Biology:RRM2
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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Generic protein structure example |
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2, also known as ribonucleotide reductase small subunit, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RRM2 gene.[1][2]
Function
This gene encodes one of two non-identical subunits for ribonucleotide reductase. This reductase catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides. Synthesis of the encoded protein (M2) is regulated in a cell-cycle dependent fashion. Transcription from this gene can initiate from alternative promoters, which results in two isoforms that differ in the lengths of their N-termini.[1]
Interactive pathway map
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: ribonucleotide reductase M2". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6241.
- ↑ "Sequence analysis of the large and small subunits of human ribonucleotide reductase". DNA Seq. 2 (4): 227–34. 1992. doi:10.3109/10425179209020807. PMID 1627826.
Further reading
- "Stable suppression of the R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase by R2-targeted short interference RNA sensitizes p53(-/-) HCT-116 colon cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (26): 27030–8. 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M402056200. PMID 15096505.
- "Overexpression of RRM2 decreases thrombspondin-1 and increases VEGF production in human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: implication of RRM2 in angiogenesis". Mol. Cancer 8: 11. 2009. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-8-11. PMID 19250552.
- "Hepatitis B virus activates deoxynucleotide synthesis in nondividing hepatocytes by targeting the R2 gene". Hepatology 51 (5): 1538–46. 2010. doi:10.1002/hep.23519. PMID 20155784.
- "Expression of nucleoside transporters, deoxycitidine kinase, ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunits, and gemcitabine catabolic enzymes in primary ovarian cancer". Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 65 (4): 679–86. 2010. doi:10.1007/s00280-009-1073-y. PMID 19639316.
- "Characterization of enzymatic properties of human ribonucleotide reductase holoenzyme reconstituted in vitro from hRRM1, hRRM2, and p53R2 subunits". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 340 (2): 428–34. 2006. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.019. PMID 16376858.
- Ramqvist, Torbjorn, ed (2008). "Tumor BRCA1, RRM1 and RRM2 mRNA Expression Levels and Clinical Response to First-Line Gemcitabine plus Docetaxel in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients". PLOS ONE 3 (11): e3695. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003695. PMID 19002265. Bibcode: 2008PLoSO...3.3695B.
- "A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization". Nat. Biotechnol. 24 (10): 1285–92. 2006. doi:10.1038/nbt1240. PMID 16964243.
- "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. 2006. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMID 16344560.
- "RRM2 induces NF-kappaB-dependent MMP-9 activation and enhances cellular invasiveness". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 354 (1): 190–6. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.177. PMID 17222798.
- "A phase 2 consortium (P2C) trial of 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP) for advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas". Invest New Drugs 26 (4): 369–79. 2008. doi:10.1007/s10637-008-9123-6. PMID 18278438.
- "Association of Mitotic Regulation Pathway Polymorphisms with Pancreatic Cancer Risk and Outcome". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 19 (1): 251–7. 2010. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0629. PMID 20056645.
- "Gemcitabine-Based Chemogene Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer Using Ad-dCK::UMK GDEPT and TS/RR siRNA Strategies". Neoplasia 11 (7): 637–50. 2009. doi:10.1593/neo.81686. PMID 19568409.
- "Evaluation of mRNA by Q-RTPCR and Protein Expression by AQUA of the M2 Subunit of Ribonucleotide Reductase (RRM2) in Human Tumors". Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 64 (1): 79–86. 2009. doi:10.1007/s00280-008-0845-0. PMID 18941749.
- "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4". Nature 434 (7034): 724–31. 2005. doi:10.1038/nature03466. PMID 15815621. Bibcode: 2005Natur.434..724H.
- "Redox Property of Ribonucleotide Reductase Small Subunit M2 and p53R2". Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress I. Methods In Molecular Biology. 477. 2008. pp. 195–206. doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-517-0_15. ISBN 978-1-60327-218-6. https://archive.org/details/advancedprotocol00dona/page/195.
- "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
- "Mutation of RRM2B, encoding p53-controlled ribonucleotide reductase (p53R2), causes severe mitochondrial DNA depletion". Nat. Genet. 39 (6): 776–80. 2007. doi:10.1038/ng2040. PMID 17486094.
- "Ribonucleotide reductase subunits M1 and M2 mRNA expression levels and clinical outcome of lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with docetaxel/gemcitabine". Br. J. Cancer 98 (10): 1710–5. 2008. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604344. PMID 18414411.
- "Implication of Checkpoint Kinase-dependent Up-regulation of Ribonucleotide Reductase R2 in DNA Damage Response". J. Biol. Chem. 284 (27): 18085–95. 2009. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.003020. PMID 19416980.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RRM2.
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