Biology:Chromosome 20

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Short description: Human chromosome
Chromosome 20
Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 20 cropped.png
Human chromosome 20 pair after G-banding.
One is from mother, one is from father.
Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 20.png
Chromosome 20 pair
in human male karyogram.
Features
Length (bp)66,210,255 bp
(CHM13)
No. of genes516 (CCDS)[1]
TypeAutosome
Centromere positionMetacentric[2]
(28.1 Mbp[3])
Complete gene lists
CCDSGene list
HGNCGene list
UniProtGene list
NCBIGene list
External map viewers
EnsemblChromosome 20
EntrezChromosome 20
NCBIChromosome 20
UCSCChromosome 20
Full DNA sequences
RefSeqNC_000020 (FASTA)
GenBankCM000682 (FASTA)

Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Chromosome 20 spans around 66 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 2 and 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Chromosome 20 was fully sequenced in 2001 and was reported to contain over 59 million base pairs.[4] Since then, due to sequencing improvements and fixes, the length of chromosome 20 has been updated to just over 66 million base pairs.[5]

Genes

Number of genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 20. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[6]

Estimated by Protein-coding genes Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes Source Release date
CCDS 516 — — [1] 2016-09-08
HGNC 519 191 297 [7] 2017-05-12
Ensembl 540 594 247 [8] 2017-03-29
UniProt 550 — — [9] 2018-02-28
NCBI 555 487 333 [10][11][12] 2017-05-19

Gene list

See also: Category:Genes on human chromosome 20.

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 20. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.


Diseases and disorders

The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 20:[13]

Cytogenetic band

G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 20
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 20 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser).
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 20 in three different resolutions (400,[14] 550[15] and 850[3]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).[16] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process.[17]
G-bands of human chromosome 20 in resolution 850 bphs[18]
Chr. Arm[19] Band[20] ISCN
start[21] 		ISCN
stop[21] 		Basepair
start 		Basepair
stop 		Stain[22] Density
20 p 13 0 333 1 5,100,000 gneg
20 p 12.3 333 513 5,100,001 9,200,000 gpos 75
20 p 12.2 513 624 9,200,001 12,000,000 gneg
20 p 12.1 624 915 12,000,001 17,900,000 gpos 75
20 p 11.23 915 1164 17,900,001 21,300,000 gneg
20 p 11.22 1164 1275 21,300,001 22,300,000 gpos 25
20 p 11.21 1275 1441 22,300,001 25,700,000 gneg
20 p 11.1 1441 1608 25,700,001 28,100,000 acen
20 q 11.1 1608 1774 28,100,001 30,400,000 acen
20 q 11.21 1774 1927 30,400,001 33,500,000 gneg
20 q 11.22 1927 2051 33,500,001 35,800,000 gpos 25
20 q 11.23 2051 2232 35,800,001 39,000,000 gneg
20 q 12 2232 2439 39,000,001 43,100,000 gpos 75
20 q 13.11 2439 2578 43,100,001 43,500,000 gneg
20 q 13.12 2578 2758 43,500,001 47,800,000 gpos 25
20 q 13.13 2758 3077 47,800,001 51,200,000 gneg
20 q 13.2 3077 3299 51,200,001 56,400,000 gpos 75
20 q 13.31 3299 3382 56,400,001 57,800,000 gneg
20 q 13.32 3382 3493 57,800,001 59,700,000 gpos 50
20 q 13.33 3493 3770 59,700,001 64,444,167 gneg

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Search results - 20[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". 2016-09-08. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=20%5BChr%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22has%20ccds%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch. 
  2. ↑ Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010). Human Molecular Genetics. Garland Science. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-136-84407-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=dSwWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  4. ↑ Deloukas P (2001). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20". Nature 414 (6866): 865–871. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052. Bibcode: 2001Natur.414..865D. 
  5. ↑ "Homo sapiens chromosome 20, GRCh37.p13 Primary Assembly". National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_000020. 
  6. ↑ Pertea M, Salzberg SL (2010). "Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes.". Genome Biol 11 (5): 206. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206. PMID 20441615. 
  7. ↑ "Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 20". 2017-05-12. https://www.genenames.org/cgi-bin/statistics?c=20. 
  8. ↑ "Chromosome 20: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens". 2017-03-29. http://mar2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Location/Chromosome?r=20. 
  9. ↑ "Human chromosome 20: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM". 2018-02-28. https://www.uniprot.org/docs/humchr20.txt. 
  10. ↑ "Search results - 20[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". 2017-05-19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=20%5BCHR%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22genetype%20protein%20coding%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch. 
  11. ↑ "Search results - 20[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ( ("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". 2017-05-19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=20%5BCHR%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%28%22genetype%20miscrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20ncrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20rrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20trna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20scrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20snrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20snorna%22%5BProperties%5D%29%20NOT%20%22genetype%20protein%20coding%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch. 
  12. ↑ "Search results - 20[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". 2017-05-19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=20%5BCHR%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22genetype%20pseudo%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch. 
  13. ↑ Gilbert F (1997). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome". Genet Test 1 (3): 225–229. doi:10.1089/gte.1997.1.225. PMID 10464650. 
  14. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (400 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  15. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  16. ↑ International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-3-318-02253-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=lGCLrh0DIwEC. 
  17. ↑ Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. (2012). "Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images". 2012 Ninth International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE). pp. 276–282. doi:10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965. ISBN 978-1-4673-1921-8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261304470. 
  18. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  19. ↑ "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
  20. ↑ For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
  22. ↑ gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.

External links



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