Unsolved:Lilliputian hallucination
Lilliputian hallucinations are hallucinations of small humans, animals, or fantasy entities.[1] They are usually visual in nature, but are also often multimodal, and are almost always perceived as grounded in one's external environment.[1] Lilliputian hallucinations can occur in conditions such as Alice in Wonderland syndrome,[2] Charles Bonnet syndrome,[3][1] peduncular hallucinosis,[1] schizophrenia,[4][1] and alcohol withdrawal,[1] among others.[1] They have also been reported to be induced rarely by drugs such as amantadine[5] and trichloroethylene[6] and are known to be induced by hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms ("xiao ren ren" mushrooms) such as Lanmaoa asiatica.[7][8][9][10][11] They may also sometimes be induced by classical serotonergic psychedelics such as mescaline and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) as well as by Amanita muscaria mushrooms.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Leroy's elusive little people: A systematic review on lilliputian hallucinations". Neurosci Biobehav Rev 125: 627–636. June 2021. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.002. PMID 33676962.
- ↑ "Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: A Historical and Medical Review". Pediatr Neurol 77: 5–11. December 2017. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.08.008. PMID 29074056.
- ↑ "Strange sightings: is it Charles Bonnet syndrome?". Nursing 43 (7): 52–55. July 2013. doi:10.1097/01.NURSE.0000427989.23941.18. PMID 23778216.
- ↑ "Lilliputian hallucinations in schizophrenia: case report and review of literature". Psychopathology 29 (1): 35–38. 1996. doi:10.1159/000284969. PMID 8711073.
- ↑ "Coloured Lilliputian hallucinations with amantadine". Med J Aust 1 (9): 444–445. March 1973. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1973.tb110479.x. PMID 4708929.
- ↑ "Trichlorethylene poisoning with paranoid psychosis and Lilliputian hallucination". Br Med J 1 (4859): 439–440. February 1954. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4859.439. PMID 13126536.
- ↑ Domnauer, Colin (12 November 2025). "Experts Explore New Mushroom Which Causes Fairytale-Like Hallucinations". https://nhmu.utah.edu/articles/experts-explore-new-mushroom-which-causes-fairytale-hallucinations.
- ↑ Nuwer, Rachel (22 January 2026). "'They saw them on their dishes when eating': The mushroom making people hallucinate dozens of tiny humans". https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260121-the-mysterious-mushroom-that-makes-you-see-tiny-people.
- ↑ Arora, David (2008). "Notes on Economic Mushrooms. Xiao Ren Ren: The "Little People" of Yunnan". Economic Botany (New York Botanical Garden Press) 62 (3): 540–544. doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9049-0. ISSN 0013-0001. https://i.warosu.org/data/sci/img/0147/14/1659226200674553.pdf. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
- ↑ "Reports of Psychoactive Bolete Mushrooms". ESPD55 (Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs 55). McKenna Academy of Natural Philosophy. 24 May 2022. https://mckenna.academy/mka-speakers/colin-domnauer-reports-psychoactive-boletes/. "For more than half a century, the existence of certain species of mushrooms in the family Boletaceae (“boletes”) possessing psychoactive properties has been rumored, with independent ethnographic reports emerging from Papúa New Guinea and China. In both cases, local inhabitants describe consuming a type of bolete mushroom, followed by the occurrence of various hallucinations, generally characterized by a perception of being surrounded by an abundance of colorful, diminutive creatures – clinically referred to as “Lilliputian Hallucinations”. Despite the numerous and suggestive reports, the identity of psychoactive boletes remains a mycological mystery. To this date, no rigorous scientific studies have been performed that conclusively reveal the taxonomic identity or active chemical constituents of this unstudied group of psychoactive mushrooms. In this presentation, the history of psychoactive bolete reports is compiled together, our scant sum of knowledge on the topic is summarized, and future directions for research are suggested."
- ↑ Samorini G (2024). "A new interpretation of the "mushroom madness" of New Guinea". Antrocom J. Of Anthropology 20 (2): 5–25. ISSN 1973-2880. https://antrocom.net/archives/2024/volume-20-number-2/a-new-interpretation-of-the-mushroom-madness-of-new-guinea/.
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