Biology:C20orf144

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Short description: Human protein-encoding gene


A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example

Chromosome 20 open reading frame 144 (c20orf144) is a human protein-encoding gene.[1] The human c20orf144 protein consists of 153 amino acids, with the first 150 amino acids being characterized as part of the Bcl-2 like protein of testis (Bclt) family (pfam 15318).[2]

Gene

The c20orf144 gene is located on the plus strand at 20q11.22 and spans 3,293 base pairs.[3] The gene contains two exons.[1] Of the plus strand, 572 nucleotides are antisense to parts of the human genes PXMP4 and NECAB3.[4] Other gene neighbors include ACTL10 and CBFA2T2.[5]

Transcript

The encoded mRNA is 522 nucleotides in length (Accession: NM_080825) and there are no identified alternative splicings.[6] Human c20orf144 mRNA expression is enriched in the testis, specifically in the early and late spermatids.[7]

Protein

The human c20orf144 gene encodes a protein of 153 amino acids in length, and there are three disordered regions (Accession: NP_543015.1).[2] Amino acids 1-150 are a part of the Bclt protein family which is predicted to be involved in apoptosis.[8] The molecular weight is 17.2kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point is 11.47.[9] There are 21 more lysines and arginines, which are positively charged, than there are aspartates and glutamates, which are negatively charged.

Annotated conceptual translation of human C20orf144 mRNA and protein.[2]

The tertiary protein structure, produced by AlphaFold,[10] predicts the presence of 3 α helices, and the absence of β sheets in human c20orf144.

AlphaFold protein structure prediction of human C20orf144. Blue indicates positive residues, red indicates negative residues, and gray indicate neutral residues. The predicted alpha helices are shown in spherical form. The iCn3D Structure Viewer program in NCBI was used to add charge indications and spherical form.
AlphaFold[10] structure prediction of human C20orf144. The predicted alpha helices are shown in spherical form.

Cellular localization

Analysis of the localization of human c20orf144 and many mammalian orthologs predicts localization of c20orf144 in the nucleus, with 78.3% confidence for the human protein.[11]

Post translational modifications

Table 1. Predicted Post Translation Modifications of Human C20orf144
Modification Modification Site in Human C20orf144
N-Myristoylation[11][12] 2G
Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation[13] 6S
Casein Kinase 2 Phosphorylation[13] 87S
Non-Specific Phosphorylation[13] 117S
O-Glycosylation[14] 117S
Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation[13] 123S

Evolution and orthologs

The rate of evolution of C20orf144 in comparison to the rates of evolution of Cytochrome C and Fibrinogen Alpha Chain.

The evolutionary rate of C20orf144 is comparable to the high rate of evolution of fibrinogen alpha chain, suggesting the protein is evolving quickly.

Orthologs of the c20orf144 gene in Homo sapiens are found in many mammals excluding monotremes.[15] As shown in Table 2, marsupials are the most distantly related organisms to humans in which proteins encoded by human c20orf144 gene orthologs are found, suggesting that C20orf144 first appeared approximately 160 million years ago.

Table 2. Proteins encoded by the orthologs of the c20orf144 gene in humans.
Genus and Species Common Name Order Protein Accession # Median Date of Divergence (MYA)[16] Sequence Length Squence Identity (%) Sequence Similarity (%)
Homo sapiens Human Primata NP_543015.1 0 153 100 100
Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey Primata XP_001105397.1 28.9 153 86.3 90.8
Piliocolobus tephrosceles Ugandan Red Colobus Primata XP_023076213.1 28.9 141 63.7 66.1
Jaculus jaculus Lesser Egyptian Jerboa Rodentia XP_045011648.1 87 176 46.4 55.8
Myodes glareolus Bank Vole Rodentia XP_048287479.1 87 197 42.1 51.8
Mus musculus House Mouse Rodentia NP_083581.1 87 197 41.4 49.8
Camelus ferus Wild Bactrian Camel Artiodactyla XP_032318023.1 94 174 54 64.4
Equus caballus Domestic Horse Perissodactyla XP_023482143.1 94 178 45.7 56
Monodon monoceros Narwhal Artiodactyla XP_029075207.1 94 181 42.9 50.5
Physeter catodon Sperm Whale Artiodactyla XP_023984368.1 94 148 40.8 48.4
Prionailurus bengalensis Leopard Cat Carnivora XP_043458511.1 94 179 52 60.9
Ursus arctos Brown Bear Carnivora XP_026358671.1 94 184 51.6 61.4
Eumetopias jubatus Steller Sea Lion Carnivora XP_027974622.1 94 184 47.3 58.1
Rousettus aegyptiacus Egyptian Fruit Bat Chiroptera XP_016017694.2 94 175 51.4 62.7
Rhinolophus ferrumenquinum Greater Horseshoe Bat Chiroptera XP_032951343.1 94 191 40.2 51.5
Pteropus vampyrus Large Flying Fox Chiroptera XP_023377960.1 94 209 40 50.5
Choloepus didactylus Southern Two-Toed Sloth Pilosa XP_037668100.1 99 188 47.9 57.4
Gracilinanus agilis Agile Gracile Mouse Opossum Didelphimorphia XP_044517537.1 160 169 37.9 49.7
Dromiciops gliroides Monito del Monte Microbiotheria XP_043845608.1 160 170 37 50.8
Sarcophilus harrisii Tasmanian Devil Dasyuromorphia XP_031809718.1 160 160 36.4 50

