Engineering:Cygnus CRS OA-7

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Cygnus CRS OA-7
ISS-51 Cygnus OA-7 grappling to the ISS (2).jpg
Cygnus OA-7 grappled by Canadarm2
Mission typeISS resupply
OperatorNASA
COSPAR ID2017-019A
SATCAT no.42681
Mission durationFinal: 54 days, 1 hour, 56 minutes
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftS.S. John Glenn
Spacecraft typeEnhanced Cygnus[1][2]
ManufacturerOrbital ATK
Thales Alenia Space
Launch mass7,220 kg (15,920 lb)[3]
Start of mission
Launch date18 April 2017, 15:11:26 (2017-04-18UTC15:11:26) UTC[4]
RocketAtlas V 401, AV-070[5]
Launch siteCape Canaveral SLC-41
ContractorUnited Launch Alliance
End of mission
DisposalDeorbited
Decay date11 June 2017, 17:08 (2017-06-11UTC17:09) UTC[6]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeLow Earth
Inclination51.6 degrees
Berthing at ISS
Berthing portUnity nadir
RMS capture22 April 2017, 10:05 UTC[7]
Berthing date22 April 2017, 12:39 UTC[7]
Unberthing date4 June 2017, 11:05 UTC[8]
RMS release4 June 2017, 13:10 UTC[8]
Time berthed42 days, 22 hours, 26 minutes
Cargo
Mass3,459 kg (7,626 lb)
Pressurised3,376 kg (7,443 lb)
Unpressurised83 kg (183 lb)
Orbital Sciences CRS Flight 7 Patch.png
NASA OA-7 mission patch  

Cygnus CRS OA-7, also known as Orbital ATK CRS-7, is the eighth flight of the Orbital ATK uncrewed resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its seventh flight to the International Space Station under the Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA.[5] The mission launched on April 18th, 2017 at 11:11 AM. Orbital and NASA jointly developed a new space transportation system to provide commercial cargo resupply services to the International Space Station (ISS). Under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, then Orbital Sciences designed and built Antares, a medium-class launch vehicle; Cygnus, an advanced maneuvering spacecraft, and a Pressurized Cargo Module which is provided by Orbital's industrial partner Thales Alenia Space.[9]

The OA-7 is named the S.S. John Glenn in honor of astronaut and senator John Glenn, the first US astronaut to orbit the Earth on Mercury-Atlas 6 and the oldest to go to space on STS-95.[10]

History

Launch of the OA-7 mission

The COTS demonstration mission was successfully conducted in September 2013, and Orbital commenced operational ISS cargo missions under the Commercial Resupply Service (CRS) program with two missions in 2014. The third operational mission, Orb CRS-3, was not successful due to an Antares failure during launch. The company decided to discontinue the Antares 100 series and accelerate the introduction of a new propulsion system. The Antares system was upgraded with newly built RD-181 first stage engines to provide greater payload performance and increased reliability.[11]

In the meantime, the company contracted with United Launch Alliance for two Atlas V launches from Cape Canaveral, Florida: CRS OA-4 flew in December 2015 and CRS OA-6 in March 2016.[12] The first Cygnus mission on the new Antares 230 (CRS OA-5) was delayed to October 2016 and performed successfully. This particular mission, known as OA-7, enabled Orbital ATK to cover their initial CRS contracted payload obligation.[12] At NASA's request, OA-7 was switched from an Antares to an Atlas V rocket to increase the payload delivered to the ISS.[4] Antares flights resumed with CRS OA-8E (the first of Orbital's extended contract with NASA) in November 2017.

Production and integration of Cygnus spacecraft is performed in Dulles, Virginia. The Cygnus service module is mated with the pressurized cargo module at the launch site, and mission operations are conducted from control centers in Dulles and Houston.[9]

OA-7 launched on 18 April 2017 at 15:11 UTC aboard an Atlas V 401 rocket.[13] The freighter rendezvoused and was berthed to the ISS on 22 April,[7] where it remained for just under 43 days.

NASA announced on 1 June its intention to unberth Cygnus a month ahead of schedule.[14] In preparation for unberthing, Cygnus was grappled by Canadarm2 on 2 June. Early on 4 June, the bolts securing Cygnus to the station were retracted, and Canadarm2 unberthed the spacecraft at 11:05 UTC. Crew members aboard the station maneuvered Cygnus to its release attitude, and at 13:10 UTC the vehicle was released from Canadarm2. One minute later, Cygnus began carrying out a series of departure burns to move it away from the ISS.[8]

At approximately 20:00 UTC, the SAFFIRE III experiment on board Cygnus was commanded to execute. This experiment involves the controlled ignition of spacecraft material samples to test how they burn in microgravity.[8] On 8 June, four LEMUR-2 CubeSats will be deployed, one pair at 20:46 UTC and the other pair at 23:46 UTC.[8][15] Reentry for Cygnus is scheduled for 11 June; as the vehicle begins breaking up in Earth's atmosphere, three probes will be released as part of the RED-Data2 experiment, collecting data on how high-temperature materials react to reentry, as well as helping to characterize how spacecraft break up on reentry.[15][16]

Orbital ATK announced on 11 June that the OA-7 mission had formally ended at 17:08 UTC with the reentry and destruction of the S.S. John Glenn. The spacecraft reentered east of New Zealand over the Pacific Ocean, disposing of approximately 1,950 kg (4,300 lb) of trash and unneeded hardware.[6][17]

Spacecraft

The Cygnus spacecraft inside the Space Station Processing Facility

This is the seventh of ten flights by Orbital ATK under the Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA. This is the fourth flight of the Enhanced-sized Cygnus PCM.[12][18] The spacecraft and on-board payloads were processed at Kennedy's Space Station Processing Facility.

