Engineering:Kobo eReader

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Short description: Family of e-book readers
Kobo
Rakuten Kobo logo
Kobo Aura.jpg
Kobo Aura, Kobo's former baseline e-reader
ManufacturerKobo Inc.
Typee-Reader
Operating systemKobo firmware
PowerInternal li-ion rechargeable battery
Websitewww.kobo.com

The Kobo eReader is an e-reader produced by Toronto-based Kobo Inc (a subsidiary of Rakuten). The company's name is an anagram of "book". The original version was released in May 2010 and was marketed as a minimalist alternative to the more expensive e-book readers available at the time. Like most e-readers, the Kobo uses an electronic ink screen.[1] The Arc tablet series, released between 2011 and 2013, was based on LCD technology instead.[2]

E-ink devices

Chronological overview

Legend:   Unsupported   Discontinued   Current
Component Display Input Storage CPU Connectivity Features / Notes Dimensions Weight Introductory price Released Battery & RAM
Model Type Size Resolution ppi Internal Expanded Make and model USB + (US$)
Kobo eReader E-ink 6" 800x600 170 D-Pad 1 GB 4 GB SD Bluetooth $199 May 2010
Kobo WiFiN289 E-ink 6" 800x600 170 D-Pad 1 GB 32 GB SD Freescale i.MX335 Wi-Fi 184 × 120 × 10 mm (7.2 × 4.7 × 0.4 in) 221 g (7.80 oz) $199 October 2010
Kobo TouchN905[ BC] E-ink Pearl 6" 800x600 170 Infrared touchscreen[3] 2 GB 32 GB microSD Freescale i.MX507 800 MHz Wi-Fi First touchscreen. 165 × 114 × 10 mm (6.5 × 4.5 × 0.4 in) 200 g (7.05 oz) $129 May 2011 1200mAh
Kobo GloN613 E-ink Pearl 6" 1024x768 213 Infrared touchscreen[3] 2 GB (internal microSD)[4] 32 GB microSD Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz Wi-Fi First illuminated display. 157 x 114 x 10 mm (6.2 x 4.5 x 0.4 in) 185 g (6.5 oz) $129 September 2012
Kobo MiniN705 E-ink Pearl 5" 800x600 200 Infrared touchscreen[5] 2 GB (internal microSD)[6] 32 GB microSD Freescale i.MX507 800 MHz Wi-Fi 133 x 102 x 10 mm (5.2 × 4 x 0.4 in) 134 g (4.73 oz) $79 September 2012 1000mAh
Kobo Aura HDN204B E-ink Pearl 6.8" 1440x1080 265 Infrared touchscreen[3] 4 GB (internal microSD)[7] 32 GB microSD Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz Wi-Fi 175.7 x 128.3 x 11.7 mm (6.91 x 5.05 x 0.46 in) 240 g (8.5 oz) $169 April 2013 1500mAh
Kobo AuraN514 E-ink Pearl 6" 1024x768 213 Capacitive touchscreen[3] 4 GB 32 GB microSD Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz Wi-Fi 150 x 114 x 8.1 mm (5.9 x 5.6 x 0.3 in) 174 g (6.1 oz) $149 August 2013 1500mAh
Kobo Aura H2ON250 E-ink Carta 6.8" 1440x1080 265 Infrared touchscreen[3] 4 GB (internal microSD) 32 GB microSD Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz Wi-Fi Waterproofed 179 x 129 x 9.7 mm 233 g (8.22 oz) $179 October 2014 1400mAh / 512MB RAM
Kobo Glo HDN437 E-ink Carta 6" 1448x1072 300 Infrared touchscreen[3] 4 GB (internal microSD)[8] No Freescale SoloLite iMX.6 1 GHz Wi-Fi ComfortLight 157 x 114 x 10 mm (6.2 x 4.5 x 0.4 in) 180 g (6.3 oz) $129 May 2015
Kobo Touch 2.0N587 E-ink Pearl 6" 800x600 167 Infrared touchscreen[3] 4 GB No Freescale SoloLite iMX.6 1 GHz Wi-Fi 157 x 115 x 9.2 mm 185g $61 September 2015
Kobo Aura Edition 2N236 E-ink Carta 6" 1024x768 212 Infrared touchscreen[9] 4 GB No Freescale SoloLite iMX.6 1 GHz Wi-Fi 154.5 x 109 x 8.5 mm 180g $119 September 2016
Kobo Aura One[10]N709 E-ink Carta 7.8" 1872x1404 300 Capacitive touchscreen[9] 8 GB No Freescale SoloLite i.MX 6 1GHz Wi-Fi Waterproofed,

