Astronomy:List of radio telescopes

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Four of the sixty four total antennas of the ALMA radio telescope, at the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA)
West arm of the low-frequency Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope, second modification (UTR-2) radio telescope phased array antenna

This is a list of radio telescopes – over one hundred – that are or have been used for radio astronomy. The list includes both single dishes and interferometric arrays. The list is sorted by region, then by name; unnamed telescopes are in reverse size order at the end of the list.

The first radio telescope was invented in 1932, when Karl Jansky at Bell Telephone Laboratories observed radiation coming from the Milky Way.

Africa

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
AVN-Ghana Kuntunse, Ghana 3.8–6.4, 5, 6.7 GHz 32-metre (104 foot) single dish, first of African VLBI Network[1]
C-BASS South Meerkat National Park, South Africa 4.5–5.5 GHz 7.6-metre (24.9 foot) dish with polarimeter back end[2]
HartRAO 26m Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Johannesburg, South Africa 1.66–23 GHz 26 m dish.[3]
HartRAO XDM Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Johannesburg, South Africa 2.3–8.65 GHz 15 m Experimental Demonstrator Model originally build as a technology demonstrator for MeerKAT[4]
Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) Meerkat National Park, South Africa 50–200 MHz In progress – currently nineteen 14 m reflectors with crossed dipole antennas as feed.
Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment (HIRAX) Meerkat National Park, South Africa 400–800 MHz In progress – currently eight 6 m dishes with dual-polarization dipole antennas as feed at HartRAO.
Indlebe Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa 1420 MHz 5 meter (16 foot) parabolic reflector[5]
KAT-7 Meerkat National Park, South Africa 1200–1950 MHz Seven, 12 meter (39 foot) dishes.
MeerKAT Meerkat National Park, South Africa 0.58–14.5 GHz Sixty four, 13.5 m dishes. A pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array.[6]
Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) Meerkat National Park, South Africa 100–200 MHz Now disassembled, PAPER at its maximum had 128 crossed dipole antennas,[7] making it the interferometer with more elements than any other at that time.

Antarctica

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station 26–36 GHz 13-element interferometer measuring anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background.[8]
South Pole Telescope (SPT) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station 95–350 GHz 10-m microwave telescope making observations of clusters using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect.[9] Also participates in Event Horizon Telescope observations.

Asia

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Delingha 13.7 m Delingha, Qinghai, China 85–115 GHz Dish diameter: 13.7 m. Site altitude: 3200 m. Operated by Purple Mountain Observatory.
Sheshan Shanghai, China 1660 MHz 25 m. Operated by SHAO (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory)
Nanshan 25m Ürümqi, China 1.4–18 GHz L/C/S/X band receivers. 70 km south to Ürümqi. Operated by XAO (Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory).
Primeval Structure Telescope (PaST) Xinjiang, China 50–200 MHz PaST is planned to be an array of some ten-thousand log-periodic antennas spread over several square kilometers. Construction started in 2004.
Chinese Spectral Radio Heliograph (CSRH) Inner Mongolia, China 0.4–15 GHz CSRH is an interferometer under construction in China. The CSRH will consist of 100 telescopes covering 0.4–15 GHz. 40 telescopes of 4.5 m cover 400 MHz – 2 GHz and 60 telescopes of 2 m cover 2–15 GHz. CSRH will be one of the world's largest and most advanced imaging spectroscopy instruments. CSRH will be used to study coronal mass ejections. All of the 4.5m telescopes are assembled and the 2m telescopes will be assembled by 2013.[10][11]
Miyun Synthesis Radio Telescope (MSRT) Miyun, China 232 MHz Array of 28 9-meter dishes.
Miyun 50m Radio Telescope Miyun, China 2–12 GHz Built in 2005.
Kunming 40m Radio Telescope Kunming, China 2–12 GHz Built in 2006.
Tian Ma 65m Radio Telescope Shanghai, China 1–50 GHz Built in 2012.[12] Operated by SHAO (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory)
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) Pune, India 50–1420 MHz Thirty 45 m wire dishes;[13] largest telescope at meter wavelengths. Operated by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics.[14]
Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT) Ooty, India 326.5 MHz approximately 530 m long and 30 m wide.
Gauribidanur Radio Observatory Gauribidanur, India 40–150 MHz Operated by (Indian Institute of Astrophysics). A Radioheliograph.
Nobeyama radio observatory Nagano Prefecture, Japan 17–115 GHz A 45 m single-dish short-millimetre telescope, and six 10 m telescopes of the Nobeyama Millimetre Array (NMA), both operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ)
Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT) Badary, Buryatia, Russia 5.7 GHz The SSRT is a crossed interferometer, consisting of two arrays of 128x128 parabolic antennas 2.5 meters in diameter each, spaced equidistantly at 4.9 meters and oriented in the E-W and N-S directions. The SSRT is a special-purpose solar radio telescope designed for studying solar activity in the microwave range (5.7 GHz).[15]
Badary Radio Astronomical Observatory Badary, Buryatia, Russia 1.4–22 GHz 32 m RT-32 radio telescope, operating range 1.4–22 GHz.[16]
Galenki RT-70 radio telescope Galenki (Ussuriysk), Russia 5–300 GHz RT-70, 70 m telescope, operating range 5–300 GHz
Suffa RT-70 radio telescope Suffa plateau, Uzbekistan 5–300 GHz RT-70, the construction started in 1981 but was never completed.
Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) Guizhou, China 70–3000 MHz 500m radio telescope, the world's largest filled-aperture radio telescope, operating range 70–3000 MHz.[17]
Qitai Radio Telescope Qitai County, Xinjiang, China 300 MHz–117 GHz Construction work started in 2012. Will be operated by XAO (Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory).
Thai National Radio Telescope Chiang Mai, Thailand 300 MHz–115 GHz Construction work started in 2017. A 40m single-dish short-millimetre telescope,[18] operated by the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT).[19]
VERA Japan 6.7 GHz–43 GHz A VLBI system with four 20-m telescopes in Japan (Mizusawa, Chichijima, Iriki, Ishigaki island)[20] operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ).
Daocheng Solar Radio Telescope Sichuan province, China 150 MHz–450 MHz 313 parabolic antennas for detection of coronal mass ejection events. Operations started in 2023.[21]
Mingantu interplanetary scintillation telescope Inner Mongolia, China 327 MHz and 654 MHz[22] interplanetary scintillation telescope, consists of three rotatable cylindrical antennas (140 metres by 40 metres each).[23]
Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO) Daejeon, Republic of Korea 86–115 GHz TRAO was established in October 1986 with the 13.7 meter Radio Telescope. It opened the new era of the millimeter-wave radio astronomy in Korea as one of the main facilities of Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute [24] (KASI). It is operated by Radio astronomy division in KASI. [25]
Korean VLBI Network (KVN) Republic of Korea 22/43/86/129 GHz KVN consists of four 21-m radio telescopes located in Seoul, Ulsan, Jeju Island and Pyeongchang (Constructing), Republic of Korea. They have an identical design and are equipped with a quasi-optical system that allows simultaneous observations at 22, 43, 86, and 129 GHz. Since August in 2013, KVN Ulsan have started to operate 6.7 GHz in single-dish and VLBI modes. [26]

