Chemistry:Benzeneselenol
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
Benzeneselenol
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Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |||
| C 6H 5SeH | |||
| Molar mass | 157.085 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | colorless liquid | ||
| Odor | extremely foul yet characteristic | ||
| Density | 1.479 g/cm3 | ||
| Boiling point | 71 to 72 °C (160 to 162 °F; 344 to 345 K) (18 mmHg) | ||
| slightly | |||
| Solubility in other solvents | most organic solvents | ||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.616 | ||
| Structure | |||
| 1.1 D | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Main hazards | toxic | ||
| GHS pictograms |   
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| GHS Signal word | Danger | ||
| H301, H331, H373, H410 | |||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
 verify (what is   ?)
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| Infobox references | |||
Benzeneselenol, also known as selenophenol, is the organoselenium compound with the chemical formula C
6H
5SeH, often abbreviated PhSeH. It is the selenium analog of phenol. This colourless, malodorous compound is a reagent in organic synthesis.[1]
Synthesis
Benzeneselenol is prepared by the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide and selenium:[2]
- PhMgBr + Se → PhSeMgBr
- PhSeMgBr + HCl → PhSeH + MgBrCl
Since benzeneselenol does not have a long shelf life, it is often generated in situ. A common method is by reduction of diphenyldiselenide. A further reason for this conversion is that often, it is the anion that is sought.[1]
Reactions
More so than thiophenol, benzeneselenol is easily oxidized by air. The facility of this reaction reflects the weakness of the Se-H bond, bond dissociation energy of which is estimated to be between 67 and 74 kcal/mol.[1] In contrast, the S-H BDE for thiophenol is near 80 kcal/mol.[3] The product is diphenyl diselenide as shown in this idealized equation:
- 4 PhSeH + O
2 → 2 PhSeSePh + 2 H
2O
The presence of the diselenide in benzeneselenol is indicated by a yellow coloration. The diselenide can be converted back to the selenol by reduction followed by acidification of the resulting PhSe−
.
PhSeH is acidic with a pKa of 5.9. Thus at neutral pH, it is mostly ionized:
- PhSeH → PhSe−
+ H+
It is approximately seven times more acidic than the related thiophenol. Both compounds dissolve in water upon the addition of base. The conjugate base is PhSe−
, a potent nucleophile.[1]
History
Benzeneselenol was first reported in 1888 by the reaction of benzene with selenium tetrachloride (SeCl
4) in the presence of aluminium trichloride (AlCl
3).[4][5]
Safety
The compound is intensely malodorous[6] and, like other organoselenium compounds, toxic.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Sonoda, Noboru; Ogawa, Akiya; Recupero, Francesco (2005). "Benzeneselenol". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rb018.pub2. ISBN 0471936235.
- ↑ Foster, D. G. (1944). "Selenophenol". Organic Syntheses 24: 89. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.024.0089.
- ↑ Chandra, Asit K.; Nam, Pham-Cam; Nguyen, Minh Tho (2003). "The S−H Bond Dissociation Enthalpies and Acidities of Para and Meta Substituted Thiophenols: A Quantum Chemical Study". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 107 (43): 9182–9188. doi:10.1021/jp035622w. Bibcode: 2003JPCA..107.9182C.
- ↑ Chabrié, M. C. (1888). "Premiers essais de synthèse de composés organiques séléniés dans la série aromatique". Bulletin de la Société Chimique de Paris 50: 133–137. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k281999w/f157.
- ↑ Chabrié, M. C. (1890). "Sur la synthèse de quelques composés séléniés dans la série aromatique". Annales de Chimie et de Physique 6 (20): 202–286. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k34890j/f200.
- ↑ Lowe, D. (2012-05-15). "Things I wont work with: Selenophenol". In the Pipeline. https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/things-i-won-t-work-selenophenol.
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