ComfortLight PRO[11]

195.1 x 138.5 x 6.9 mm 252 g $230 September 2016 512MB RAM
Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2N867 E-ink Carta 6.8" 1440x1080 265 Capacitive touchscreen[9] 8 GB (soldered)[12] No Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz Wi-Fi Waterproofed,

ComfortLight PRO

172 x 129 x 8.9 mm 210g $180 May 2017 1500mAh / 512MB
Kobo Clara HDN249 E-ink Carta 6" 1448x1072 300 Capacitive touchscreen[9] 8 GB (internal microSD)[13] No Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz Wi-Fi ComfortLight PRO 159.6 x 110 x 8.35 mm 166g $119.99 June 2018 1500mAh / 512MB
Kobo Forma[14]N782 E-ink Mobius Carta 8" 1920x1440 300 Capacitive touchscreen/buttons[9] 8 GB or 32 GB No Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz Wi-Fi Waterproofed, ComfortLight PRO, Flexible substrate 160 x 177.7 x 8.5 mm 197g $249.99 October 2018 1200mAh / 512MB RAM
Kobo Libra H2O[15][16]N873 E-ink Carta 7" 1680x1264 300 Capacitive touchscreen/buttons 8 GB No Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz Wi-Fi Waterproofed, ComfortLight PRO 144 x 159 x 5.0 - 7.8 mm 192g $169.99 September 2019 1200mAh / 512MB RAM
Kobo Nia[17][18]N306 E-ink Carta 6" 1024x758 212 Capacitive touchscreen 8 GB No Freescale i.MX 6 ULL 900MHz Wi-Fi ComfortLight 112.4 x 159.3 x 9.2 mm 172g $99.99 July 2020 1000mAh / 256MB RAM
Kobo Elipsa[19]N604 E-ink Carta 1200 10.3" 1404x1872 227 Capacitive touchscreen/Pen 32 GB No Allwinner B300 Quad Core @ 1.8 GHz Wi-Fi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, USB-C, Bluetooth (preview) ComfortLight 193 x 227.5 x 7.6 mm 383g $399.99 June 2021 2400mAh / 1GB RAM
Kobo Libra 2[20]N418 E-ink Carta 1200 7" 1680x1264 300 Capacitive touchscreen/buttons 32 GB (internal microSD)[21] No Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz WiFi 802.11 b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C Waterproof, ComfortLight Pro, Dark Mode, Audiobooks 144.6 x 161.6 x 9 mm 215g $179.99 October 2021 1420mAh / 512MB
Kobo Sage[22]N778 E-ink Carta 1200 8" 1920x1440 300 Capacitive touchscreen/buttons/Pen compatible 32 GB No Allwinner B300 Quad Core @ 1.8 GHz WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C Waterproof, ComfortLight Pro, Dark Mode, Dropbox support, Audiobooks 160.5 x 181.4 x 7.6 mm 240.8g $259.99 October 2021 1200mAh
Kobo Clara 2E[23]N506 E-ink Carta 1200 6" 1448x1072 300 Capacitive touchscreen 16 GB (internal microSD)[24] No Freescale Solo Lite 1 GHz WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C Waterproof, ComfortLight Pro, Dark Mode, Audiobooks 112.05 x 159.02 x 8.66 mm 171g $129.99 September 2022 1500mAh / 512MB RAM
Kobo Elipsa 2E[25]N605 E-ink Carta 1200 10.3" 1404x1872 227 Capacitive touchscreen/Pen 32 GB No MediaTek MT8113 dual-core 2 GHz WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n (dual band), Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C ComfortLight PRO, Dark Mode, Audiobooks 193 x 227 x 7.5 mm 390g $399.99 Mid 2023 2400mAh[26] / 1GB