Australia

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
(ASKAP) 		Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory, Western Australia 700–1800 MHz ASKAP, the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, is operated by CSIRO. It is made up of 36 identical antennas, each 12 metres in diameter, with a 30 sq degrees FoV at 1.4 GHz. [27]
Australia Telescope Compact Array
(ATCA) 		Paul Wild Observatory, Narrabri, New South Wales 0.3–110 GHz 6x22m dish aperture synthesis array, operated by CSIRO as part of the ATNF (Australia Telescope National Facility).[28]
Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex
(CDSCC) 		Tidbinbilla, Australian Capital Territory 1x70 m dish, 3x34 m dishes, operated by CSIRO on behalf of NASA.[29]
Ceduna Radio Observatory Ceduna, South Australia 1.2–23 GHz 30 m telescope, operated by the University of Tasmania
Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) Molonglo (near Canberra, Australian Capital Territory) 600–1200 MHz Operated by the School of Physics at the University of Sydney. East-west arm of the former Molonglo Cross Telescope, approximately 1.6 km in length. Operates at 843 MHz.
Mopra Radio Telescope Mopra Observatory, near Coonabarabran, New South Wales 0.3–100 GHz 22 m dish, operated by CSIRO as part of the ATNF (Australia Telescope National Facility).[30]
Mount Pleasant Radio Telescope Hobart, Tasmania 1.2–23 GHz 26 m telescope, operated by the University of Tasmania
Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory, Western Australia 70–300 MHz Fixed 256 array of 16-element dual-polarisation antennas covering 70–300 MHz with approximately 30° field-of-view using electronic beam-forming
Parkes Radio Telescope Parkes Observatory, New South Wales 64 m telescope (2nd largest movable dish in the Southern Hemisphere), operated by CSIRO as part of the ATNF (Australia Telescope National Facility).[31]

