Biology:Carcharhinus

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Short description: Genus of sharks

Carcharhinus
Temporal range: Lutetian-recent
~42–0 Ma[1][2]
Grey5b.jpg
Grey reef shark (C. amblyrhynchos)
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Subdivision: Selachimorpha
Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Carcharhinidae
Genus: Carcharhinus
Blainville 1816
Type species
Carcharias melanopterus
Quoy & Gaimard 1824
Synonyms
  • Aprionodon Gill 1861
  • Eulamia Gill 1862
  • Galeolamna Owen 1853
  • Gillisqualus Whitley 1934
  • Hypoprion Müller & Henle 1838
  • Platypodon Gill 1862
  • Pterolamiops Springer 1951
  • Uranga Whitley 1943

Carcharhinus is the type genus of the family Carcharhinidae, the requiem sharks. One of 12 genera in its family, it contains over half of the species therein. It contains 35 extant and eight extinct species to date, with likely more species yet to be described.[3]

Species

Extant

Genus Carcharhinus Blainville 1816 - 35 extant species
Common name Scientific name Geographic range Conservation status
IUCN Red List
Length Image
Blacknose shark Carcharhinus acronotus
(Poey, 1860)
Blacknose shark geographic range Endangered 1.3 m (4.3 ft) Blacknose shark (Carcharhinus acronotus)
Silvertip shark Carcharhinus albimarginatus
(Rüppell, 1837)
Silvertip shark geographic range Vulnerable 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft)
maximum 3 m (9.8 ft)
Silvertip shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus)
Bignose shark Carcharhinus altimus
(S. Springer, 1950)
Bignose shark geographic range Near threatened 2.7–2.8 m (8.9–9.2 ft)
possibly 3 m (9.8 ft)
Bignose shark (Carcharhinus altimus)
Graceful shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides
(Whitley, 1934)
Graceful shark geographic range Vulnerable 1.7 m (5.6 ft) Graceful shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides)
Grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
(Bleeker, 1856)
Grey reef shark geographic range Endangered Mostly less than 1.9 m (6.2 ft)
maximum 2.6 m (8.5 ft)
Grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos)
Pigeye shark Carcharhinus amboinensis
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Pigeye shark geographic range Vulnerable 1.9–2.5 m (6.2–8.2 ft)
max. 2.8 m (9.2 ft)
Pigeye shark (Carcharhinus amboinensis)
Borneo shark Carcharhinus borneensis
(Bleeker, 1858)
Borneo shark geographic range Critically endangered 0.7 m (2.3 ft)
Copper shark Carcharhinus brachyurus
(Günther, 1870)
Copper shark geographic range Vulnerable 3.3 m (11 ft) Copper shark (Carcharhinus brachyurus)
Spinner shark Carcharhinus brevipinna
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Spinner shark geographic range Vulnerable 2 m (6.6 ft)
maximum 3 m (9.8 ft)
Spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna)
Nervous shark Carcharhinus cautus
(Whitley, 1945)
Nervous shark geographic range Least concern 1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft)
possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Nervous shark (Carcharhinus cautus)
Pacific smalltail shark Carcharhinus cerdale
(C. H. Gilbert, 1898)
Pacific smalltail shark geographic range Critically endangered 1.4 m (4.6 ft) Pacific smalltail shark (Carcharhinus cerdale)
Australian blackspot shark Carcharhinus coatesi
(Whitley, 1939)
Least concern 0.8 m (2.6 ft) Australian blackspot shark (Carcharhinus coatesi)
Whitecheek shark Carcharhinus dussumieri
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Whitecheek shark geographic range Endangered 1 m (3.3 ft) Whitecheek shark (Carcharhinus dussumieri)
Silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Silky shark geographic range Vulnerable 2.5 m (8.2 ft)
maximum 3.3 m (11 ft)
Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis)
Creek whaler Carcharhinus fitzroyensis
(Whitley, 1943)
Creek whaler geographic range Least concern 1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft)
possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Creek whaler (Carcharhinus fitzroyensis)
Galapagos shark Carcharhinus galapagensis
(Snodgrass & Heller, 1905)
Galapagos shark geographic range Least concern 3 m (9.8 ft)
maximum 3.3 m (11 ft)
Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis)
Pondicherry shark Carcharhinus hemiodon
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Pondicherry shark geographic range Critically endangered 1 m (3.3 ft) Pondicherry shark (Carcharhinus hemiodon)
Human's whaler shark Carcharhinus humani
(W. T. White & Weigmann, 2014)
Data deficient 0.8 m (2.6 ft)
Finetooth shark Carcharhinus isodon
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Finetooth shark geographic range Near threatened 1.6–1.7 m (5.2–5.6 ft)
maximum 1.9 m (6.2 ft)
Finetooth shark (Carcharhinus isodon)
Smoothtooth blacktip shark Carcharhinus leiodon
(Garrick, 1985)
Smoothtooth blacktip shark geographic range Endangered 1.2 m (3.9 ft) Smoothtooth blacktip shark (Carcharhinus leiodon)
Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Bull shark geographic range Vulnerable 2.3–2.4 m (7.5–7.9 ft)
maximum 3.6–4.0 m (11.8–13.1 ft)
Bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas)
Blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Blacktip shark geographic range Vulnerable 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
maximum 2.6 m (8.5 ft)
Blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus)
Oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus
(Poey, 1861)
Oceanic whitetip shark geographic range Critically endangered 3 m (9.8 ft) Oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus)
Hardnose shark Carcharhinus macloti
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Hardnose shark geographic range Near threatened 1.1 m (3.6 ft) Hardnose shark (Carcharhinus macloti)
Blacktip reef shark TCarcharhinus melanopterus
(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Blacktip reef shark geographic range Vulnerable 1.6 m (5.2 ft)
maximum 1.8 m (5.9 ft)
Blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus)
Dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus
(Lesueur, 1818)
Dusky shark geographic range Endangered 3.2 m (10 ft)
maximum 4.0 m (13.1 ft)
Dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus)
Lost shark[4] Carcharhinus obsolerus
(White, Kyne, & Harris, 2019)
Critically endangered (possibly extinct) 0.37–0.43 m (15–17 in)
(juvenile length only)
Caribbean reef shark Carcharhinus perezi
(Poey, 1876)
Caribbean reef shark geographic range Endangered 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft)
maximum 3 m (9.8 ft)
Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi)
Sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus
(Nardo, 1827)
Sandbar shark geographic range Endangered 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) Sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus)
Smalltail shark Carcharhinus porosus
(Ranzani, 1839)
Smalltail shark geographic range Critically endangered 0.9–1.1 m (3.0–3.6 ft)
maximum 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Smalltail shark (Carcharhinus porosus)
Blackspot shark Carcharhinus sealei
(Pietschmann, 1913)
Blackspot shark geographic range Vulnerable 1 m (3.3 ft) Blackspot shark (Carcharhinus sealei)
Night shark Carcharhinus signatus
(Poey, 1868)
Night shark geographic range Endangered 2 m (6.6 ft)
maximum 2.8 m (9.2 ft)
Night shark (Carcharhinus signatus)
Spot-tail shark Carcharhinus sorrah
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)
Spot-tail shark geographic range Near threatened 1.6 m (5.2 ft) Spot-tail shark (Carcharhinus sorrah)
Australian blacktip shark Carcharhinus tilstoni
(Whitley, 1950)
Australian blacktip shark geographic range Least concern 1.5–1.8 m (4.9–5.9 ft)
maximum 2 m (6.6 ft)
Australian blacktip shark (Carcharhinus tilstoni)
Indonesian whaler shark Carcharhinus tjutjot
(Bleeker, 1852)
Vulnerable 0.9 m (3.0 ft) Indonesian whaler shark (Carcharhinus tjutjot)

