. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 Klepek, Patrick (June 29, 2021). "What I Learned From Near, an Emulation Legend and Real Person". https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkbz4b/what-i-learned-from-near-an-emulation-legend-and-real-person. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Macgregor, Jody (June 28, 2021). "Near, creator of the higan and bsnes emulators, has died". PC Gamer. https://www.pcgamer.com/uk/near-creator-of-the-higan-and-bsnes-emulators-has-died/. 
  69. ↑ Bogel, Ariel (22 October 2023). "Defamation in the internet age: could a $400,000 Australian court ruling silence the notorious online forum Kiwi Farms?". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/oct/23/defamation-in-the-internet-age-could-a-400000-australian-court-ruling-silence-the-notorious-online-forum-kiwi-farms. 
  70. ↑ O'Neill, Marnie (March 19, 2019). "Website Kiwi Farms refuses to surrender data linked to accused Christchurch terrorist Brendan Tarrant". news.com.au. https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/website-kiwi-farms-refuses-to-surrender-data-linked-to-accused-christchurch-terrorist-brendan-tarrant/news-story/46d3c925ef84b24dde6194c42b3c2241. 
  71. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shootings: Website Kiwi Farms refuses to surrender data linked to accused". The New Zealand Herald. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12214017. 
  72. ↑ Rowe, Dan (March 19, 2019). "The online cesspits where hate found a home". https://thespinoff.co.nz/media/19-03-2019/the-online-cesspits-where-hate-found-a-home/. 
  73. ↑ Onyanga-Omara, Jane. "New Zealand mosque shootings: Six in court on charges they sent attack images". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2019/04/15/new-zealand-mosque-attacks-six-court-charges-over-images/3470478002/. 
  74. ↑ "Six Charged in New Zealand for Sharing Mosque Shooting Video Online". Rolling Stone. April 15, 2019. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/new-zealand-christchurch-mosque-shooting-facebook-charges-822280/. Retrieved October 20, 2020. 
  75. ↑ Tremeer, Eleanor (October 5, 2017). "The Author Of 'My Immortal' Is A Fake And I Don't Know What To Believe Anymore". https://moviepilot.com/p/brother-of-my-immortal-author-casts-serious-doubt-on-her-claims/4383046. 
  76. ↑ "The 'My Immortal' mystery grows: Five new questions after the memoir's cancellation". October 5, 2017. https://www.hypable.com/my-immortal-and-5-unanswered-burning-questions/. 
  77. ↑ Lee, Jarry (October 3, 2017). "The "My Immortal" Book Is No Longer Going To Be Published". BuzzFeed. https://www.buzzfeed.com/jarrylee/the-my-immortal-book-is-no-longer-going-to-be-published. 
  78. ↑ Romano, Aja (October 9, 2017). "The My Immortal memoir has been canceled, and the mystery of the notorious fanfic deepens". Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/10/9/16428248/my-immortal-still-a-mystery-rose-christo-fake. 
  79. ↑ Lai, Catherine (October 5, 2017). "Memoir of "My Immortal" Author Canceled amid Accusations of Falsehoods". http://www.mugglenet.com/2017/10/memoir-immortal-author-canceled-amid-accusations-falsehoods/. 

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