Clinical significance

In a study of 28 breast cancer patients, missense mutations in c20orf144 were found in approximately 33% of patients, suggesting a potential role for c20orf144 in the development of breast cancer.[17] Furthermore, c20orf144 is listed in primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells as a top candidate hit in an siRNA screen, which silences targeted genes.[18] The silencing of c20orf144 in cells exposed to Shiga toxin resulted in metabolic activity that was greater than or equal to 90% of that in a typical cell.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "C20orf144 chromosome 20 open reading frame 144 [Homo sapiens (human) - Gene - NCBI"]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/128864. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "RecName: Full=Uncharacterized protein C20orf144; AltName: Full=Bcl-2-like protein from testis; Short=Bclt - Gene - NCBI". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/Q9BQM9.1. 
  3. ↑ "C20orf144 Gene - Chromosome 20 Open Reading Frame 144". https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C20orf144&keywords=c20orf144. 
  4. ↑ "Gene C20orf144". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/IEB/Research/Acembly/av.cgi?db=human&c=Gene&a=clones&l=C20orf144. 
  5. ↑ "Entry on C20orf144". https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&lastVirtModeType=default&lastVirtModeExtraState=&virtModeType=default&virtMode=0&nonVirtPosition=&position=chr20%3A32967252%2D34391051&hgsid=1510047253_SvPduCG2TLRfvOPw3mI8Lc7FDex4. 
  6. ↑ "Homo sapiens chromosome 20 open reading frame 144 (C20orf144), mRNA - Gene - NCBI". 24 June 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_080825.4. 
  7. ↑ "Human Protein Atlas C20orf144 entry". https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000149609-C20orf144/single+cell+type. 
  8. ↑ "NCBI Entry on Bclt". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/PF15318. 
  9. ↑ "Compute pI/MW". https://web.expasy.org/compute_pi/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "AlphaFold Protein Structure Database entry on Human C20orf144". https://alphafold.com/. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "PSORT II Prediction". https://psort.hgc.jp/form2.html. 
  12. ↑ "Myristoylator". https://web.expasy.org/myristoylator/. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Phosphorylation Sites in Eukaryotic Proteins". DTU Health Tech. https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/service.php?NetPhos-3.1. 
  14. ↑ "O-(beta)-GlcNAc glycosylation and Yin-Yang sites". DTU Health Tech. https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/service.php?YinOYang-1.2. 
  15. ↑ "C20orf144 Entry". https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=blastp&PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch&LINK_LOC=blasthome. 
  16. ↑ "TimeTree 5: An Expanded Resource for Species Divergence Times". Molecular Biology and Evolution 39 (8). August 2022. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac174. PMID 35932227. 
  17. ↑ "Microarray-based SNP genotyping to identify genetic risk factors of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in South Indian population". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 442 (1-2): 1–10. May 2018. doi:10.1007/s11010-017-3187-6. PMID 28918577. 
  18. ↑ "Characterization of cellular pathways and potency of Shiga toxin on endothelial cells". University of Cincinnati. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/47054978.pdf. 



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