Current

Common attributes

All Kobo e-readers share a unique pagination system giving users the option to either count and reference pages separately within each chapter or in the book as a whole. Up until an update in January 2022 Kobo readers required connection to the Internet during the initial setup phase and did not work until they were connected to Kobo's servers; however, they now support "sideload mode," which allows the reader to be used without registering it to a Kobo account,[27] Kobo e-readers support viewing KEPUB (Kobo's proprietary ebook format based on the EPUB format), EPUB, Adobe PDF, plain text, HTML, and unprotected Mobipocket (MOBI, PRC) e-books. Some also support other formats, such as ZIM, unofficially.

Kobo Nia

The Kobo Nia was released on 21 July 2020. It has a 6-inch E-Ink display at 1024 x 758 pixels, with a density of 212 ppi.[17]

Kobo Libra 2

The Libra 2 was released in October 2021.

The Kobo Sage and Kobo Libra 2 are the first Kobo ereaders to come with Bluetooth support; thus, audiobooks can be played from the e-reader with the use of an external Bluetooth speaker. The Kobo Libra 2 is upgraded with USB-C over the previous standard, Micro-USB. The Libra 2 features a 7-inch E-ink Carta 1200 display with 1680 x 1264 resolution and 300 PPI. It has 32 GB of storage.[28][29]

Kobo Forma

The Kobo Forma was released in November 2018. It has an 8-inch, 300 ppi E-Ink display that can be held by right- and left-handed people, and it can be flipped horizontally. It has physical page up and page down buttons to flip pages.[30]

Kobo's website gives the following technical specifications:[31]

  • Features: Waterproof IPX8 – up to 60 mins in 2 meters of water
  • Screen: 8.0" 300 PPI E Ink Mobius Carta display, 1920 x 1440 resolution, flexible substrate
  • Weight: 197 g
  • Size: 160 x 177.7 x 8.5 (thickness at gripping area) and 4.2 (thickness at the thinner side)
  • Storage: 8 GB or 32 GB
  • Front-light: ComfortLight PRO – Adjustable color temperature
  • Customizability with 11 different fonts and over 50 font styles with a font weight and sharpness setting
  • Supported formats: 14 file formats supported natively (EPUB, EPUB3, PDF, MOBI, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP, TIFF, TXT, HTML, RTF, CBZ, CBR)
  • Connectivity: Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, Micro USB
  • Battery Life: 1200 mAh, weeks of battery life

Kobo Clara 2E

The Clara 2E was released in September 2022. It has a 6-inch E-Ink display with 1448 x 1072 resolution and 300 ppi, and the exterior is made with 85% recycled plastics.[23]

Kobo Elipsa 2E

The Kobo Elipsa 2E was released on 19 April 2023. It has a 10.3-inch E-Ink display at 1404 x 1872 pixels, with a density of 227 ppi and an updated stylus.[25]

Discontinued

Kobo eReader

Kobo Inc. announced its first e-reader on 24 March 2010, at the CTIA show.[32] The device was officially released on 1 May 2010.[33] It had expandable memory, holding an additional 4 GB via an SD slot and limited wireless connectivity via Bluetooth to select Blackberry wireless devices. It was available in black or white and came preloaded with 100 public domain books.[1] It was manufactured by Netronix Inc.,[34] a Taiwan based company with factories in Taiwan and China .[35]

