Unsolved:Feldenkrais Method
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The Feldenkrais Method is a type of exercise therapy devised by Israeli Moshé Feldenkrais (1904–1984) during the mid-20th century. The method is claimed to reorganize connections between the brain and body and so improve body movement and psychological state.[1][2]
Although there is no medical evidence that the Feldenkrais method improves health outcomes or if it is a cost-effective treatment option,[3] researchers do not believe it poses serious risks.[2]
Description
The Feldenkrais Method is a type of alternative exercise therapy that proponents claim can repair impaired connections between the motor cortex and the body, so benefiting the quality of body movement and improving wellbeing.[1][4] The Feldenkrais Guild of North America claims that the Feldenkrais method allows people to "rediscover [their] innate capacity for graceful, efficient movement" and that "These improvements will often generalize to enhance functioning in other aspects of [their] life".[5] Proponents claim that the Feldenkrais Method can benefit people with a number of medical conditions, including children with autism, and people with multiple sclerosis. However, no studies in which participants were clearly identified as having an autism spectrum disorder or developmental disabilities have been presented to back these claims.[6]
Feldenkrais lessons have two types, one verbally guided and practiced in groups, called Awareness Through Movement and one hands-on and practiced one-to-one called Functional Integration.[7]
Effectiveness and reception
In 2015, the Australian Government's Department of Health published the results of a review of 17 natural therapies that sought to determine which would continue being covered by health insurance; the Feldenkrais Method was one of 16 therapies for which no clear evidence of effectiveness was found. [3] Accordingly in 2017 the Australian government identified the Feldenkrais Method as a practice that would not qualify for insurance subsidy, saying this step would "ensure taxpayer funds are expended appropriately and not directed to therapies lacking evidence".[8]
The Feldenkrais Method is promoted with anecdotal claims it can help children with autism and other developmental disorders, but such claims are not backed by reputable supporting evidence.[9]
There is limited evidence that workplace-based use of the Feldenkrais Method may help aid rehabilitation of people with upper limb complaints.[10]
David Gorski has written that the Method bears similarities to faith healing, is like "glorified yoga", and that it "borders on quackery".[5] Quackwatch places the Feldenkrais Method on its list of "Unnaturalistic methods".[11]
History
From the 1950s till his death in 1984, he taught continuously in his home city of Tel Aviv. Feldenkrais gained recognition in part through media accounts of his work with prominent individuals, including Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion.[12] Beginning in the late 1950s, Feldenkrais made trips to teach in Europe and America. Several hundred people became certified Feldenkrais practitioners through trainings he held in San Francisco from 1975 to 1978 and in Amherst, Massachusetts, from 1980 to 1984.[13]
Influences
In David Kaetz's biography, Making Connections: Roots and Resonance in the Life of Moshe Feldenkrais (2007), he argues many lines of influence can be found between the Judaism of Feldenkrais's upbringing and the Feldenkrais Method – for instance, the use of paradox as a pedagogical tool.[14]
Feldenkrais was critical of the appropriation of the term 'energy' to express immeasurable phenomena or to label experiences that people had trouble describing ... He was impatient when someone invoked energy in pseudoscientific 'explanations' that masked a lack of understanding. In such cases he urged skepticism and scientific discourse. He encouraged empirical and phenomenological narratives that could lead to insights.
Cybernetics, also known as dynamic systems theory, continued to influence the Feldenkrais Method in the 1990s through the work of human development researcher Esther Thelen.[15]:1535
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Examining Holistic Medicine. Prometheus Books. 1989. p. 373. ISBN 9780879755539. https://archive.org/details/examiningholisti0000unse_w1i5. "a system of exercise therapy developed in the 1940s by former judo instructor Moshe Feldenkrais"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Singh, Simon; Ernst, Edzard (2008). Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial. Bantam Press. pp. 314. ISBN 978-0-59306-129-9.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Baggoley, Chris (2015). Review of the Australian Government Rebate on Natural Therapies for Private Health Insurance. Australian Government – Department of Health. ISBN 978-1-76007-171-4. https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/4899F1657E19A6F4CA2583A50020140D/$File/Natural%20Therapies%20Overview%20Report%20Final%20with%20copyright%2011%20March.pdf. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- See lay summary from Gavura, Scott (2015). "Australian review finds no benefit to 17 natural therapies". https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/australian-review-finds-no-benefit-to-17-natural-therapies/.
- ↑ "Alternative Healing as Magical Self-Care in Alternative Modernity". Numen 62 (4): 431–459. 2015. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341380.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gorski D (6 August 2009). "M.D. Anderson enters the blogosphere–and goes woo". Scienceblogs—Respectful Insolence. http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2009/08/05/md-anderson-enters-the-blogosphere-and-g/.
- ↑ Collet-Klingenberg, Lana (October 31, 2014). "Treatment Intervention Advisory Committee Review and Determination". https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/tiac/feldenkrais-october-2014.pdf. "In sum, it is the decision of the committee that Feldenkrais Therapy does not have a study in which participants were clearly identified as having an autism spectrum disorder or developmental disability and no authoritative bodies have recognized the treatment as having emerging evidence..."
- ↑ "Effects of the Feldenkrais Method as a Physiotherapy Tool: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Int J Environ Res Public Health 19 (21): 13734. October 2022. doi:10.3390/ijerph192113734. PMID 36360614.
- ↑ Paola S (17 October 2017). "Homeopathy, naturopathy struck off private insurance list". Australian Journal of Pharmacy. https://ajp.com.au/news/homeopathy-naturopathy-struck-off-private-insurance-list/. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ↑ "Treatment Intervention Advisory Committee Review and Determination". Wisconsin Department of Health Services Autism and other Developmental Disabilities Treatment Intervention Advisory Committee. 28 April 2017. https://tiac.wisconsin.gov/tiacfiles/pdf/feldenkrais.pdf.
- ↑ "Workplace-Based Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Conditions: A Systematic Review.". J Occup Rehabil 29 (1): 175–193. 2018. doi:10.1007/s10926-018-9777-7. PMID 29796982. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10926-018-9777-7. Retrieved 6 June 2022. "Workplace-based work hardening, case manager training and Feldenkrais should be implemented with caution, as only one study supported each of these interventions.".
- ↑ "Unnaturalistic Methods: F-G". Quackwatch. 25 March 2007. https://quackwatch.org/related/dictionary/mdfg/.
- ↑ Lori, Aviva. "Ben Gurion's Personal Trainer". Haaretz. http://www.haaretz.com/ben-gurion-s-personal-trainer-1.124885.
- ↑ Keller, Jon; Freer, Bonnie. "His Methods May Seem Bizarre, But Thousands Swear by Mind-Body Guru Moshe Feldenkrais". http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20080162,00.html.
- ↑ Kaetz, David (2014). Making Connections: Roots and Resonance in the Life and Teachings of Moshe Feldenkrais (2nd ed.). Hornby Island, Canada: River Centre Publishing. pp. 13–15, 27–28. ISBN 978-0-9784014-2-9.
- ↑ Spencer, John P.; Clearfield, M.; Corbetta, D.; Ulrich, B.; Buchanan, P.; Schöner, G. (November 2006). "Moving Toward a Grand Theory of Development: In Memory of Esther Thelen - Spencer - 2006 - Child Development - Wiley Online Library". Child Development 77 (6): 1521–1538. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00955.x. PMID 17107442. https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00955.x.
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