Semantic publishing
Semantic publishing on the Web, or semantic web publishing, refers to publishing information on the web as documents accompanied by semantic markup. Semantic publication provides a way for computers to understand the structure and even the meaning of the published information, making information search and data integration more efficient.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Although semantic publishing is not specific to the Web, it has been driven by the rising of the semantic web. In the semantic web, published information is accompanied by metadata describing the information, providing a "semantic" context.[8][9][10]
Although semantic publishing has the potential to change the face of web publishing, acceptance depends on the emergence of compelling applications. Web sites can already be built with all contents in both HTML format and semantic format.[11] RSS1.0, uses RDF (a semantic web standard) format, although it has become less popular than RSS2.0 and Atom.[12]
Semantic publishing has the potential to revolutionize scientific publishing. Tim Berners-Lee predicted in 2001 that the semantic web "will likely profoundly change the very nature of how scientific knowledge is produced and shared, in ways that we can now barely imagine".[13] Revisiting the semantic web in 2006, he and his colleagues believed the semantic web "could bring about a revolution in how, for example, scientific content is managed throughout its life cycle".[8] Researchers could directly self-publish their experiment data in "semantic" format on the web. Semantic search engines could then make these data widely available. The W3C interest group in healthcare and life sciences is exploring this idea.[14]
Two approaches
- Publish information as data objects using semantic web languages like RDF and OWL. Ontology is usually developed for a specific information domain, which can formally represent the data in its domain. Semantic publishing of more general information like product information, news, and job openings uses so-called shallow ontology.[12] The SWEO Linking Open Data Project[15] maintains a list of data sources[16] that follow this approach as well as a list of Semantic Publishing Tools.[17]
- Express structured data in markup languages with RDFa, embed or publish information using JSON-LD, Turtle, TriG syntaxes.
Examples
Examples of ontologies and vocabularies for publishing
|
Examples "semantic content" containers for publishing
|
Examples of free or open source tools and services
- Ambra Project is open source software designed to publish open access journals with RDF. Used by PLoS.
- Semantic MediaWiki: An extension to the wiki application MediaWiki that allows users to semantically annotate data on the wiki, and then publish it in formats such as RDF XML.
- D2R Server: Tool for publishing relational databases on the Semantic Web as Linked Data and SPARQL endpoints.
- Utopia Documents Interactive documents[18]
- dokieli is a client-side editor for decentralized article publishing in HTML+RDFa (and embeddable TriG, Turtle, JSON-LD), annotations and social interactions. It implements W3C specifications: Web Annotation, Linked Data Notifications, Activity Streams 2.0, ActivityPub. Employs WebID+TLS and WebID+OIDC for authentication, Web access control list and compliant with Linked Data Platform. Articles and annotations can be individually assigned with a Creative Commons license as well as a language. Its source code uses the Apache License, Version 2.0.
See also
- JSON-LD
- Metadata
- Metadata publishing
- Open Semantic Framework
- Semantic technology
- RDF feed
- Data feed
References
- ↑ Attwood, T. K.; Kell, D. B.; McDermott, P.; Marsh, J.; Pettifer, S. R.; Thorne, D. (2009). "Calling International Rescue: Knowledge lost in literature and data landslide!". Biochemical Journal 424 (3): 317–333. doi:10.1042/BJ20091474. PMID 19929850.
- ↑ Batchelor, C.R., and Corbett, P.T. (2007) Semantic enrichment of journal articles using chemical named entity recognition. Proceedings of the ACL 2007 Demo and Poster Sessions, pages 45–48, Prague, June 2007.
- ↑ Pettifer, S.; McDermott, P.; Marsh, J.; Thorne, D.; Villeger, A.; Attwood, T. K. (2011). "Ceci n'est pas un hamburger: Modelling and representing the scholarly article". Learned Publishing 24 (3): 207. doi:10.1087/20110309.