The pricing strategy of the original Kobo, at US$149, was to rival the Amazon Kindle, which was US$110 more expensive.[1] However, in June 2010, just after the Kobo was released, Amazon dropped the price of the Kindle to US$189.[36] Its pricing strategy in Australia was similarly aggressive where it was available for A$199, again A$100 less than the Kindle.[37] Borders Australia said that they hoped to sell high volumes of the Kobo to drive up sales at their e-content store.[37]

The original Kobo received a mediocre review from CNET, which said that, while the Kobo was compact, lightweight and affordable, the lack of Wi-Fi or 3G made it outdated, especially when there were similarly priced eReaders available with those features.[36]

In December 2010, the original Kobo's feature set was updated with a firmware update to more closely match the Wifi model.[38]

Kobo Wi-Fi

A new model with Wi-Fi capability was released on 15 October 2010. It included an improved processor, screen, and new colour choices (porcelain/metallic silver, porcelain/pearlized lilac, and onyx). The SD expansion had been improved to claim a capacity for up to 10,000 books with a 32 GB SD card.[39] Other improvements included a longer battery life and a built-in dictionary.[40]

Like the original model, the Wi-Fi model came pre-loaded with 100 public domain books.[39]

Kobo Touch

The Kobo Touch was released in June 2011.[41] It introduced an infrared 6-inch touchscreen interface. Other improvements compared to the Kobo Wi-Fi included an E Ink Pearl screen, a faster processor capable of PDF panning, 802.11n capability, and reduced size and weight.[42]

Kobo Glo

The Kobo Glo is an e-reader released on 6 September 2012. It is a front-lit, touch-based E Ink reader.[43] The Kobo Glo supports most ebook standards, including EPUB. It has a 6-inch touchscreen, 1024 × 768 resolution, 213 ppi, 6.53 oz, 2 GB of storage, and supports microSD.[44]

Kobo Mini

The Kobo Mini is smaller, at 5-inch, and lighter than standard ebook readers. It was released on 6 September 2012. It has 2 GB internal storage and Wi-Fi. The 5" E Ink Vizplex screen has a resolution of 800 x 600 with 200 ppi.

Kobo Aura

The Kobo Aura is the baseline e-reader with a 6-inch E Ink ClarityScreen display with 1024 × 768 resolution, 16-level grey scale, and a built-in LED front-light. It has 4 GB storage, weighs 173g (6.1 oz), has two months of battery life, a Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz processor, and a microSD expansion slot.[45][46] It was released in September 2013.[2]

Kobo Aura HD

The Aura HD was a limited-edition device, released on 25 April 2013, with a 6.8-inch E Ink display, with a high resolution of 1440 × 1080 with 265 ppi.[47] It is 8.47 oz and has a microSD expansion slot. Other improvements compared to the Kobo Touch included a built-in "ComfortLight" LED light, a faster processor (1 GHz), twice the onboard storage (4 GB), and twice the battery life (estimated at two months).

Kobo Aura H2O

The Aura H2O, released on 1 October 2014, is the second commercial waterproof e-reader. It has an upgraded version of the Aura HD's 6.8-inch E Ink Carta display with a resolution of 1440 × 1080 with 265 ppi.[48] While its screen is improved over the Aura HD, it contains the same processor, on-board storage, and software as the Aura HD, and has dust/waterproofing – certified to be immersed for up to 30 minutes in up to 1 meter of water with its port cover closed.[49]

Kobo Glo HD

The Kobo Glo HD, released on 1 May 2015, is an e-reader with an E Ink Carta screen and is the successor to 2012's Glo. It has a 6-inch screen in a resolution of 1448 × 1072, or 300 ppi, matching the resolution of the Kindle Voyage.

