Biology:Arachnion

From HandWiki
Short description: Genus of fungi

Arachnion
Arachnion album 364645.jpg
Arachnion album
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Agaricaceae
Genus:
Arachnion

Schwein. (1822)
Type species
Arachnion album
Schwein. (1822)
Synonyms[2]
  • Scoleciocarpus Berk. (1843)[1]

Arachnion is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with Arachnion album as the type, and only species.[3] The genus name is Greek for "cobweb".

William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain Arachnion.[4] The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae.[5] Modern molecular analysis has shown that Arachnion, as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae.[6]

Description

Arachnion species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in Lycoperdon. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readily disintegrates into small pieces in maturity to expose the granular contents.[4]

Distribution

The genus is widely distributed, with species found in Australia, North and South America, South Africa, and Europe, and Japan.[7]

Species

(As of January 2016), Index Fungorum accepts 11 species in Arachnion:[8]

  • Arachnion alborosellum Verwoerd 1926 – South Africa[9]
  • Arachnion album Schwein. 1822[3]
  • Arachnion bovista (Mont.) Mont. 1849[10]
  • Arachnion firmoderma Verwoerd 1926 – South Africa[9]
  • Arachnion foetens Speg. 1906 – South America[11]
  • Arachnion iriemae Rick 1961
  • Arachnion iulii Quadr. 1996 – Italy[12]
  • Arachnion lazoi Demoulin 1972[13]
  • Arachnion lloydianum Demoulin 1972[13]
  • Arachnion rufum Lloyd 1906[14]
  • Arachnion scleroderma Lloyd 1915[15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Berkeley MJ. (1843). "Enumeration of fungi, collected by Herr Zeyher in Uitenhage". London Journal of Botany 2: 507–527. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/783789. 
  2. ↑ "Synonymy: Arachnion Schwein.". Species Fungorum. CAB International. http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=19017. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 von Schweinitz LD. (1822) (in la). Synopsis fungorum Carolinae superioris. 1. pp. 20–131 (see p. 59). 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada. New York, New York: Dover Publications. 1974. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-486-23033-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=2UrCCrPPqO4C&pg=RA1-PR29. 
  5. ↑ Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. 2001. ISBN 978-0-85199-377-5. 
  6. ↑ "New data on puffballs (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from the Northeast Region of Brazil". Mycotaxon 111: 411–421. 2010. doi:10.5248/111.411. 
  7. ↑ "A lycoperdaceous fungus, Arachnion album (Agaricales, Arachniaceae), newly found in Japan". Mycoscience 47 (6): 385–387. 2006. doi:10.1007/s10267-006-0316-6. 
  8. ↑ Kirk PM.. "Species Fungorum (version 23rd December 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/78a2f686c6063c1a687652b62690a9b7. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Verwoerd L. (1926). "Addisionele beskrywings van enkele Suid-Afrikaanse Gasteromycetes". South African Journal of Science 23: 290–294. http://reference.sabinet.co.za/webx/access/journal_archive/00382353/11157.pdf. 
  10. ↑ Montagne JPFC. (1849). "Sixièmes Centurie de plantes cellulaires nouvelles, tant indigènes qu'exotiques. Décades III à VI" (in fr). Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 11: 33–66. 
  11. ↑ Spegazzini C. (1906). "Mycetes Argentinenses (series III)". Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires 16 (9): 25–33. 
  12. ↑ Quadraccia L. (1996). "Studies on Italian Gasteromycetes. I. Two new species of Arachnion and Radiigera (Basidiomycotina, Lycoperdales) from Rome and its environs". Mycotaxon 58: 331–341. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0058/0331.htm. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Demoulin V. (1972). "Observations sur le genre Arachnion Schw. (Gasteromycetes)" (in fr). Nova Hedwigia 21: 641–655. 
  14. ↑ Lloyd CG. (1906). "Mycological Notes 21". Mycological Writiings 2 (21): 245–260. 
  15. ↑ Lloyd CG. (1915). "Mycological Notes 39". Mycological Writings 4: 525–540. 

Wikidata ☰ Q4783552 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Arachnion&oldid=3523581"