- ↑ Shotton, D. (2009). "Semantic publishing: The coming revolution in scientific journal publishing". Learned Publishing 22 (2): 85–94. doi:10.1087/2009202. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7f7245ae-5ead-44ed-ad7c-e47a70f3c37c/datastreams/ATTACHMENT01.
- ↑ Shotton, D.; Portwin, K.; Klyne, G.; Miles, A. (2009). Bourne, Philip E. ed. "Adventures in Semantic Publishing: Exemplar Semantic Enhancements of a Research Article". PLOS Computational Biology 5 (4): e1000361. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000361. PMID 19381256. Bibcode: 2009PLSCB...5E0361S.
- ↑ Shadbolt, Nigel; Berners-Lee, Tim; Hall, Wendy (May–June 2006). "The Semantic Web Revisited". IEEE Intelligent Systems 21 (3): 96–101. doi:10.1109/MIS.2006.62. http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262614/1/Semantic_Web_Revisted.pdf.
- ↑ Berners-Lee, T.; Hendler, J. (2001). "Publishing on the semantic web". Nature 410 (6832): 1023–1024. doi:10.1038/35074206. PMID 11323639. Bibcode: 2001Natur.410.1023B.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Shadbolt, Berners-Lee & Hall 2006.
- ↑ Stefan Gradmann: From Catalogs to Graphs: Changing Terms for a Changing Profession
- ↑ Hull, D.; Pettifer, S.; Kell, D. (Oct 2008). McEntyre, Johanna. ed. "Defrosting the digital library: bibliographic tools for the next generation web". PLOS Computational Biology 4 (10): e1000204. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000204. ISSN 1553-734X. PMID 18974831. Bibcode: 2008PLSCB...4E0204H.
- ↑
Examples are:
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This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Semantic publishing}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Semantic publishing|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Semantic publishing|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
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Danish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Northern Sami pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Mandarin pronunciation: [{{{ipa}}}]Cantonese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Entry from Semantic publishing from TCI Europe, retrieved on {{{Date}}}Chambers, Robert; Thomson, Thomas Napier (1857). "[[s:A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen/|]]". A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen. Glasgow: Blackie and Son.{{{1}}}Polish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Malagasy pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Japanese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Armenian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Czech pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]∶Manx pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/full/{{{1}}}/0 Alemannic German pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tagalog pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]French pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Error: Invalid time.This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Semantic publishing}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Semantic publishing|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Semantic publishing|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
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|- | ... | — | — | — | — | — | —
|-Old Norse pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Salish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Basque pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | UnreleasedNorwegian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] (aged {{{4}}})Hungarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Quechua pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Punjabi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Romanian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hebrew pronunciation: [{{{1}}}][INVALID OR MISSING PARAMETER IN TEMPLATE Semantic publishing]Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tamil pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindustani pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Swedish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kazakh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Lao pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tibetan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Khmer pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na" | —{{{1}}}Welsh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]
Partially doneAthabaskan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Māori pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]IPA: [{{{1}}}]Bulgarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Korean pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Icelandic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Sanskrit pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Bengali pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Indonesian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]CROSBI {{{1}}}mindswap [verification needed]
Slovene pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Thai pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Neukirch, Jürgen; Schmidt, Alexander; Wingberg, Kay (2000), Cohomology of Number Fields, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, 323, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-66671-4Template:ScribuntoPersian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{| class="wikitable" width="100%"This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably.! rowspan="3" colspan="2" width="14%" style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Date/Time (UTC) ! Configuration ! Serial number ! Launch site ! Outcome |-
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Parameter 1=time required!Hawaiian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]German pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Dutch pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Belarusian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Catalan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}Mongolian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Javanese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Semantic publishing}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Semantic publishing|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Semantic publishing|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
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|-
|-
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{{Semantic publishing}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Semantic publishing|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Semantic publishing|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
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|- | ... | — | — | — | — | — | —