Kobo Touch 2.0

The Kobo Touch 2.0 was released on 8 September 2015, as an entry level e-reader[50] with an E Ink Pearl 6-inch display with a resolution of 800×600 and 167 ppi. The exterior is similar in appearance to the Kobo Glo HD and it has a 1 GHz Freescale i.MX6 Solo Lite Processor and 4 GB of internal storage.

Kobo Clara HD

The Clara HD was released on 5 June 2018.[51] It has a 6-inch, 300 ppi screen.[52]

Kobo Aura One

The Kobo Aura One was released on 6 September 2016, and it is the first e-reader with a 7.8-inch E Ink Carta HD waterproof touchscreen display with a 300 ppi screen.[53] The Aura One weighs 252 grams and measures 195 by 138.5 by 6.9 mm. It has Wi-Fi, 8 GB internal storage, and 512 MB RAM. The Aura One is lit by nine white LEDs and eight RGB LEDs around the frame. The additional RGB LEDs allow the device to have a night reading mode that limits the blue light that comes from white LEDs.[54] The Aura One was the first Kobo eReader with built-in OverDrive support.[55]

Kobo Aura Edition 2

The Kobo Aura Edition 2 was released with the Kobo Aura One in September 2016 as "a refreshed version of a beloved classic".[56] It has a 6-inch E Ink Carta display with a resolution of 1024 × 768 at 212 ppi. The exterior styling is similar to the Kobo Aura One. Unlike the original Kobo Aura, there is no MicroSD slot. The specifications are otherwise similar to the original Kobo Aura.

Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2

The Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2 was released in May 2017.[57] It has a 6.8-inch E Ink HD Carta waterproof IPX8 display at 265 ppi.[58] Its LED light, called the "ComfortLight PRO", can automatically reduce blue-light exposure during the night to lower the screen's effect on sleep.[59]

Kobo Libra H2O

Kobo Libra H2O was released on 15 September 2019.[15]

The Libra features a 7-inch E Ink Carta HD display with a resolution of 1,680 x 1,264 and 300 PPI.[60]


Market share

Global

Global e-book readers shipment in 2015[61]
Sellers Percent
Kobo
 
 13.11%
Amazon
 
 53.30%
PocketBook
 
 9.02%

Canada

The Kobo e-reading platform was, as of January 2012, the best-selling in Canada. Research firm Ipsos-Reid estimating that Kobo e-readers represented 46% of the Canadian market.[62]

Market share of e-readers in Canada by Ipsos Reid at January 2012[62]
Sellers Percent
Kobo
 
 46.0%
Amazon
 
 24.0%
Sony
 
 18.0%
Others
 
 12.0%

France

As of spring 2012, Kobo had 50% of the market share in France.[63]

Other countries

In August 2013, Kobo was the second largest ebook retailer in Japan, and Forbes estimated it at 3% of the market share in the United States.[64]


Selected subsidiaries

In October 2012, Kobo Inc. acquired the digital publishing platform Aquafadas to increase the content available on its e-reader devices.[65]

Software

Alternative, open source firmware is available for the Kobo eReader family. This includes KoReader.

KoReader provides numerous benefits and functionalities that can enhance the e-reading experience. Some of its noteworthy features include:

