Biography:Charles Goldfarb
Charles F. Goldfarb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) Charles Goldfarb in 2008 | |||||
| Born | Template:Birthdate and age | ||||
| Education | Harvard Law School (JD) | ||||
| Alma mater | Columbia College[1][circular reference] | ||||
| Occupation | |||||
| Employer | IBM (1967–unknown) | ||||
| Known for | Designing GML and SGML | ||||
| Title |
CA|other uses of "Cca"|CCA (disambiguation)|CCA|other uses of "Circa"|Circa (disambiguation)}}Template:TWCleanup2Circa (from la 'around, about, roughly, approximately') – frequently abbreviated ca. or c. and less frequently circ., cca. or cc. – signifies "approximately" in several European languages and is used as a loanword in English, usually in reference to a date.[2] Circa is widely used in historical writing when the dates of events are not accurately known. When used in date ranges, circa is applied before each approximate date, while dates without circa immediately preceding them are generally assumed to be known with certainty. Examples
See also
References
External links
late 1980s)
CA|other uses of "Cca"|CCA (disambiguation)|CCA|other uses of "Circa"|Circa (disambiguation)}}Template:TWCleanup2Circa (from la 'around, about, roughly, approximately') – frequently abbreviated ca. or c. and less frequently circ., cca. or cc. – signifies "approximately" in several European languages and is used as a loanword in English, usually in reference to a date.[1] Circa is widely used in historical writing when the dates of events are not accurately known. When used in date ranges, circa is applied before each approximate date, while dates without circa immediately preceding them are generally assumed to be known with certainty. Examples
See also
References
External links
1980 – 1986)
| ||||
| Awards | |||||
| Website | http://www.sgmlsource.com/ (defunct) | ||||
Charles F. Goldfarb (born 26 November 1939) is known as the creator of Generalized Markup Language (GML) and Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML),[2] and as the grandfather of the technologies built on SGML—namely HTML and the World Wide Web.[3] He coined the term markup language, and co-invented its concept alongside William W. Tunnicliffe, whom he claims brought the idea to his attention.[3]
GML and SGML
In 1969 Goldfarb, leading a small team at IBM, developed Generalized Markup Language[3] (GML)—the first of its kind. Goldfarb coined the initialism GML after its three developers: himself, Edward Mosher, and Raymond Lorie.[2][3]
In 1974, Goldfarb designed the SGML syntax[2] and subsequently wrote the first SGML parser, ARC-SGML.[4][5] SGML facilitates the sharing of machine-readable documents for large projects. SGML was used by the Department of Defense in aerospace engineering and industrial publishing.[6][7] [8] Goldfarb began working on drafting the SGML syntax into an industry standard from 1978. Acceptance of working drafts began in 1980, with work continuing until 1986, when it was formally accepted as the ISO 8879 standard.[9] Goldfarb served as the editor of the standardization committee.
Other endeavors
Goldfarb graduated with a JD from Harvard Law School before being hired at IBM.[10][1] He worked at IBM, with the majority of his tenure at the Almaden Research Center—spending at least a decade there.[11] His work, unofficial and later official, on SGML's specification was done during that time. He is an independent consultant and speakerTemplate:Current event inline based in Belmont, California.[1][additional citation(s) needed]
Bibliography
- Rubinsky, Yuri, ed (1990). The SGML Handbook. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-853737-9.
- 1991 reprint by Oxford University Press
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedit-history-2015 - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Floyd, Michael (November 1998). "A Conversation with Charles F. Goldfarb". http://www.beyond-html.com/columns/1198/1198.html.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Mayor, Dana (2021-01-04). "Charles Goldfarb" (in en-US). https://history-computer.com/charles-goldfarb/.
- ↑ Cover, Robin (2002-04-11). "Public SGML/XML Software § ARC-SGML: Charles Goldfarb's Almaden Research Center SGML Parser". https://xml.coverpages.org/publicSW.html#arc-sgml.
- ↑ "ARC-SGML Source Code: Index of /mirror/archive/ftp.sunet.se/pub/text-processing/sgml/ARC-SGML". http://ftp.sunet.se/mirror/archive/ftp.sunet.se/pub/text-processing/sgml/ARC-SGML/.
- ↑ "Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). ISO 8879:1986". 2023-04-25. https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000465.shtml.
- ↑ Harold, Elliotte Rusty; Means, W. Scott (September 2004). XML in a Nutshell (3rd ed.). O'Reilly Media, Inc.. ISBN 0596007647. https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/xml-in-a/0596007647/pr02.html. Retrieved 2025-09-28.
- ↑ Stachowiak, Raymond H. (1997-09-23). "SGML/XML Asia Pacific '97 § Using SGML to Facilitate Publishing to the Web". https://xml.coverpages.org/asia-pac97Sched.html#scale.
- ↑ ISO 8879:1986 — Information processing — Text and office systems — Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), https://www.iso.org/standard/16387.html
- ↑ "Famous Harvard Law School Alumni" (in en). 2024-07-03. https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-harvard-law-school-alumni-and-students/reference.
- ↑ Slocombe, David. "Charles Goldfarb, SGML Handbook. Table of Contents". http://xml.coverpages.org/goldfarbTOC.html.
Further reading
- "Charles Goldfarb: The Markup Pioneer Who Revolutionized Digital Documents". 2024-03-21. https://www.historytools.org/people/charles-goldfarb.
- Floyd, Michael (1998). "XML Opportunities Knocking". http://www.beyond-html.com/columns/1298/1298.html.
- This is the second part of the first part of the A Conversation with Charles F. Goldfarb interview.
External links
- Works by Charles F. Goldfarb at Google Books
- Goldfarb's , last updated Short description: Latin loanword meaning "approximately, around"
CA|other uses of "Cca"|CCA (disambiguation)|CCA|other uses of "Circa"|Circa (disambiguation)}}Template:TWCleanup2Circa (from la 'around, about, roughly, approximately') – frequently abbreviated ca. or c. and less frequently circ., cca. or cc. – signifies "approximately" in several European languages and is used as a loanword in English, usually in reference to a date.[1] Circa is widely used in historical writing when the dates of events are not accurately known.
When used in date ranges, circa is applied before each approximate date, while dates without circa immediately preceding them are generally assumed to be known with certainty.
Examples
- 1732–1799: Both years are known precisely.
- c. 1732 – 1799: The beginning year is approximate; the end year is known precisely.
- 1732 – c. 1799: The beginning year is known precisely; the end year is approximate.
- c. 1732 – c. 1799: Both years are approximate.
See also
- Floruit
References
- ↑ "circa". Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/circa.
External links
 |
2008.
- , last updated Short description: Latin loanword meaning "approximately, around"
CA|other uses of "Cca"|CCA (disambiguation)|CCA|other uses of "Circa"|Circa (disambiguation)}}Template:TWCleanup2Circa (from la 'around, about, roughly, approximately') – frequently abbreviated ca. or c. and less frequently circ., cca. or cc. – signifies "approximately" in several European languages and is used as a loanword in English, usually in reference to a date.[1] Circa is widely used in historical writing when the dates of events are not accurately known.
When used in date ranges, circa is applied before each approximate date, while dates without circa immediately preceding them are generally assumed to be known with certainty.
Examples
- 1732–1799: Both years are known precisely.
- c. 1732 – 1799: The beginning year is approximate; the end year is known precisely.
- 1732 – c. 1799: The beginning year is known precisely; the end year is approximate.
- c. 1732 – c. 1799: Both years are approximate.
See also
- Floruit
References
- ↑ "circa". Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/circa.
External links
| |
2008.
 | |
