Astronomy:B2 0206+35

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B2 0206+35
The radio galaxy B2 0206+35.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationTriangulum
Right ascension 02h 09m 38.589s
Declination+35° 47′ 50.34″
Redshift0.036572
Helio radial velocity10,964 km/s
Distance534 Mly
Apparent magnitude (V)13.0
Apparent magnitude (B)14.9
Characteristics
TypeFR I
Notable featuresRadio galaxy
Other designations
UGC 1651, PGC 8249, OHIO D 311, 4C 35.03, ZW V 191, BWE 0206+3533, Cul 0206+355

B2 0206+35 known as UGC 1651 or 4C 35.03, is a low-luminosity Fanaroff Riley class I radio galaxy[1] located in the constellation of Triangulum. It's redshift is (z) 0.037 and it is a member of a galaxy cluster, Zwicky 0216.0+3625.[2][3]

Description

B2 0206+35 is classified as an elliptical galaxy[4] or alternatively, a dumbbell galaxy.[5] It is described as having a distorted appearance with a tidal tail and a dust lane running through its center, indicating the galaxy is interacting with a nearby galaxy located 31 kiloparsecs away at a position angle of 110°.[6]

The galaxy has two-sided radio jets found emerging straight out from the nucleus. They measure 40 kiloparsecs (kpc) northwest to southeast, with observations showing they are embedded in a radio emission halo of low surface brightness.[4][6][7] Very Large Array (VLA) resolved imaging shows the galaxy has a main jet and a counter jet. The main jet is centrally peaked, narrow with a bright base while the counter jet is wider with a limb-brighten structure, found to be the brightest between 2.5 and 6 arcseconds from the nucleus.[8]

The nucleus of the galaxy itself is described as a bright core with a flat spectrum.[9] In addition, the galaxy has radio lobes that are depicted as overlapping and circular in cross-section. One of the lobes located northwest has a circular edge found projecting beyond the emission boundaries, while the other lobe is located within the outer boundary of the source.[10]

Radio mapping by the VLA at 5 GHz, showed both lobes are polarized. Based on results, the northwest lobe has a mean fractional polarization percentage of 23.2% while the mean fractional polarization of the southeast lobe is 27.5%. Because of the difference between frequencies, this might be caused by Faraday depolarization. The polarization in the core is estimated to be either 5.6% or 5.3% according to Capetti who measured it at 1.4 GHz frequencies.[11] A magnetic field surrounds the galaxy along the line of sight, being associated with the largest amplitude band located in the lobe's outer parts.[12]

References

  1. ↑ Miller, Neal A.; Ledlow, Michael J.; Owen, Frazer N.; Hill, John M. (June 2002). "Redshifts for a Sample of Radio-selected Poor Clusters". The Astronomical Journal 123 (6): 3018–3040. doi:10.1086/340694. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2002AJ....123.3018M. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/340694/pdf. 
  2. ↑ Gonzalez-Serrano, J. I.; Perez-Fournon, I. (1991). "CCD surface photometry of the low-luminosity radio galaxies containing radio jets B2 0034+25 and B2 0206+35.". Astronomy and Astrophysics 249: 5–13. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1991A%26A...249...75G. 
  3. ↑ Gonzalez-Serrano, J. I.; Carballo, R.; Perez-Fournon, I. (May 1993). "The Optical Properties of Low Luminosity Radio Galaxies With Radio Jets" (in en). The Astronomical Journal 105: 1710. doi:10.1086/116548. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1993AJ....105.1710G. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1993AJ....105.1710G. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Trussoni, E; Massaglia, S; Ferrari, R; Fanti, R.; Feretti, L.; Parma, P.; Brinkmann, W (1997). "Hot coronae in nearby radio galaxies.". Astronomy and Astrophysics 327: 27–36. Bibcode: 1997A&A...327...27T. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1997A%26A...327...27T. 
  5. ↑ A., Valentijn, E.; S., Casertano (November 1988). "Relative velocities of dumbbell galaxies." (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 206: 27. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 1988A&A...206...27V. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1988A%26A...206...27V/0000030.000.html. Retrieved 2025-04-13. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 de Juan, Lourdes; Colina, Luis; Perez-Fournon, Ismael (April 1994). "Surface Photometry of Low-Luminosity Radio Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement 91: 507. doi:10.1086/191947. Bibcode: 1994ApJS...91..507D. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1994ApJS...91..507D. 
  7. ↑ Parma, P.; de Ruiter, H. R.; Fanti, C.; Fanti, R. (April 1986). "VLA observations of low luminosity radio galaxies. I. Sources with angular size smaller than two arcminutes." (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 64: 135–171. ISSN 0365-0138. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1986A%26AS...64..135P. 
  8. ↑ Laing, R. A.; Bridle, A. H. (2012-06-19). "Relativistic jet models for two low-luminosity radio galaxies: evidence for backflow?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 424 (2): 1149–1169. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21297.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2012MNRAS.424.1149L. 
  9. ↑ Fanti, C.; Fanti, R.; Gioia, I. M.; Lari, C.; Parma, P.; Ulrich, M. H. (September 1977). "Observations of 40 low luminosity radio galaxies with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope." (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 29: 279–292. ISSN 0365-0138. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1977A%26AS...29..279F. 
  10. ↑ Laing, R. A.; Guidetti, D.; Bridle, A. H.; Parma, P.; Bondi, M. (2011-08-31). "Deep imaging of Fanaroff-Riley Class I radio galaxies with lobes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 417 (4): 2789–2808. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19436.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2011MNRAS.417.2789L. 
  11. ↑ Lara, L.; Cotton, W. D.; Feretti, L.; Giovannini, G.; Venturi, T.; Marcaide, J. M. (January 1997). "VLBI Observations of a Complete Sample of Radio Galaxies. VII. Study of the FR I Sources 3C 31, 4C 35.03, and 3C 264". The Astrophysical Journal 474 (1): 179–187. doi:10.1086/303462. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1997ApJ...474..179L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/303462/fulltext/. 
  12. ↑ Guidetti, D.; Laing, R. A.; Bridle, A. H.; Parma, P.; Gregorini, L. (2011-03-07). "Ordered magnetic fields around radio galaxies: evidence for interaction with the environment". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 413 (4): 2525–2544. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18321.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2011MNRAS.413.2525G. 



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