Europe

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope Bad Münstereifel-Effelsberg near Bonn, Germany 395 MHz – 95 GHz 100 m fully steerable dish operated by Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, operates at 395 MHz to 95 GHz
Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope, second modification (UTR-2) Volokhiv Yar, Kharkiv, Ukraine 8–33 MHz World's largest radio telescope at decametre wavelengths (max. collective area 150,000 m²).
Giant Ukrainian Radio Telescope (GURT) Volokhiv Yar, Kharkiv, Ukraine 8–80 MHz Low-frequency radio telescope of new generation. Construction is in progress, separate 25-element subarrays are used for observations of Sun, Jupiter, pulsars.
Lovell Telescope Jodrell Bank Observatory, Cheshire, England 0–2 GHz 76 m dish
Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope former soviet Center for deep space communications, Yevpatoria, Crimea 5–300 GHz RT-70, 70 m telescope, operating range 5–300 GHz
RATAN-600 Zelenchukskaya, Russia 0.61–30 GHz 600 m dish, operates at 610 MHz to 30 GHz, world's largest diameter individual radio telescope
RT-64 (TNA-1500) Kalyazin, Russia[32] 5.86 GHz 64 m fully steerable dish, up to 5.86 GHz
RT-64 (TNA-1500) Medvezhji Ozera (Bear Lakes), Russia[32] 5.86 GHz 64 m fully steerable dish, up to 5.86 GHz
RT-22 Pushchino, Russia Four 22 m fully steerable radio telescopes. At the 1960s the centimeter and millimeter-wavelength RT-22s had a world record-breaking high angular resolution for individual radio telescopes. Operated by the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory.
DKR-1000 Pushchino, Russia DKR-1000 is the world largest telescope operating in the meter wavelength range. A wide-band radio telescope instrument consists of two parabolic cylinders 1 km long and 40 m width. One cylinder extend from east to west and the 2nd from north to south. DKR-1000 has a high sensitivity and the telescope allows simultaneous observations at any wavelengths in the range from 2.5m to 10m. Operated by the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory.[33]
BSA Pushchino, Russia BSA is a Large Phased Array comprising over 16,000 dipoles and covering an area of 7.2 hectares. The BSA has a world record sensitivity in the meter wavelength range. Operated by the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory.[33]
Radioastronomical Observatory Zelenchukskaya Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, Russia 1.4–22 GHz 32m RT-32 radio telescope, operating range 1.4–22 GHz. [3][yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
Svetloe Radio Astronomical Observatory Svetloe, Karelia, Russia 1.4–22 GHz 32m RT-32 radio telescope, operating range 1.4–22 GHz.[34]
RT-7.5 (Bauman's radio telescope) Moscow Oblast, Russia Two 7.75-meter diameter antennas (only one is working at the moment)[35]
Yebes RT 40 m Spanish National Observatory, Yebes, Guadalajara, Spain[36] 40 m parabolic steerable telescope for mm and cm wavelengths
Toruń RT4 32 m Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Toruń, Poland RT4 (32 m) parabolic antenna
RT-32 Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Center, Irbene, Latvia 32-meter fully steerable parabolic, centimetre-wave range antenna RT-32[37]
Northern Cross Radio Telescope Medicina Radio Observatory, Medicina, Bologna, Italy[38] 408 MHz 32000 m² interferometer, cylindrical-paraboloid steerable over NS., 408 MHz, Beam=3'
32 m VLBI dish Medicina Radio Observatory, Medicina, Bologna, Italy[38] 1.4–43 GHz 32 m, fully steerable dish, 1400 MHz...43 GHz
32 m VLBI dish Noto Radio Observatory, Noto, Italy,[38] 0.3–86 GHz 32 m, fully steerable dish, 300 MHz – 86 GHz. Operates both as part of astronomical and geodetic VLBI network and as a single dish.
MERLIN (Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network) United Kingdom 151 MHz – 24 GHz Consists of the Cambridge 32 m at Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Darnhall, Defford, Tabley (also known as Pickmere) and Knockin. Also includes the Lovell and Mark II telescopes at Jodrell Bank.
EAARO – East Anglian Astrophysiscal Research Organisation Cambridgeshire, England[39] 0–11 GHz A scientific and educational charitable company currently constructing a Radio Observatory and Ground Station in Cambridgeshire
TNA-400 Center for deep space communications, Simferopol, Crimea TNA-400 [ru], 32 m telescope
IRAM – 30m Pico Veleta, in Granada, Spain 30m dish operated by the Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique, IRAM); works in the millimeter range (1mm to 3mm) both with superheterodyne and bolometric detectors.