|-Old Norse pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Salish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Basque pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | UnreleasedNorwegian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] (aged {{{4}}})Hungarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Quechua pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Punjabi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Romanian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hebrew pronunciation: [{{{1}}}][INVALID OR MISSING PARAMETER IN TEMPLATE Semantic publishing]Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tamil pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindustani pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Swedish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kazakh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Lao pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tibetan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Khmer pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na" | —{{{1}}}Welsh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] Partially doneAthabaskan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Māori pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]IPA: [{{{1}}}]Bulgarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Korean pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Icelandic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Sanskrit pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Bengali pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Indonesian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]CROSBI {{{1}}} UMBC ebiquity, http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/
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Parameter 1=time required!Hawaiian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]German pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Dutch pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Belarusian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Catalan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}Mongolian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Javanese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is desktop only. See Template:Navbox visibility for a brief explanation. This is a navigational template created using {{navbox}}. It can be transcluded on pages by placing
{{Semantic publishing}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Semantic publishing|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Semantic publishing|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
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|-
|-
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{{Semantic publishing}}below the standard article appendices.Initial visibility
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to
autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.To change this template's initial visibility, the
|state=parameter may be used:{{Semantic publishing|state=collapsed}}will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Semantic publishing|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
Templates using the classes
class=navbox({{navbox}}) orclass=nomobile({{sidebar}}) are not displayed in article space on the mobile web site of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views accounted for 60% to 70% of all page views from 2020 through 2025. Briefly, these templates are not included in articles because 1) they are not well designed for mobile, and 2) they significantly increase page sizes—bad for mobile downloads—in a way that is not useful for the mobile use case. You can review/watch phab:T124168 for further discussion.TemplateData
A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles.
Template parameters[Edit template data]
Parameter Description Type Status State stateThe initial visibility of the navbox
- Suggested values
collapsedexpandedautocollapse
String suggested In progressPalomares, M. L. D. and Pauly, D., eds. (2011). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in SeaLifeBase. April 2011 version.Turkish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Finnish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2006). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
|- | ... | — | — | — | — | — | —
|-Old Norse pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Salish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Basque pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | UnreleasedNorwegian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] (aged {{{4}}})Hungarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Quechua pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Punjabi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Romanian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hebrew pronunciation: [{{{1}}}][INVALID OR MISSING PARAMETER IN TEMPLATE Semantic publishing]Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tamil pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindustani pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Swedish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kazakh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Lao pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tibetan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Khmer pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na" | —{{{1}}}Welsh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] Partially doneAthabaskan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Māori pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]IPA: [{{{1}}}]Bulgarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Korean pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Icelandic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Sanskrit pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Bengali pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Indonesian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]CROSBI {{{1}}}"Why publishes[sic raw experiment data?"]. web2express.org. December 5, 2006. http://web2express.org/openlab.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Web2express.org applies RDF to various data feeds. Anyone can use their service: "Unified Data Feed". web2express.org. http://web2express.org/ufeed/, to create and provide RDF data resources and datafeeds for products, news, events, jobs and studies.
- ↑ Berners-Lee & Hendler 2001
- ↑ "HCLS/ScientificPublishingTaskForce". W2C. http://esw.w3.org/topic/HCLS/ScientificPublishingTaskForce. "About Demo". http://web2express.org/demo.
- ↑ "SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData". W2C. https://www.w3.org/wiki/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData.
- ↑ list of data sources
- ↑ Semantic Publishing Tools
- ↑ Attwood, T. K.; Kell, D. B.; McDermott, P.; Marsh, J.; Pettifer, S. R.; Thorne, D. (2010). "Utopia documents: Linking scholarly literature with research data". Bioinformatics 26 (18): i568–i574. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq383. PMID 20823323.
Further reading
- Tutorial on How to publish Linked Data on the Web
- Resources for semantic publishing
- SePublica 2011, the first international workshop on semantic publishing
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