  • Advanced typesetting capabilities, including support for custom fonts and fine-tuning of line-spacing and margins.
  • Extensive file format support, including EPUB, PDF, DJVU, MOBI, FB2, TXT, HTML, and more.
  • Reader-centric functionality such as built-in dictionary lookup, translation tools, and Wikipedia integration for quick reference.
  • Customizable gesture controls and physical button remapping options.
  • Night mode with adjustable frontlight settings and a blue light filter for comfortable nighttime reading.
  • Synchronization capabilities with cloud services enabling users to sync reading positions across multiple devices.
  • Open-source plugins that add functionality like news downloading and RSS reading.[66]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nowak, Peter (24 March 2010), "Indigo targets Amazon with Kobo e-reader", News (Canada: CBC), http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2010/03/24/kobo-ebook-reader-indigo.html .
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Haselton, Todd (2013-09-28). "Kobo Arc 7, Arc 10HD and Aura Hands-On". TechnoBuffalo LLC. http://www.technobuffalo.com/2013/08/28/kobo-arc-7-arc-10hd-and-aura-hands-on/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "6-inch eBook Reader Comparison Table". https://www.the-ebook-reader.com/ebook-reader-table.html. 
  4. ↑ "Glo Memory Upgrade Mod Guide (With Pictures) - MobileRead Forums". https://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=209122. 
  5. ↑ "5-inch eBook Reader Comparison Table". https://www.the-ebook-reader.com/ereader-comparison.html. 
  6. ↑ "Mini Mini Teardown - MobileRead Forums". https://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=193321. 
  7. ↑ "Aura HD Request for KOBO AURA HD microSD image - MobileRead Forums". https://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=321560. 
  8. ↑ Kozlowski, Michael (2015-04-24). "The Kobo Glo HD Has a Hidden SD Card" (in en-US). https://goodereader.com/blog/electronic-readers/the-kobo-glo-hd-has-an-sd-card. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 "The eBook Reader Comparison Tables". https://www.the-ebook-reader.com/ebook-reader-comparison.html. 
  10. ↑ Albertini, Javier Penalva y (8 December 2016). "Kobo Aura One, análisis: hay vida (incluso mejor) después del rey Kindle". https://www.xataka.com/analisis/kobo-aura-one-analisis-hay-vida-incluso-mejor-despues-del-rey-kindle. 
  11. ↑ Store, Rakuten Kobo eReader. "Kobo Aura ONE" (in en). https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-aura-one. 
  12. ↑ Hoffelder, Nate (2017-05-04). "Kobo Aura H2O (2017) Teardown Reveals There's No Internal Card Slot" (in en-US). https://the-digital-reader.com/kobo-aura-h2o-2017-teardown-reveals-theres-no-internal-card-slot/. 
  13. ↑ "Hacking the Kobo Clara HD – 1: Hacking the internal microSD storage". 29 July 2018. https://yingtongli.me/blog/2018/07/29/kobo-sd.html. 
  14. ↑ Kozlowski, Michael (24 October 2018). "Kobo Forma e-Reader Review". https://goodereader.com/blog/electronic-readers/kobo-forma-e-reader-review. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Store, Rakuten Kobo eReader. "Kobo Libra H2O". https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-libra-h2o. 
  16. ↑ Kozlowski, Michael (7 September 2019). "Kobo Libra H2O Review". https://goodereader.com/blog/reviews/kobo-libra-h2o-review. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Kobo Nia" (in en). https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-nia. 
  18. ↑ Sarkar, Sharmishta (15 July 2020). "Kobo Nia review" (in en). https://www.techradar.com/uk/reviews/kobo-nia. 
  19. ↑ "Kobo Elipsa" (in en). https://ca.kobobooks.com/collections/ereaders/products/kobo-elipsa. 
  20. ↑ "Kobo Libra 2" (in en). https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-libra-2. 