Mark II Jodrell Bank Observatory, Cheshire, England 0–24 GHz 25 m dish
Stockert Bad Münstereifel-Eschweiler near Bonn, Germany 25 m dish operated by University of Bonn and Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, closed in 1993, now owned by NRW-Stiftung,[40] reopened 2010 after restoration and operated by Förderverein Astropeiler Stockert[41]
Toruń RT3 15 m Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Toruń, Poland RT3 (15 m) antenna.
Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) Westerbork, Netherlands 2.8 km array of 14 25-meter dishes operated by ASTRON
25 m telescope Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, Sweden 25 m telescope
Dwingeloo (CAMRAS) Dwingeloo, Netherlands 25 m steerable dish, formerly operated by ASTRON, now operated by CAMRAS[42]
22 m telescope Simeiz Observatory, Simeiz, Crimea 22-m radio telescope for mm and cm radio waves. Located at the foot of mount Koshka (Cat) in Katsiveli (near Simeiz). Belongs to the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, the Department of Radioastronomy.
20 m telescope Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, Sweden 20 m telescope
Pluton (complex) Center for deep space communications, Yevpatoria, Crimea 8 mirrors with diameter of 16 meters. Square is 1000 sq. meters.
RT-16 Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Center, Irbene, Latvia 16-meter diameter antenna RT-16[37]
KAIRA Kilpisjärvi, Enontekiö, Finland 30 m × 50 m, 768-element phased array and a 34 m diameter, 48-element phased array
Metsähovi Radio Observatory Kylmälä, Kirkkonummi, Finland 2–150 GHz 13.7 m dish, operates at 2 to 150 GHz, surface accuracy 0.1 mm (rms).
Ryle Telescope Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cambridge, England Eight 13 m dishes, and is currently used as one part of the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager.
Erciyes University Radio Observatory Kayseri, Turkey 12.8 m dish
Wurzburg v2.0 LAB/OASU (Bordeaux Observatory radio telescope) Floirac, Gironde, France 1.4–1.7 GHz 7.5 meter diameter antenna. Observable frequency range : 1.4–1.7 GHz. Bandwidth ≈9.2 MHz[43]
European VLBI Network (EVN) Distributed across Europe with members in China, South Africa and the US VLBI array operated by the European Consortium for VLBI
Plateau de Bure Interferometer Plateau de Bure, Grenoble, France Originally an array of 3 antennas, since 2005 has 6 antennas, operating at millimeter wavelengths.
Northern Extended Millimeter Array France 12 antennas, operating at millimeter wavelengths (Operational: 2019).
Nançay Radio Telescope (NRT) Nançay, France NRT website (fr)
Nançay Decameter Array (DAM) Nançay, France 10–100 MHz DAM website (fr)
Nançay Radio Heliographe (NRH) Nançay, France 150–450 MHz NRH website (fr)
ALLBIN (Amateur Linked Long Baseline Interferometer Network) Germany A Small Network of Radio Telescopes and Radio Spectrographs doing Amateur Radio Astronomy at a Very High standard coordinated by The European Radio Astronomy Club[44] Research and Development Telescope in Mannheim Germany.
LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray) Netherlands, Germany, Great Britain, France, Sweden, Poland, Ireland; in future possibly other countries 10–240 MHz Low frequency array of dipole antennas at 1.25 to 30m wavelengths (10–240 MHz), with a strongly distributed signal processing system. The telescope beam is constructed in software from combinations of antenna signals. Operated by ASTRON
São Gião radio telescope (SGRT) São Gião, Portugal 0.4–22 GHz 9.3 m solid surface dish, operated by PARAC[45]
Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cambridge, England Small Array consists of 10 3.7-m parabolic antennas
The European Radio Astronomy Club Telescope and Development Facility (ERAC Telescope) Mannheim, Germany From 14 kHz VLF up to 40 GHz[46]
ERAC Phased Array The European Radio Astronomy Club, Elsass, France Phased array and Digital back end based on the SKA design
ERAC Phased Array The European Radio Astronomy Club, East Lothian, Scotland Phased array and Digital back end based on the SKA design
64 m Sardinia Radio Telescope San Basilio, Sardinia, Italy Sardinia Radio Telescope. 64 m dish.
ROT-54/2.6 Mount Aragats, Armenia, near Yerevan 1.5–300 GHz Radio optical Telescope with 54 m Spherical Reflector Antenna and 2.6 m optical telescope on the same axis. One of the most sensitive and low noise antennas in the world. Operating during 1987-2010. Conserved from 2015. It is planned to revitalize it in 2020-2025 by the force of Armenian and International science-technical society.

