Astronomy:Alpha Trianguli

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Short description: Star in the constellation Triangulum
α Trianguli
Location of α Trianguli (circled)
Observation data
{{#ifeq:J2000.0|J2000.0 (ICRS)|Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)| [[History:Epoch|Epoch J2000.0]]      [[Astronomy:Equinox (celestial coordinates)|Equinox J2000.0}}
Constellation Triangulum
AB
Right ascension  01h 53m 04.90710s[1]
Declination +29° 34′ 43.7801″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) +3.42[2]
C
Right ascension  01h 53m 01.04815s[3]
Declination +29° 37′ 03.9309″[3]
Apparent magnitude (V) {{{appmag_v2}}}
Characteristics
AB
Spectral type F5III[4] to F6IV[5] + M[6]
U−B color index +0.06[2]
B−V color index +0.48[2]
Variable type Ellipsoidal[5]
C
Evolutionary stage red dwarf[7]
Astrometry
AB
Radial velocity (Rv)−12.6[8] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +10.82[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −234.24[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)51.50 ± 0.23[1] mas
Distance63.3 ± 0.3 ly
(19.42 ± 0.09 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)1.98[9]
C
Proper motion (μ) RA: +9.922 mas/yr
Dec.: −236.07 mas/yr
Parallax (π)50.4136 ± 0.0197[3] mas
Distance64.70 ± 0.03 ly
(19.836 ± 0.008 pc)
Orbit[10]
PrimaryA
CompanionB
Period (P)1.767 days
Eccentricity (e)0.065
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		10.64 km/s
Details
α Tri A
Mass1.70[6] M☉
Radius3.22[6] R☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.91[11] cgs
Temperature6,288[11] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.09[9] to 0.00[11] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)81.6[12] km/s
Age1.6[9] Gyr
α Tri B
Mass0.11[6] M☉
Radius0.14[6] R☉
α Tri C
Mass0.403±0.013[13] M☉
Radius0.406±0.012[13] R☉
Luminosity0.0210±0.0006[13] L☉
Temperature3,420±114[13] K
Other designations
Mothallah, Ras al Muthallah, Caput Trianguli, α Trianguli,[14] 2 Trianguli, HR 544, HD 11443, BD+28°312, FK5 64, HIP 8796, SAO 74996[15]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Alpha Trianguli (α Trianguli, abbreviated Alpha Tri, α Tri) is a triple star system[16] in the constellation of Triangulum. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 63.3 light-years (19.4 parsecs) distant from the Sun.[1] The brighter or primary component is named Mothallah /məˈθælə/.[17]

Nomenclature

α Trianguli (Latinised to Alpha Trianguli) is the system's Bayer designation.

The system bore the traditional names Ras al Muthallah or Mothallah and Caput Trianguli derived from the Arabic رأس المثلث' raʼs al-muthallath "the head of the triangle" and its Latin translation.[14] The International Astronomical Union Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[18] has approved the name Mothallah for this star.[17] For members of multiple star systems, and where a component letter (e.g. from the Washington Double Star Catalog) is not explicitly shown in the namelist, the WGSN says that the name should be understood to be attributed to the visually brightest component by visual brightness.[19]

In combination with Beta Trianguli, these stars were called Al Mīzān, which is Arabic for "The Scale Beam".[20]

In Babylonian astronomy, Alpha Trianguli is listed as UR.BAR.RA "The Wolf", bearing the epithet "the seeder of the plough" in the MUL.APIN, listed after "The Plough", the name for a constellation formed of Triangulum plus Gamma Andromedae.[21]

Properties

A light curve for Alpha Trianguli, plotted from TESS data[22]

Alpha Trianguli has been known to be a spectroscopic binary since 1915.[23] In such systems, the binary nature is deduced from periodic variations in the spectral lines, corresponding to the orbital motion of the stars. In 2018, the red dwarf star[7] Alpha Trianguli C, separated by 35.8' from the outer pair, was discovered to have common proper motion Alpha Trianguli AB, thus making the system triple.[16]

Estimates of the combined stellar classification for the spectroscopic pair range from F5III[4] to F6IV,[5] with the luminosity class of 'IV' or 'III' indicating the primary component is a subgiant or giant star, respectively. It is a member of a close binary system—a spectroscopic binary—whose components complete an orbit about their center of mass once every 1.736 days. Because the primary star is rotating rapidly, it has assumed the shape of an oblate spheroid. The ellipsoidal profile of the star, as viewed from Earth, varies over the course of an orbit causing the luminosity to vary in magnitude during the same period.[5] Such stars are termed ellipsoidal variables. Within a few million years, as the primary continues to evolve into a red giant star, the system may become a semi-detached binary with the Roche lobe becoming filled to overflowing.[6]