  21. ↑ "Libra 2 I changed the sdcard of my Kobo Libra 2 - MobileRead Forums". https://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=348546. 
  22. ↑ "Kobo Sage" (in en). https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-sage. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Kobo Clara 2E" (in en). https://ca.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-clara-2e. 
  24. ↑ frtls (2022-09-22). "Kobo 2E Internal Images - SD Card Confirmed". http://www.reddit.com/r/ereader/comments/xl853y/kobo_2e_internal_images_sd_card_confirmed/. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Kobo Elipsa 2E" (in en). https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-elipsa-2e. 
  26. ↑ "Hands on: Kobo Elipsa 2E – stiff competition for the Kindle Scribe" (in en). 2023-04-05. https://www.techradar.com/reviews/kobo-elipsa-2e. 
  27. ↑ Kozlowski, Michael (2022-01-22). "Kobo unveils Sideload Mode to their e-readers" (in en-US). https://goodereader.com/blog/electronic-readers/kobo-unveils-sideload-mode-to-their-e-readers. 
  28. ↑ "Kobo's new ereaders show asymmetry is here to stay, and we're all for it". 5 October 2021. https://www.techradar.com/sg/news/kobos-new-ereaders-show-asymmetry-is-here-to-stay-and-were-all-for-it. 
  29. ↑ "Kobo Libra 2 vs Kindle Paperwhite 5. Which one is for you?". 18 October 2021. https://goodereader.com/blog/electronic-readers/kobo-libra-2-vs-kindle-paperwhite-5-which-one-is-for-you. 
  30. ↑ Palladino, Valentina (22 November 2018). "Kobo Forma review: A formidable opponent for Amazon's Kindle Oasis". https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/11/kobo-forma-review-a-formidable-opponent-for-amazons-kindle-oasis/. 
  31. ↑ Store, Rakuten Kobo eReader. "Kobo Forma". https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-forma. 
  32. ↑ Hamblen, Matt (25 March 2010), "Kobo announces $149 e-reader to be sold by Borders", Computerworld, http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9174123/Kobo_announces_149_e_reader_to_be_sold_by_Borders_?taxonomyId=140 .
  33. ↑ "Homegrown Kobo hits the shelves", The Globe and Mail, 29 April 2010, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/personal-tech/gadgets/review-homegrown-kobo-hits-the-shelves/article1551370/ .
  34. ↑ "Kobo model N416", OET Exhibits List, FCC, http://fccid.net/number.php?id=500705&fcc=NOIKBN416 .
  35. ↑ About, Netronix, http://www.netronixinc.com/aboutnetronix.htm .
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Kobo eReader Review". C net. http://reviews.cnet.com/e-book-readers/kobo-ereader/4505-3508_7-34027263.html#reviewPage1. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Bhatt, Neerav (13 May 2010). "Borders to sell Kobo e-Book reader for A$199". iTnews. http://www.itnews.com.au/News/174625,borders-to-sell-kobo-e-book-reader-for-199.aspx. 
  38. ↑ Geier, K.. "Customers with the original Kobo eReader we are happy to announce that Newspapers and Magazines Now Available!". Blog. Kobo. http://blog.kobobooks.com/2010/12/14/customers-with-the-original-kobo-ereader-we-are-happy-to-announce-that-newspapers-and-magazines-now-available/. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Features". Ereader. Kobo. http://koboereader.com/cad/kobo-e-reader-features. 
  40. ↑ Pilato, Fabrizio (29 September 2010). "Kobo WiFi edition is cheaper, faster and sharper". Mobile Magazine. http://www.mobilemag.com/2010/09/29/kobo-wifi-edition-is-cheaper-faster-and-sharper/. 
  41. ↑ Ridden, Paul (25 May 2011). "Kobo launches new e-Reader Touch edition". Gizmag. http://www.gizmag.com/kobo-ereader-touch-edition/18712/. 
  42. ↑ "eReader Touch Specs". Books. Kobo. http://kobobooks.com/touch_tech. 
  43. ↑ "Welcome the New Kobo Family of Devices – An eReader for Everyone!". Toronto: Kobo. 6 September 2012. http://blog.kobobooks.com/welcome-the-new-kobo-family-of-devices-%E2%80%93-an-ereader-for-everyone/. 