However a 2019 video report shows that the place has been abandoned and scavenged.[47]

Bayfordbury Observatory Hertfordshire, UK 1.4 GHz 4.5 m single dish, and 115 m baseline 3 dish interferometer. Operated by the University of Hertfordshire

North America

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Algonquin Radio Telescope Algonquin Radio Observatory, Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada 46 metre fully steerable dish operated by Thoth Technology,[48] Canada's largest radio telescope.
Allen Telescope Array Hat Creek Radio Observatory, Hat Creek, California , US 0.5–11.5 GHz 42 6-m gregorian offset dishes using log periodic cooled feed covering 0.5–11.5 GHz. Operated by joint agreement between SRI International and the SETI Institute
ARO 12m Radio Telescope Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona, US Previously operated by the NRAO, this telescope is currently operated by the University of Arizona's Arizona Radio Observatory, part of Steward Observatory.
C-BASS North Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Big Pine, California , US 4.5–5.5 GHz 6.1 metre dish with polarimeter back end.[2] This telescope was decommissioned in April 2015.
Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Kaleden, British Columbia, Canada 400–800 MHz A novel drift scan telescope, which consists of four 100 × 20 meter 5 m focal length cylinders, with an array of 256 dual-polarized radio receivers along the focus. Will map the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen over the cosmological redshift range of 0.8 to 2.5. Collected its first light in September 2017.[49]
CfA 1.2 m Millimeter-Wave Telescope Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 115 GHz A small radio telescope which, along with a twin instrument in Chile, has been continuously mapping interstellar carbon monoxide since the 1970s.
Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Big Pine, California , US 75–345 GHz Heterogeneous interferometer array composed of 6 10-m elements, 9 6-m elements, and 8 3.5-m elements covering frequencies ranging from 27–36 GHz, 80–115 GHz, and 215–265 GHz. Operated by joint agreements between Radio Astronomy Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, Caltech, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and the University of Chicago.
Distributed Array Radio Telescope (DART) https://erau-prescott-observatory.com/ Embry-Riddle Radio Observatory, Prescott AZ], US 100–300 MHz Array of three 16-element dual-polarization tiles with electronic beam-forming. Identical to the original MWA design
Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory Kaleden, British Columbia, Canada 408–1420 MHz Synthesis telescope consists of seven 9-metre (30 ft) parabolic antennas, three of which are movable along a 600-metre rail line.
Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) Amherst, Massachusetts , US Operated by UMass Amherst
Goldstone Radio Telescope Mojave Desert, California, US One of the most sensitive radars in the world
Green Bank Interferometer (GBI) Green Bank, West Virginia, US Three 26 meters (85 feet) radio telescopes formerly operated by NRAO, and now kept by GBO as a historic telescope.
Green Bank Telescope (GBT) Green Bank, West Virginia, US 0.29-2.6 GHz; 2.95-7.8 GHz; 8–10 GHz; 12-15.4 GHz; 18–47 GHz; 67–100 GHz. World's largest 100-metre (330 ft) fully steerable single-dish radio telescope
Green Bank 140 Foot Telescope (140foot) Green Bank, West Virginia, US 0.75-15.0 GHz (2–40 cm) 43 m equatorial mount single-dish radio telescope. Currently awaiting its next mission.[50]
Green Bank 20m Telescope Green Bank, West Virginia, US 20m telescope, fully automated and accessed through the University of North Carolina's Skynet Robotic Telescope Network.
Haystack Observatory Westford, Massachusetts , US 37 m radome-enclosed 90 GHz radar/radiotelescope; 9 m radar for space debris tracking, 46 m incoherent scatter radar, 26 m L-band deep space tracking radar, 18 m radiotelescope used for geodesy. Operated by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) Mount Graham, Arizona, US 10-meter radio telescope operated by the University of Arizona's Arizona Radio Observatory, part of Steward Observatory.
Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) Embry-Riddle Radio Observatory, Prescott AZ, US 100–200 MHz Single 14-meter reflector used for testing of the main HERA telescope. (Under Construction)
Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) Sierra Negra, Puebla, Mexico A 50-meter telescope for observations at millimetre wavelengths, the largest single dish instrument operating in this wavelength band.
Leuschner Observatory Lafayette, California , US A 4.5-meter single dish, prototype dish for the Allen Telescope Array
Long Wavelength Array (LWA) Socorro, New Mexico, US 10–88 MHz A telescope composed of stations each with 256 crossed-dipole antennas operated by the University of New Mexico and the Naval Research Laboratory. The first station (LWA1) is 50 miles west of Socorro, colocated with the VLA. The second station is at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge 20 miles north of Socorro. Additional stations are planned.
Morehead State University 21m. Morehead, Kentucky, US A 21 m. telescope used for academic research and satellite data retrieval and control.
Paul Plishner Radio Astronomy and Space Sciences Center Haswell, Kiowa County, Colorado, US An 18-meter telescope under development since 2010 for use by educators in Colorado and others. Sponsored by the Deep Space Exploration Society of Boulder County, Colorado
Occidental College SRT (Small Radio Telescope), Hameetman Science Center Los Angeles, California, US A 2.3-meter satellite dish on a fully steerable, motorized azimuth-elevation mount with a low-noise amplifier and super-heterodyne receiver running SRT/VSRT (version 7.5). Currently inactive.
OVRO 40 meter Telescope Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Big Pine, California , US 15 GHz This cm wavelength telescope operated by Caltech, is currently being used on a blazar monitoring program at 15 GHz.
Peach Mountain Observatory Ann Arbor, Michigan, US 26m telescope built in 1958, operated by the University of Michigan. Currently undergoing renovation.
Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) Green Bank, West Virginia, US 100–200 MHz Thirty-two crossed-dipole antennas measuring 100–200 MHz
Solar monitor, two 1.8 m dishes Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Kaleden, British Columbia, Canada The first dish here was originally a backup for the Algonquin site, but later the ARO instrument was moved to DRAO and this antenna became its backup.
SRI International Antenna Facility Palo Alto, California, US 45.7 m parabolic reflector. Owned by the U.S. Government and constructed by SRI on land leased from Stanford University, the Antenna Facility is known locally as "The Dish."
Synthesis Telescope, seven-element interferometer Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Kaleden, British Columbia, Canada  
Very Large Array (VLA) Socorro, New Mexico, US Array of 27 dishes. Part of NRAO.
Very Small Array (VSA) Cogan Station, Pennsylvania, US Array of 8 small dishes. Part of The SETI League's Project Argus initiative.
Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) Socorro, New Mexico US
(operations center) 		Array system of 10 radio telescopes; dishes are located at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Owens Valley, California, Brewster, Washington, Kitt Peak, Arizona, Pie Town, New Mexico, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Fort Davis, Texas, North Liberty, Iowa, Hancock, New Hampshire, and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute (PARI) Rosman, North Carolina, US 327 MHz, 1.4 and 4.8 GHz Two 26m telescopes: 26 West and East. One 12m telescope, fully automated and accessed via PARI"s website.


