Biology:Bacidina

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Bacidina is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Ramalinaceae.[1]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1990, with Bacidina phacodes assigned as the type species. Vězda included 11 species in Bacidina, which was originally classified in the Lecideaceae. These species had previously been placed in genus Bacidia.[2]

Description

Bacidina species are crustose lichens, forming thin, often inconspicuous thalli that may be smooth, cracked, warted, or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. Some species develop specialised reproductive structures such as soredia, isidia, or microsquamules. The thallus is typically pale in colouration, ranging from whitish and pale green to greyish or fawn. The photosynthetic partner ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) consists of [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] algae, which have roughly spherical ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) to broadly ellipsoidal cells.[3]

The reproductive structures, or apothecia, are relatively small, usually up to 1 mm in diameter, and can be flat or strongly convex. They lack a distinct [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] but have a well-developed [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which is composed largely of thick-walled cells with isodiametric to ellipsoidal [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. This distinguishes Bacidina from Bacidia, which has a true exciple made of radiating hyphal tissue with narrow lumina. The hymenium, a spore-producing layer, reacts with iodine (I+) to stain blue. The underlying [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] varies in colouration from colourless to pigmented. The paraphyses within the hymenium are generally few in number, sometimes branched, and often have swollen tips.[3]

The asci, which produce the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], are club-shaped ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) to cylindrical-clavate in shape and typically contain eight spores. Most Bacidina species have asci of the Bacidia type, characterised by an apical dome that stains dark blue in K/I with a pale, conical apical cushion. In some species, the ascus resembles the Biatora type, which has a darker-staining zone around the apical cushion. The ascospores are colourless, generally three- or more-septate at maturity, and often [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (thread-like), [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (needle-shaped), or sigmoid (curved like an "S"), though some species have spores that are cylindrical to fusiform. A distinct outer spore coating ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) is absent.[3]

Asexual reproduction occurs through conidia, which are produced in small, often [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] or sessile pycnidia. The conidia are colourless and vary in shape, with some species producing septate conidia. Bacidina species do not contain secondary metabolites that react with common chemical spot tests (C−, K−, KC−, Pd−, I−, UV−), but their apothecia and pycnidia may contain a variety of pigments.[3]

Species

As of February 2025, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 53 species of Bacidina,[4] although a total of 85 taxa have been described in the genus.[5]

