Biology:Priacanthidae

Short description: Family of fishes

Bigeyes
Glasseye, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Suborder:	Percoidei
Family:	Priacanthidae Günther, 1859
Genera
see text

The Priacanthidae, the bigeyes, are a family of 18 species of marine ray-finned fishes. "Catalufa" is an alternate common name for some members of the Priacanthidae. The etymology of the scientific name (prioo-, to bite + akantha, thorn) refers to the family's very rough, spined scales. The common name of "bigeye" refers to the member species' unusually large eyes, suited to their carnivorous and nocturnal lifestyles. Priacanthidae are typically colored bright red, but some have patterns in silver, dusky brown, or black. Most species reach a maximum total length of about 30 cm (12 in), although in a few species lengths of over 50 cm (20 in) are known.

Most members of this family are native to tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but four species (Cookeolus japonicus, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus, Priacanthus arenatus, and Pristigenys alta) are found in the Atlantic. They tend to live near rock outcroppings or reefs, although a few are known to inhabit open waters. Many species are found in relatively deep waters, below depths reachable by normal scuba diving. Some species are fished for food.

The earliest identified Priacanthidae fossils date to the middle Eocene epoch of the lower Tertiary period, or roughly 40 to 50 million years ago.

Species

Moontail bullseye, Priacanthus hamrur

Short bigeye, Pristigenys alta

Paeony bulleye (Priacanthus blochii) from the Red Sea

Red bigeye (Priacanthus macracanthus) in a Philippine fish market

The 18 species in four genera are:

• Genus Cookeolus Fowler, 1928
  • Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829) - Longfinned bullseye
  • †Cookeolus spinolacrymatus Kon & Yoshino, 1997
• Genus Heteropriacanthus Fitch & Crooke, 1984
  • Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacépède, 1801) - Glasseye
• Genus Priacanthus Oken, 1817
  • Priacanthus alalaua Jordan & Evermann, 1903 - Alalaua
  • Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829 - Atlantic bigeye
  • Priacanthus blochii Bleeker, 1853 - Paeony bulleye
  • Priacanthus fitchi Starnes, 1988
  • Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskål, 1775) - Moontail bullseye
  • Priacanthus macracanthus Cuvier, 1829 - Red bigeye
  • Priacanthus meeki Jenkins, 1903 - Hawaiian bigeye
  • Priacanthus nasca Starnes, 1988
  • Priacanthus prolixus Starnes, 1988 - Elongate bulleye
  • Priacanthus sagittarius Starnes, 1988 - Arrow bulleye
  • Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846 - Purple-spotted bigeye
  • Priacanthus zaiserae Starnes & Moyer, 1988
  • † Priacanthus liui Tao, 1993
• Genus Pristigenys Agassiz 1835
  • Pristigenys alta (Gill, 1862) - Short bigeye
  • Pristigenys meyeri (Günther, 1872)
  • Pristigenys niphonia (Cuvier, 1829) - Japanese bigeye
  • Pristigenys serrula (Gilbert, 1891) - Popeye catalufa
  • †Pristigenys substriatus (Blainville, 1818)

Timeline of genera

<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px

Period = from:-66 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-66 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-66 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify

Colors =

#legends
 id:CAR	  value:claret
 id:ANK 	 value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
 id:HER	  value:teal
 id:HAD	  value:green
 id:OMN	  value:blue
 id:black        value:black
 id:white        value:white
 id:cenozoic     value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
 id:paleogene     value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) 
 id:paleocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) 
 id:eocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) 
 id:oligocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) 
 id:neogene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) 
 id:miocene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) 
 id:pliocene     value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)  
 id:quaternary   value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
 id:pleistocene   value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
 id:holocene   value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)

BarData=

bar:eratop
bar:space
bar:periodtop
bar:space
bar:NAM1
bar:NAM2

bar:space
bar:period
bar:space
bar:era

PlotData=

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 
shift:(7,-4)
 
bar:periodtop
from: -66   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleocene
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eocene 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligocene            
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Miocene
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pleist.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:eratop
from: -66   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene         
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

PlotData=

align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left

color:eocene bar:NAM1  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Pristigenys
color:oligocene bar:NAM2  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Priacanthus

PlotData=

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25

bar:period
from: -66   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleocene
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eocene 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligocene            
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Miocene
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pleist.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:era
from: -66   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene         
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

</timeline>

References

• Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class. Retrieved 2011-05-19. 

Wikidata ☰ Q578926 entry