South America

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Atacama B-Mode Search (ABS) Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile 127–163 GHz 60 cm telescope located on Cerro Toco and designed to measure the polarization of the CMB.
Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile 6 m telescope located on Cerro Toco.
Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile 35-950 GHz[51] 54 dishes with 12-m diameter and 12 dishes with 7 m diameter, sensitive to wavelengths between radio and infrared (submillimetre astronomy).
Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile 159–738 GHz[52] 12 m telescope located at the Chajnantor plateau.
Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE) Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile 270 GHz 10 m telescope located at Pampa La Bola. This was a pathfinder instrument for ALMA, and features an AzTEC millimeter camera in the focal plane of the dish, consisting of 144 silicon nitride micromesh bolometer pixels arranged in a compact hexagonal package.[53]
Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) Aguiar, Paraíba, Brazil (under construction) 980-1260 MHz A crossed-dragone telescope with a 20 m main semi-axis primary reflector and a 17.8 m main semi-axis secondary reflector with 28 receivers, dedicated mainly to the detection of the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations through the 21 cm emission line.[54]
Brazilian Decimetric Array (BDA) Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil 1.2–6.0 GHz 38-element radio telescope interferometer working in the frequency range of 1.2–6.0 GHz. The final baseline will be 2.27 km in the East-West and 1.17 km in the South directions, respectively. This instrument will obtain radio images from the sun with a spatial resolution ≈4x6 arc seconds. Located in Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil (Latitude 45° 00' 20" West and Longitude 22° 41' 19" South)[55]
Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile 13 dishes with 1 m diameter located at the Chajnantor plateau. Decommissioned in 2008.
Itapetinga Radio Observatory Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil 13.7 m telescope, operates in the K and Q bands, with cryogenic receivers[56]
Jicamarca Radio Observatory (ROJ) Lurigancho-Chosica, Lima Province, Perú 50 MHz [57] Main antenna is a cross-polarized square array composed of 18,432 half-wavelength dipoles. Research areas: Stable equatorial ionosphere, ionospheric field aligned irregularities, the dynamics of the equatorial neutral atmosphere and meteor physics.[58]
Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile 30–240 GHz[59] Array of telescopes located on Cerro Toco and designed to measure the polarization of the CMB.
NANTEN2 Observatory (NANTEN2) Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile 4 m telescope located at Pampa La Bola.
Northeastern Space Radio Observatory Eusébio, Brazil 14.2 m telescope
Polarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito (CASLEO), San Juan Province, Argentina 45 and 90 GHz Full sun disk patrols with left- and right-hand circular polarization receivers.
Q/U Imaging Experiment (QUIET) Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile Located at the Chajnantor plateau.
Solar Submillimeter Telescope (SST) Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito (CASLEO), San Juan Province, Argentina 212 GHz and 405 GHz 1.5 m radome enclosed, single dish Cassegrain antenna, with a focal array (4 beams @ 212 GHz, 2 beams @ 405 GHz) of room temperature receivers.
Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) La Silla Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile 15 m telescope. Decommissioned in 2003[60]
Estación de Espacio Lejano (es) Neuquén Province, Argentina S/X/Ka, Delta Dor 35 m and 13.5 m Telescopes, Operated by Chinese Deep Space Network (CDSN)
Malargüe Station Malargüe, Argentina 35 m telescope and deep space antenna, operated by ESTRACK

Arctic Ocean

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Greenland Telescope Thule Air Base, Greenland 12 metre diameter Cassegrain telescope.
Eiscat Radio Telescope Adventdalen, Svalbard Studies of aurorae

Atlantic Ocean

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Very Small Array (VSA) Observatorio del Teide, Canary Islands, Spain Array of 14 dishes, with two larger source-subtraction dishes. Controlled remotely from UK.
Arecibo Telescope Arecibo, Puerto Rico 8 MHz - 3,000 MHz. 305 m (1,001 ft) Second largest single dish spherical reflector radiotelescope in the world. Structural issues led to the decision to dismantle the structure. Before this could be done the instrument platform collapsed in December 2020.[61]

Indian Ocean

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Mauritius Radio Telescope Mauritius

Pacific Ocean

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
Caltech Submillimeter Observatory Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, US 10.4 m (34 ft) diameter submillimeter wavelength telescope, closed since 2015, due to be dismantled since 2019 to return the land to the natives.
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, US 86, 230, and 345 GHz 15-meter submillimetre-wavelength telescope operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre
Submillimeter Array (SMA) Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, US 180–420 GHz Operated jointly by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics of Taiwan.
Warkworth Radio Telescope Warkworth Radio Observatory, Warkworth, New Zealand 1.2–21 GHz 12 metre fully steerable dish operated by IRASR, Auckland University of Technology[62]
Warkworth 2 dish Warkworth Radio Observatory, Warkworth, New Zealand 6–21 GHz 30 metre fully steerable dish operated by IRASR, AUT University[62]
Transient Array Radio Telescope Signal Hill, Dunedin, New Zealand 1.575 GHz 24-element aperture synthesis open source all-sky radio telescope,[63] designed and developed by the University of Otago.

Space-based

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
HALCA (Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy) Earth orbit with an apogee altitude of 21,400 km and a perigee altitude of 560 km. Ceased operations 2005
Zond 3 Russian spacecraft carrying a radio telescope Ceased operations 1966
Spektr-R or RadioAstron 10 meter radio telescope in a highly elliptical earth orbit. Launched July 2011. Ceased operations 2019
Chang'e 4 Chinese base on far side of Moon

Under construction or planned construction

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
EAARO - East Anglian Astrophysical Research Organisation Cambridgeshire, England[39] 0–11 GHz A scientific and educational charitable company currently constructing a Radio Observatory and Ground Station in Cambridgeshire
Large Latin American Millimeter Array (LLAMA) Alto Chorrillos, near San Antonio de los Cobres, Salta, Argentina 45–900 GHz 12 m single dish, VLBI, in construction, expected to start operations in 2017
Qitai 110m Radio Telescope (QTT) Xinjiang, China 0.3–117 GHz Planned world's largest fully steerable single-dish radio telescope with a diameter of 110 meters. Operates at 300 MHz to 117 GHz. Construction of the telescope is planned to start in 2013 and completed within 10 years.[64][65]
Square Kilometer Array (SKA-Phase1) Carnarvon, South Africa L-Band,X-Band,S-Band,UHF Additional 128 dishes merged with MeerKAT, expected to be operational in 2022.