T Type species

Fossil

Age Species Authority Formation Location Image Notes
Montehermosan C. egertoni Agassiz 1843 Onzole Ecuador [5]
Pliocene Luanda Angola
Villamagna Italy
Huayquerian Camacho Uruguay
Late Miocene Penedo Portugal
Middle Miocene Sekinobana Japan
Suso
Hannoura
Langhian Higashi-innai
Colhuehuapian Pirabas Brazil [6]
Burdigalian Calvert Maryland [5]
Early Miocene Baripada India
Early Piacenzian C. priscus Agassiz 1843 Oosterhout Netherlands [7]
Montehermosan Onzole Ecuador
Pliocene Luanda Angola
Hemphillian Curré Costa Rica
Huayquerian Pisco Peru
Late Miocene Penedo Portugal
Uscari Costa Rica
Fujina Japan
Takakubo
Badenian Hrušky Czech Republic
Korytnica Poland
Serravallian Moulin de Débat France
Kurahara Japan
Wajimazaki
Horimatsu
Middle Miocene Sekinobana
Suso
Hannoura
Maenami
Langhian Higashi-innai
Florianer Schichten Austria
Grund
Weissenegg
Middle Miocene Punta Judas Costa Rica
Burdigalian Dera Bugti Pakistan
Dam Saudi Arabia
Colhuehuapian Pirabas Brazil [6]
Aquitanian Trent North Carolina [7]
Early Miocene Filakovo Slovakia
Chasicoan C. caquetius Carrillo Briceño et al. 2015 Urumaco Venezuela
Carcharhinus caquetius - Urumaco Formation - Venezuela.jpg
[8]
Santacrucian C. ackermani Santos & Travasos 1960 Cantaure Venezuela [9][10]
Colhuehuapian Pirabas Brazil [6]
Burdigalian C. gibbesi Woodward 1889 Trent North Carolina
Carcharhinus gibbesi - Chandler Bridge Formation - USA.jpg
[2][11]
Chattian Chandler Bridge South Carolina
Priabonian Clinchfield Georgia
Yazoo Alabama
Louisiana
Jackson Gp. Arkansas
Bartonian Gosport Sand Alabama
Moodys Branch Louisiana
Mississippi
Lutetian Crockett Texas
Rupelian C. balochenisis Adnet et al. 2007 Chitarwata Pakistan [12][13]
Rupelian C. perseus Adnet et al. 2007 Chitarwata Pakistan [12][14]
Minqar Tabaghbagh Egypt
Bartonian C. nigeriensis White 1926 Ameki Nigeria [15][16]

See also

  • List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera

References

  1. Carrier, J.C.; J.A. Musick; M.R. Heithaus (2004). Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-8493-1514-X. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 Cicimurri & Knight, 2009
  3. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2011). Species of Carcharhinus in FishBase. February 2011 version.
  4. Harris et al., 2019
  5. 5.0 5.1 Carcharhinus egertoni at Fossilworks.org
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 De Aráujo Távora et al., 2010
  7. 7.0 7.1 Carcharhinus priscus at Fossilworks.org
  8. Carrillo Briceño et al., 2015
  9. Aguilera & De Aguilera, 2001
  10. C. ackermani at Fossilworks.org
  11. C. gibbesi at Fossilworks.org
  12. 12.0 12.1 Adnet et al., 2007
  13. C. balochenisis at Fossilworks.org
  14. C. perseus at Fossilworks.org
  15. C. nigeriensis at Fossilworks.org
  16. Halstead & Middleton, 1974

Bibliography

Wikidata ☰ Q312359 entry