The thick, sterile thallus of Bacidina adastra
Bacidina caerulea
Bacidina egenula
  • Bacidina acerina Vondrák, Svoboda & Malíček (2023)[6] – Europe
  • Bacidina adastra (Sparrius & Aptroot)[7] M.Hauck & V.Wirth (2010)
  • Bacidina aenea S.Ekman (1996)[8]
  • Bacidina aeruginosa van den Boom (2021)[9]
  • Bacidina apiahica (Müll.Arg.) Vězda (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina arnoldiana (Körb.) V.Wirth & Vězda (1994)
  • Bacidina arvidssonii (Sérus.) Lücking (2008)
  • Bacidina assulata (Körb.) S.Ekman (1996)[8]
  • Bacidina brandii (Coppins & van den Boom) M.Hauck & V.Wirth (2010)
  • Bacidina brittoniana (Riddle) LaGreca & S.Ekman (2014)
  • Bacidina caerulea (Körb.) S.Ekman (2023)
  • Bacidina californica S.Ekman (1996)[8]
  • Bacidina caligans (Nyl.) Llop & Hladun (2002)
  • Bacidina canariensis Lumbsch & Vězda (1992)
  • Bacidina celtica van den Boom & Llop (2021)[10]
  • Bacidina chloroticula (Nyl.) Vězda & Poelt (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina cinnamomea (Kremp.) Farkas (2015)
  • Bacidina circumpallens (Nyl.) S.Ekman (2023)[11]
  • Bacidina circumpulla S.Ekman (2020)[12]
  • Bacidina clauzadei (Sérus. & Lambinon) Farkas (2015)
  • Bacidina contecta S.Ekman & T.Sprib. (2009)
  • Bacidina convexa van den Boom (2017)[13] – Panama
  • Bacidina crystallifera S.Ekman 1996)[8]
  • Bacidina defecta Vězda (1994)[14]
  • Bacidina delicata (Larbal. ex Leight.) V.Wirth & Vězda (1994)
  • Bacidina dichroma van den Boom (2014)[15] – Guatemala
  • Bacidina digitalis M.Cáceres & Lücking (2007)[16]
  • Bacidina dissecta S.Ekman (2004)
  • Bacidina egenula (Nyl.) Vězda (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina etayana (van den Boom & Vězda) M.Hauck & V.Wirth (2010)
  • Bacidina ferax S.Ekman (2023)[11]
  • Bacidina flavoleprosa Czarnota & Guzow-Krzem. (2012)
  • Bacidina fuscosquamulosa van den Boom (2014)[15] – Guatemala
  • Bacidina hypophylla Lücking & Kalb (2000)[17] – Brazil
  • Bacidina indigens (Vain.) S.Ekman & J.Gerasimova (2017)
  • Bacidina inundata (Fr.) Vězda (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina iqbalii K.Habib & Khalid (2020)[18] – Pakistan
  • Bacidina jasonhurii J.P.Halda, S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2019)
  • Bacidina lacerata (Timdal) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
  • Bacidina lignicola S.Ekman (2023)[11]
  • Bacidina loekoesiana S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2019)
  • Bacidina maculans S.Ekman (2023)[11]
  • Bacidina margallensis M.Fatima, K.Habib & Khalid (2020)[18][18] – Pakistan
  • Bacidina medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
  • Bacidina mendax Czarnota & Guz.-Krzem. (2018)[19] – Europe
  • Bacidina mirabilis (Vězda) Vězda (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina modesta (Zwackh ex Vain.) S.Ekman (2019)
  • Bacidina multiseptata M.Cáceres & Lücking (2007)[16]
  • Bacidina neglecta (Vězda) Vězda (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina neosquamulosa (Aptroot & Herk) S.Ekman (2004)
  • Bacidina neotropica Lücking (2008)[20]
  • Bacidina pallidocarnea (Müll.Arg.) Vězda (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina pallidocarpa van den Boom & Magain (2020)[21] – Macaronesia
  • Bacidina paradoxa Palice (2023)[6]
  • Bacidina phacodes (Körb.) Vězda (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina piceae van den Boom (2021)[9]
  • Bacidina populnea S.Ekman (2023)[11]
  • Bacidina pseudohyphophorifera (Lücking & Sérus.) Lücking (2008)
  • Bacidina pseudoisidiata van den Boom (2013)[22] – Tenerife
  • Bacidina pulverula van den Boom (2022)[23] – Ecuador
  • Bacidina pycnidiata (Czarnota & Coppins) Czarnota & Guz.-Krzem. (2018)[19]
  • Bacidina saxenii (Erichsen) M.Hauck & V.Wirth (2010)
  • Bacidina scutellifera (Vězda) Vězda (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina simplex Farkas & Vězda (1993)[24]
  • Bacidina squamellosa S.Ekman (1996)[8]
  • Bacidina sorediata Seaward & Lücking (2011)[25]
  • Bacidina streimannii Vězda (1994)[14]
  • Bacidina subfuscula (Nyl.) S.Ekman (2023)[11]
  • Bacidina sulphurella (Samp.) M.Hauck & V.Wirth (2010)
  • Bacidina tarandina S.Ekman (2023)
  • Bacidina tenella (Kullh.) S.Ekman (2023)
  • Bacidina terricola van den Boom & Alvarado (2019)
  • Bacidina varia S.Ekman (1996)[8]
  • Bacidina vasakii (Vězda) Vězda (1991)[2]
  • Bacidina violacea van den Boom & Magain (2020)[21] – Macaronesia
  • Bacidina ziamensis (Vězda) Vězda (1991)[2]