Proposed telescopes

Name Location Frequency Range Remarks
30m Sub-Millimeter Telescope (TSMT) China A 30m aperture sub-millimeter telescope (TSMT) with an active reflector has been proposed in China.[66]
LOFAR Super Station (LSS) Nançay, France 10–80 MHz The Nancay radio astronomy observatory and associated laboratories are developing the concept of a "Super Station" for extending the LOFAR station now installed and operational in Nancay. The LOFAR Super Station (LSS) will increase the number of high sensitivity long baselines, provide short baselines and an alternate core, and be a large standalone instrument. It will operate in the low frequency band of LOFAR (30–80 MHz) and extend this range to lower frequencies.
Lunar Crater Radio Telescope (LCRT) Moon Below 30 MHz The Lunar Crater Radio Telescope (LCRT) is a proposal by the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts to create an ultra-long-wavelength (hereby wavelengths greater than 10 m – i.e., frequencies below 30 MHz) radio telescope inside a lunar crater on the far side of the Moon.
Square Kilometer Array (SKA-Phase2) Australia, South Africa 0.05–30 GHz Extension of SKA-Phase to approximately 2000 dishes. This array, if built, would be 50 times more sensitive and 10,000 times faster than any other radio telescope.

Gallery of big dishes

See also

References

  1. ↑ "C-BASS". http://www.ska.ac.za/media-releases/ghana-and-south-africa-celebrate-first-success-of-african-network-of-telescopes/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "C-BASS". http://www.astro.caltech.edu/cbass/. 
  3. ↑ "HartRAO Radio Telescope Facts". http://www.hartrao.ac.za/factsfile.html. 
  4. ↑ "This year will see major advances in South Africa and in international radio astronomy projects". Engineering News (Creamer Media). 2010-01-15. http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/this-year-will-see-major-advances-in-sa-and-international-radio-astronomy-projects-2010-01-15. 
  5. ↑ "Indlebe". Durban University of Technology. http://indlebe.dut.ac.za/. 
  6. ↑ "About the KAT". http://www.ska.ac.za/kat/index.shtml. 
  7. ↑ "PAPER a precursor to HERA". https://www.sarao.ac.za/newsletters/sarao-news/02-2018/paper-a-precursor-to-hera/. 
  8. ↑ "Degree Angular Scale Interferometer". http://astro.uchicago.edu/dasi/. 
  9. ↑ "South Pole Telescope". http://pole.uchicago.edu/index.php. 
  10. ↑ "最新消息 – EurekAlert! 優睿科 – EurekAlert! Science News". https://www.eurekalert.org/zh/?story=20081104.CSRH. 
  11. ↑ "Large Radio Telescopes In China : Na Wang". http://www.atnf.csiro.au/research/Astro2008/Postings/Na_Wang.pdf. 
  12. ↑ "Radio telescope under construction in Shanghai". 4 June 2015. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-03/12/c_131462629.htm. 
  13. ↑ "Introducing GMRT". http://www.gmrt.ncra.tifr.res.in/gmrt_hpage/GMRT/intro_gmrt.html. 
  14. ↑ "Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research". http://www.gmrt.ncra.tifr.res.in/. 
  15. ↑ "Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT)". http://wikimapia.org/2093308/Siberian-Solar-Radio-Telescope-SSRT. 
  16. ↑ "Archived copy". https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20080032653_2008032998.pdf. 
  17. ↑ "FAST - Homepage". 16 March 2017. http://fast.bao.ac.cn/en/FAST.html. 
  18. ↑ https://radio.kasi.re.kr/eavn/images/presentation/10.Kitiyane_Asanok.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  19. ↑ "National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) - Thai – German relation wafts as 40-meter Radio Telescope pinpointed in Chiang Mai". http://www.narit.or.th/en/index.php/news/575-thai-german-relation-wafts-as-40-meter-radio-telescope. 
  20. ↑ "Toppage - VERA". https://www.miz.nao.ac.jp/veraserver/index.html. 
  21. ↑ "China's new radio telescope will have dangerous solar eruptions in its gaze" (in en). 5 July 2022. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3184087/chinas-new-radio-telescope-will-have-dangerous-solar-eruptions. 
  22. ↑ Yan, Yihua et al. (8 March 2023). "MUSER and IPS telescopes for solar and space weather observations" (in en). Advances in Space Research. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2023.03.003. ISSN 0273-1177. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273117723001953. 
  23. ↑ "China to start building giant telescope to monitor solar winds" (in en). 29 June 2022. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3183412/china-start-building-giant-telescope-monitor-solar-winds-can. 
  24. ↑ "Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute (KASI)". https://www.kasi.re.kr/main.php. 
  25. ↑ "Radio astronomy division in KASI". 13 September 2023. https://radio.kasi.re.kr/main.php. 
  26. ↑ "Korean VLBI Network (KVN)". 13 September 2023. https://kvn.kasi.re.kr/main.php. 