  44. ↑ "Specs", Kobo Glo, Gdgt, http://gdgt.com/kobo/glo/specs/ .
  45. ↑ "Tech specs". Aura. Kobo. http://www.kobo.com/koboaura#techspecs/. 
  46. ↑ "Kobo's new tablets compete with Google's Nexuses on price, specs". Ars Technica. Aug 2013. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/08/kobos-new-tablets-compete-with-googles-nexuses-on-price-specs/. 
  47. ↑ "Kobo crams 1.5 million pixels into its 6.8" Aura HD e-reader". Ars Technica. 15 April 2013. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/04/kobo-crams-1-5-million-pixels-into-its-6-8-aura-hd-e-reader/. 
  48. ↑ "Kobo crams 1.5 million pixels into its 6.8" Aura H2O e-reader". Ars Technica. April 2016. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/04/kobo-crams-1-5-million-pixels-into-its-6-8-aura-hd-e-reader/. 
  49. ↑ "Kobo Aura H2O Technical Specs". Kobo. Rakuten. http://www.kobo.com/koboaurah2o#techspecs. 
  50. ↑ ‘Kobo Touch 2.0 e-Reader Review’, Good ereader, 8 September 2015.
  51. ↑ Kobo. "Rakuten Kobo Launches Kobo Clara HD: Its Newest Entry-Level, Feature-Rich eReader" (in en-us). https://news.kobo.com/news-releases/rakuten-kobo-launches-kobo-clara-hd-its-newest-entry-level-feature-rich-ereader. 
  52. ↑ "Kobo Clara HD - Rakuten Kobo eReader Store" (in en-us). https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-clara-hd. 
  53. ↑ ‘Kobo Aura One Leaks, Has a 300 PPI 7.8″ E-ink Screen for 229 Euros’, The Digital Reader, 2016-8-9, retrieved 15 August 2016.
  54. ↑ ‘Hands On With Kobo Aura One Night Mode (video)’, The Digital Reader, 2016-8-17, retrieved 18 August 2016.
  55. ↑ ‘Get connected to your local public library right from your Kobo Aura ONE with built-in OverDrive‘ Kobo.
  56. ↑ ‘Announcing Kobo Aura One: A breakthrough waterproof ereader designed with the help of real book lovers’, Kobo, Rakuten, August 2016.
  57. ↑ Kiran, Rao (8 September 2019). "Kobo Libra H2O cheaper but better than Kindle Oasis". LookGadgets. https://lookgadgets.com/rakunten-announces-kobo-libra-h20/. 
  58. ↑ "Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2". Rakuten. https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-aura-h2o-edition-2. 
  59. ↑ "Kobo's new Aura H2O is a smaller, cheaper version of its best e-reader". The verge. 2017-05-02. https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/5/2/15520900/kobo-aura-h20-smaller-cheaper-e-reader. 
  60. ↑ "Kobo Libra H2O Review". 7 September 2019. https://goodereader.com/blog/reviews/kobo-libra-h2o-review. 
  61. ↑ "eReader Market Share 2019 Global Industry Size, Growth, Trend, Demand, Top Players, Opportunities and Forecast to 2025" (in en-US). https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/ereader-market-share-2019-global-industry-size-growth-trend-demand-top-players-opportunities-and-forecast-to-2025-2019-10-21. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 Barbour, Mary Beth (2012-04-19). "Latest Wave of Ipsos Study Reveals Mobile Device Brands Canadian Consumers are Considering in 2012". Ipsos Reid. http://www.ipsos-na.com/news-polls/pressrelease.aspx?id=5596. 
  63. ↑ Reid, Calvin (2012-04-20). "With More Funding, Kobo Steps Up". Publishers Weekly. http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/retailing/article/51625-with-more-funding-kobo-steps-up.html. 
  64. ↑ "Taking Another Look at Ebook Upstart Kobo". Forbes. 2013-08-14. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeremygreenfield/2013/08/28/taking-another-look-at-ebook-upstart-kobo/. 
  65. ↑ "Kobo acquires Aquafadas". Aquafadas Blog. 10 October 2012. http://blog.aquafadas.com/events-news/kobo-acquiert-aquafadas-press-release/. 
  66. ↑ "KOReader". https://koreader.rocks/. 

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