The mean apparent magnitude of +3.42[2] for this pair is bright enough to be readily seen with the naked eye. It forms the second brightest star or star system in this generally faint constellation, following Beta Trianguli. The effective temperature of the primary's outer envelope is 6,288 K,[11] giving it a yellow-white hue typical of F-type stars.[24] It has a mean radius about three times the radius of the Sun.[5] The system is an estimated 1.6 billion years old.[9]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (2): 653–664. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. Bibcode: 2007A&A...474..653V. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Johnson, H. L. et al. (1966). "UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars". Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory 4 (99): 99. Bibcode: 1966CoLPL...4...99J. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Abt, Helmut A. (January 2009). "MK Classifications of Spectroscopic Binaries". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement 180 (1): 117–118. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/180/1/117. Bibcode: 2009ApJS..180..117A. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Fekel, Francis C.; Warner, Phillip B.; Kaye, Anthony B. (April 2003). "Spectroscopy of Early F Stars: γ Doradus Candidates and Possible Metallic Shell Stars". The Astronomical Journal 125 (4): 2196–2214. doi:10.1086/368239. Bibcode: 2003AJ....125.2196F. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Fuhrmann, Klaus (February 2008). "Nearby stars of the Galactic disc and halo - IV". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 384 (1): 173–224. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12671.x. Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.384..173F. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 J., Frith; J., Pinfield, D.; Jones, H. R. A.; R., Barnes, J.; Y., Pavlenko; L., Martin, E.; C., Brown; K., Kuznetsov, M. et al. (2013-11-01). "A catalogue of bright (K < 9) M dwarfs" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 435 (3): 2161–2170. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1436. ISSN 0035-8711. 
  8. ↑ Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953). "General catalogue of stellar radial velocities". Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication (Carnegie Institution of Washington). Bibcode: 1953GCRV..C......0W. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Nordström, B. et al. (May 2004). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ˜14 000 F and G dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics 418: 989–1019. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035959. Bibcode: 2004A&A...418..989N. 
  10. ↑ Pike, C. D.; Lloyd, C.; Stickland, D. J. (1978). "Radial velocity variations of alpha Trianguli from PDS scans". Acta Astronomica 28: 235. Bibcode: 1978AcA....28..235P. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Balachandran, Suchitra (May 1990). "Lithium depletion and rotation in main-sequence stars". Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 354: 310–332. doi:10.1086/168691. Bibcode: 1990ApJ...354..310B. 
  12. ↑ Schröder, C.; Reiners, Ansgar; Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M. (January 2009). "Ca II HK emission in rapidly rotating stars. Evidence for an onset of the solar-type dynamo". Astronomy and Astrophysics 493 (3): 1099–1107. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810377. Bibcode: 2009A&A...493.1099S. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Apai, Dániel; Bergsten, Galen J.; Pascucci, Ilaria; López-Morales, Mercedes (June 2023). "Bioverse: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Capabilities of Extremely Large Telescopes to Probe Earth-like O2 Levels in Nearby Transiting Habitable-zone Exoplanets" (in en). The Astronomical Journal 165 (6): 267. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd1ec. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2023AJ....165..267H. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Allen, R. H. (1899). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning. G. E. Stechert. p. 416. https://books.google.com/books?id=5xQuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA416. 
  15. ↑ "Alpha Trianguli". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=Alpha+Trianguli. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Fuhrmann, Klaus; Chini, Rolf (2018-06-01). "Nearby Gaia DR2 Companions". Research Notes of the AAS 2 (2): 56. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aacc72. ISSN 2515-5172. Bibcode: 2018RNAAS...2...56F. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "IAU-Catalog of Star Names". IAU. https://exopla.net/star-names/modern-iau-star-names/. Retrieved 9 November 2025. 
  18. ↑ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". International Astronomical Union. https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/. Retrieved 22 May 2016. 
  19. ↑ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 2". http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin2.pdf. Retrieved 16 December 2017. 
  20. ↑ Garfinkle, Robert A. (1997). Star-Hopping: Your Visa to Viewing the Universe. Cambridge University Press. p. 238. ISBN 0-521-59889-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=40JzBYGREL0C&pg=PA238. 
  21. ↑ Rogers, J. H. (February 1998). "Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions". Journal of the British Astronomical Association 108 (1): 9–28. Bibcode: 1998JBAA..108....9R. 
  22. ↑ "MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.html. 
  23. ↑ Moore, Joseph Haines; Neubauer, Ferdinand John (1948). "Fifth catalogue of the orbital elements of spectroscopic binary stars" (in en). Lick Observatory Bulletin 521: 1. doi:10.5479/ADS/bib/1948LicOB.20.1M. ISSN 0075-9317. Bibcode: 1948LicOB..20....1M. 
  24. ↑ "The Colour of Stars". Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. December 21, 2004. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120318151427/http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html. Retrieved 2012-01-16. 



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