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Vězda, A. (1990). "Bacidina genus novum familiae Lecideaceae s.lat. (Ascomycetes lichenisati)" (in la). Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 25 (4): 431–432. doi:10.1007/BF02914011. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cannon, P.; Ekman, S.; Kistenich, S.; LaGreca, S.; Printzen, C.; Timdal, E.; Aptroot, A.; Coppins, B. et al. (2023). Lecanorales: Ramalinaceae [revision 1, including the genera Bacidia, Bacidina, Bellicidia, Biatora, Bibbya, Bilimbia, Cliostomum, Kiliasia, Lecania, Megalaria, Mycobilimbia, Phyllopsora, Ramalina, Scutula, Thalloidima, Toninia, Toniniopsis and Tylothallia]. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 35. pp. 3; 13–14. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Ramalinaceae%20rev%201a_0.pdf.  open access
  4. ↑ "Bacidina". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/CD4SL. 
  5. ↑ "Index Fungorum - Search Page. Search for Bacidina". Index Fungorum. https://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Vondrák, Jan; Svoboda, Stanislav; Košnar, Jiří; Malíček, Jiří; Šoun, Jaroslav; Frolov, Ivan; Svensson, Måns; Novotný, Petr et al. (2023). "Martin7: a reference database of DNA barcodes for European epiphytic lichens and its taxonomic implications". Preslia 95 (3): 311–345. doi:10.23855/preslia.2023.311. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-518356. 
  7. ↑ Sparrius, Laurens B.; Aptroot, André (2003). "Bacidia adastra, a new sorediate lichen species from Western Europe". The Lichenologist 35 (4): 275–278. doi:10.1016/S0024-2829(03)00039-2. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Ekman, S. (1996). "The corticolous and lignicolous species of Bacidia and Bacidina in North America". Opera Botanica 127: 1–148. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 van den Boom, P.P.G. (2021). "Foliicolous lichens and their lichenicolous fungi in Macaronesia and atlantic Europe.". Bibliotheca Lichenologica 111: 39; 52. 
  10. ↑ van den Boom, P.P.G.; Llop, E. (2021). "Bacidina celtica (Ramalinaceae), a new lichen species from western Europe". Sydowia 74: 65–70. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Ekman, S. (2023). "Four new and two resurrected species of Bacidina from Sweden, with notes and a preliminary key to the known Scandinavian species". Nordic Journal of Botany 2023 (5). doi:10.1111/njb.03846. 
  12. ↑ Spribille, Toby; Fryday, Alan M.; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Svensson, Måns; Tønsberg, Tor; Ekman, Stefan; Holien, Håkon; Resl, Philipp et al. (2020). "Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska". The Lichenologist 52 (2): 61–181. doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079. PMID 32788812. 
  13. ↑ van den Boom, Pieter P.G.; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Ertz, Damien (2017). "New or interesting records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Panama, with descriptions of ten new species". Sydowia 69 (69): 47–72. doi:10.12905/0380.sydowia69-2017-0047. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Vězda, A. (1994). "Neue foliicole Flechten II" (in de). Nova Hedwigia 58: 123–143. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 van den Boom, P.P.G.; Sipman, H.J.M. (2014). "New or interesting lichen records from Guatemala II (with descriptions of six new species)". Sydowia 66: 146–147. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Cáceres, M.E.S. (2007). "Corticolous crustose and microfoliose lichens of northeastern Brazil". Libri Botanici 22: 39. 
  17. ↑ Lücking, R.; Kalb, K. (2000). "Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu Coenogonium und Dimerella (Gyalectaceae)" (in de). Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 122 (1): 1–61. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Fatima, M.; Habib, K.; Czarnota, P.; Khalid, A.N. (2020). "Two new Bacidina species (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) from Pakistan". Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 58: 25–34. doi:10.12697/fce.2021.58.03. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Czarnota, Paweł; Guzow-Krzemińska, Beata (2018). "Bacidina mendax sp. nov., a new widespread species in Central Europe, together with a new combination within the genus Bacidina". The Lichenologist 50 (1): 43–57. doi:10.1017/S0024282917000627. 
  20. ↑ Lücking, Robert (2008). Foliicolous Lichenized Fungi. Flora Neotropica. 103. New York: New York Botanical Garden Press. p. 608. ISBN 978-0-89327-491-7. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 van den Boom, P.P.G.; Magain, N. (2020). "Three new lichen species from Macaronesia belonging in Ramalinaceae, with the description of a new genus". Plant and Fungal Systematics 65 (1): 167–175. doi:10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0011. 
  22. ↑ van den Boom, P.P.G. (2013). "Further new or interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)". Stapfia 99: 52–60. 
  23. ↑ van den Boom, P.P.G.; Divakar, P.; Ertz, D.; Etayo, J.; Moberg, R.; Sipman, H. (2022). "New or otherwise interesting records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from mainland Ecuador and surroundings with descriptions of five new species". Acta Botanica Hungarica 64 (3–4): 417–450. doi:10.1556/034.64.2022.3-4.13. http://real.mtak.hu/156758/1/1588-2578-article-p417.pdf. 
  24. ↑ Farkas, E.; Vězda, A. (1993). "Five new foliicolous lichen species". Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 28 (3): 321–330. 
  25. ↑ Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U. et al. (2011). "One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity". Phytotaxa 18 (1): 9–11. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/p00018p127f.pdf. 

Wikidata ☰ Q4838938 entry



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