  27. ↑ "Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder". https://www.atnf.csiro.au/projects/askap/. 
  28. ↑ "Australia Telescope Compact Array". http://www.narrabri.atnf.csiro.au/. 
  29. ↑ "Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex". http://www.cdscc.nasa.gov/Pages/trackingtoday.html. 
  30. ↑ "Mopra telescope". 6 April 2021. http://www.narrabri.atnf.csiro.au/mopra/. 
  31. ↑ "CSIRO Parkes Observatory – Australia Telescope National Facility". http://www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au/. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Archived copy". http://www.okbmei.ru/en/page.html?id=54. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "The Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory of the P N Lebedev Physical Institute Astro Space Center: yesterday, today, and tomorrow". http://iopscience.iop.org/1063-7869/52/11/R09/pdf/1063-7869_52_11_R09.pdf. 
  34. ↑ "Archived copy". https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20080032644_2008032993.pdf. 
  35. ↑ "Welcome to the site of one of the unique millimeter-range Radiotelescope!". http://lud.bmstu.ru/english_RT/index.htm. 
  36. ↑ "Infraestructuras y trabajos de Astronomía del Instituto Geográfico Nacional". http://www.oan.es/. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Meteoriti.LV". http://www.meteoriti.lv/. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 "IRA Home". http://www.ira.inaf.it/Home.html. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "EAARO". http://www.eaaro.org.uk/. 
  40. ↑ "NRW-Stiftung – Aktuelle News und Projekt der Woche: Schloss Harkotten im Munsterland". https://www.nrw-stiftung.de/index.php. 
  41. ↑ "Astropeiler Stockert e.V. – Radioastronomie, Amateurfunk, Natur und mehr". https://www.astropeiler.de/. 
  42. ↑ "Dwingeloo Radiotelescoop – CAMRAS – C.A. Muller Radioastronomie Station – PI9CAM". https://www.camras.nl/. 
  43. ↑ "Wurzburg v2.0". http://serveurwurzburg.obs.u-bordeaux1.fr/. 
  44. ↑ "ERAC – The European Radio Astronomy Club". http://www.eracnet.org/. 
  45. ↑ "PARAC". http://parac.eu. 
  46. ↑ "Radio Telescope Mannheim". http://www.eracnet.org/home. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  47. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "URBEX | Epic abandoned Soviet radio telescope". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI57x_o5vnc. 
  48. ↑ "Home – Thoth Technology". http://169.48.13.120/. 
  49. ↑ "CHIME First Light". September 18, 2017. https://casca.ca/?p=9453. 
  50. ↑ "Green Bank Observatory, 140 foot Telescope". https://greenbankobservatory.org/science/telescopes/140-foot/. 
  51. ↑ "ALMA Basics". https://almascience.eso.org/about-alma/alma-basics. 
  52. ↑ "APEX instrumentation". APEX. 2018. http://www.apex-telescope.org/instruments/. 
  53. ↑ "LMT – Large Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano" (in en). http://www.lmtgtm.org/telescope/instrumentation/instruments/aztec/?lang=en. 
  54. ↑ Abdalla, E.; Ferreira, E. G. M.; Landim, R. G.; Costa, A. A.; Fornazier, K. S. F.; Abdalla, F. B.; Barosi, L.; Brito, F. A. et al. (2021-08-19). "The BINGO project. I. Baryon acoustic oscillations from integrated neutral gas observations" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 664: A14. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140883. ISSN 0004-6361. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/forth/aa40883-21/aa40883-21.html. 
  55. ↑ "Brazilian Decimetric Array (BDA)". http://www.das.inpe.br/fmi/bda/. 
  56. ↑ "Radio Observatorio do Itapetinga (ROI)". http://www.das.inpe.br/radio/observatorio.html. 
  57. ↑ Phase and pattern calibration of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory radar using satellites. Royal Astronomical Society. 2014. 
  58. ↑ "Jicamarca Radio Observatory". JRO. 2021. http://jro.igp.gob.pe/english/. 
  59. ↑ Kohno, K.. "The Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment". Bibcode: 2005ASPC..344..242K. 
  60. ↑ "Swedish-ESO 15m Submillimeter Telescope (SEST)". http://www.eso.org/gallery/v/ESOPIA/LaSilla/esopia00049teles.jpg.html. 
  61. ↑ "Puerto Rico: Iconic Arecibo Observatory telescope collapses" (in en-GB). BBC News. 2020-12-01. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-55147973. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 "Radio telescopes – AUT University". http://www.irasr.aut.ac.nz/radio-telescope. 
  63. ↑ "TART Source Code". http://www.github.com/tmolteno/TART. 
  64. ↑ "QTT International Advisory Workshop: About QTT". 24 December 2013. http://qttconf.csp.escience.cn/dct/page/70002. 
  65. ↑ [1] [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  66. ↑ [2][yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]

External links



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