Manifest

OA-7 carried a total of 3,459 kg (7,626 lb) of material into orbit. This included 3,376 kg (7,443 lb) of pressurised cargo with packaging bound for the International Space Station, and 83 kg (183 lb) of unpressurised cargo composed of four CubeSats that will be released from the Cygnus spacecraft after unberthing from the ISS.[19][13] OA-7 carried 34 other CubeSats that will be launched from the Kibō module on ISS, including 28 that were built by university students as part of the QB50 program.[13]

The following is a breakdown of cargo bound for the ISS:[19]

  • Vehicle hardware: 1,215 kg (2,679 lb)
    • Includes the ExPRESS Carrier Avionics (ExPCA) box and jumper cable
  • Science investigations: 940 kg (2,072 lb)
  • Crew supplies: 954 kg (2,103 lb)
  • Spacewalk equipment: 73 kg (161 lb)
  • Computer resources: 2 kg (4.4 lb)
  • Russian hardware: 18 kg (40 lb)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bergin, Chris (22 February 2012). "Space industry giants Orbital upbeat ahead of Antares debut". NASASpaceFlight.com. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/orbital-upbeat-ahead-of-antares-debut/. Retrieved 29 March 2012. 
  2. ↑ "Orbital ATK Team on Track for Fall 2015 Cygnus Mission and Antares Return to Flight in 2016". Orbital ATK. 12 August 2015. http://www.orbitalatk.com/news-room/feature-stories/CRSUpdate/default.aspx. Retrieved 12 August 2015. 
  3. ↑ "Cygnus OA-7 Mission: Fact Sheet". Orbital ATK. https://www.orbitalatk.com/news-room/feature-stories/OA7-Mission-Page/Documents/Cygnus_OA-7.pdf. Retrieved 24 May 2018. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gebhardt, Chris (21 April 2017). "S.S. John Glenn, OA-7 Cygnus resupply ship, arrives at Station". NASASpaceFlight.com. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/04/s-s-john-glenn-oa-7-cygnus-arrival-station/. Retrieved 1 June 2017. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Clark, Stephen (24 December 2016). "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/. Retrieved 25 December 2016. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Orbital ATK Successfully Concludes Seventh Cargo Logistics Mission to the International Space Station" (Press release). Orbital ATK. 11 June 2017. Archived from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Richardson, Derek (22 April 2017). "S.S. John Glenn OA-7 Cygnus berthed to ISS". Spaceflight Insider. http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/iss/s-s-john-glenn-oa-7-cygnus-berthed-to-iss/. Retrieved 1 June 2017. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Gebhardt, Chris (4 June 2017). "ISS crew bid early farewell to OA-7 Cygnus, the S.S. John Glenn". NASASpaceFlight.com. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/06/iss-farewell-oa-7-cygnus/. Retrieved 6 June 2017. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Cygnus Fact Sheet". Orbital ATK. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150926095427/http://www.orbitalatk.com/space-systems/human-space-advanced-systems/commercial-resupply-services/docs/FS006_08_OA_3891%20Cygnus.pdf. Retrieved 14 August 2015. 
  10. ↑ Siceloff, Steven (10 March 2017). "Orbital ATK Dedicates Cygnus Spacecraft to John Glenn". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/orbital-atk-dedicates-cygnus-spacecraft-to-john-glenn. 
  11. ↑ Gebhardt, Chris (14 August 2015). "Orbital ATK make progress toward Return To Flight of Antares rocket". NASASpaceFlight.com. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/08/orbital-atk-progress-return-antares/. Retrieved 14 August 2015. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Leone, Dan (17 August 2015). "NASA Orders Two More ISS Cargo Missions From Orbital ATK". Space News. http://spacenews.com/nasa-orders-two-more-iss-cargo-missions-from-orbital-atk/. Retrieved 17 August 2015. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Graham, William (18 April 2017). "Atlas V conducts OA-7 Cygnus launch to the ISS". NASASpaceFlight.com. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/04/atlas-v-oa-7-cygnus-launch-iss/. Retrieved 1 June 2017. 
  14. ↑ Thompson, Tabatha; Huot, Dan (1 June 2017). "U.S. Cargo Ships to Depart, Arrive at International Space Station". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/us-cargo-ships-to-depart-arrive-at-international-space-station. Retrieved 2 June 2017. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Ray, Justin (4 June 2017). "S.S. John Glenn freighter departs space station after successful cargo delivery". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/06/04/s-s-john-glenn-freighter-departs-space-station-after-successful-cargo-delivery/. Retrieved 6 June 2017. 
  16. ↑ "Thermal Protection Material Flight Test and Reentry Data Collection (RED-Data2)". NASA. 31 May 2017. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/2205.html. Retrieved 6 June 2017. 
  17. ↑ Gebhardt, Chris (11 June 2017). "OA-7 Cygnus completes End of Mission; OA-8 looks to Sept launch". NASASpaceFlight.com. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/06/oa-7-cygnus-eom-oa-8-sept-launch/. Retrieved 13 June 2017. 
  18. ↑ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (18 August 2015). "Cygnus-PCM (enhanced)". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cygnus-pcm-e.htm. Retrieved 18 August 2015. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Orbital ATK CRS-7 Mission Overview". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/orbital_atk_crs-7_mission_overview_0.pdf. Retrieved 1 June 2017. 




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