Earth:Chilcatay Formation

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Chilcatay Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Miocene
(Burdigalian)[1]
~19.2–18.0 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofPisco Basin
UnderliesPisco Formation
OverliesOtuma Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, siltstone
Location
CountryPeru

The Chilcatay Formation is a geologic formation located in Peru. The formation was deposited in the Pisco Basin, during the Early Miocene, roughly from 19.2 to 18.0 Ma. Fossil remains of baleen whales, sharks, and rays have been found in the formation.[2][3]

Paleobiota of the Chilcatay Formation

Mammals

Dolphins

Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Huaridelphis H. raimondii A squalodelphinid river dolphin [4]
Ensidelphis E. riveroi A river dolphin [5]
Furcacetus F. flexirostrum A river dolphin [5]
Incacetus I. broggii A kentriodontid dolphin
cf. Kentriodon cf. K. sp. A kentriodontid dolphin
Macrosqualodelphis M. ukupachai A squalodelphinid river dolphin [6]
Notocetus N. vanbenedeni A squalodelphinid river dolphin
Squalodelphinidae Gen. et. sp. indet. A river dolphin

Whales

Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Amphidelphis A. bakersfieldensis A cranium [7]
Cetotheriidae Gen. et. sp. indet.
Chaeomysticeti Gen. et. sp. indet. A partial skull (CTZ 02) A baleen whale; either a late-diverging stem mysticete or an early-branching crown mysticete
A badly damaged dentary (ZM 98) A baleen whale; crownward of Eomysticetidae
A skull (ZM 152) A crown-group baleen whale, possibly a basal plicogulan
Chilcacetus C. cavirhinus A toothed whale [8]
C. ullujayensis
Diaphorocetus D. otergai A physeteroid sperm whale [9]
Eurhinodelphinidae Gen. et. sp. indet. A toothed whale
Inticetus I. vertizi A toothed whale [10]
Mysticeti Gen. et. sp. indet. A baleen whale
Odontoceti Gen. et. sp. indet. A toothed whale
Rhaphicetus R. valenciae A physeteroid sperm whale [11]

Seals

Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Pinnipedia Gen. et. sp. indet. A seal

Birds

Penguins

Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Palaeospheniscus P. sp. An early penguin

Reptiles

Turtles

Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Testudines Gen. et. sp. indet. A turtle

Crocodilians

Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Sacacosuchus S. cordovai A gavialid crocodilian [12]

Cartilaginous fish

Rays

Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
cf. Anoxypristis cf. A. sp. A rostral spine A sawfish
Dasyatidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Dermal denticles A whiptail stingray
Myliobatoidea Gen. et. sp. indet. Teeth A stingray; several of the teeth compare favorably with Myliobatis eagle rays

Sharks

Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Alopias A. superciliosus Teeth The bigeye thresher
A. cf. vulpinus Teeth Tentatively assigned to the common thresher
Anotodus A. agassizii Teeth A thresher shark
Carcharhinus C. brachyurus Teeth The copper shark
C. dicelmai[13]
C. cf. leucas A tooth Tentatively assigned to the bull shark
Carcharias C. sp. Teeth A sand tiger shark
Carcharodon C. subauriculatus A white shark
Cosmopolitodus C. hastalis Teeth White sharks
C. plicatilis Teeth
Galeocerdo G. aduncus Teeth A tiger shark
Hemipristis H. serra Teeth A weasel shark
Isurus I. oxyrinchus Teeth The shortfin mako shark
Megalolamna M. paradoxodon A tooth A megatoothed shark
Megachasma M. cf. applegatei Teeth A megamouth shark
Negaprion N. brevirostris Teeth The lemon shark
Otodus O. chubutensis Teeth A megatoothed shark; sometimes placed in separate genus Carcharocles
Parotodus P. benedenii Teeth A possible megatoothed shark
Physogaleus P. contortus Teeth A ground shark
Sphyrna S. zygaena Teeth The smooth hammerhead
Squatina S. sp. Teeth An angel shark

References

  1. ↑ Bosio, Giulia; Malinverno, Elisa; Villa, Igor Maria; Di Celma, Claudio; Gariboldi, Karen; Gioncada, Anna; Barberini, Valentina; Urbina, Mario et al. (2020-03-25). "Tephrochronology and chronostratigraphy of the Miocene Chilcatay and Pisco formations (East Pisco Basin, Peru)" (in en). Newsletters on Stratigraphy 53 (2): 213–247. doi:10.1127/nos/2019/0525. ISSN 0078-0421. Bibcode: 2020NewSt..53..213B. http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/nos/detail/53/91473/Tephrochronology_and_chronostratigraphy_of_the_Mio?af=crossref. 
  2. ↑ Nobile, Francesco; Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Amson, Eli; Bosselaers, Mark; Bosio, Giulia; Pellegrino, Luca; Malinverno, Elisa et al. (2025-03-13). "Surviving a Dark Age: The Oldest Baleen-Bearing Whales (Cetacea: Chaeomysticeti) of Pacific South America (Lower Miocene, Peru)" (in en). Life 15 (3): 452. doi:10.3390/life15030452. ISSN 2075-1729. PMID 40141799. 
  3. ↑ Landini, Walter; Collareta, Alberto; Di Celma, Claudio; Malinverno, Elisa; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2019-04-01). "The early Miocene elasmobranch assemblage from Zamaca (Chilcatay Formation, Peru)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences 91: 352–371. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.08.004. ISSN 0895-9811. Bibcode: 2019JSAES..91..352L. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895981118301858. 
  4. ↑ Olivier Lambert; Giovanni Bianucci; Mario Urbina (2014). "Huaridelphis raimondii, a new early Miocene Squalodelphinidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Chilcatay Formation, Peru". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (5): 987–1004. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.858050. Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34..987L. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Giovanni Bianucci; Christian de Muizon; Mario Urbina; Olivier Lambert (2020). "Extensive diversity and disparity of the early Miocene platanistoids (Cetacea, Odontoceti) in the southeastern Pacific (Chilcatay Formation, Peru)". Life 10 (3). doi:10.3390/life10030027. PMID 32197480. Bibcode: 2020Life...10...27B. 
  6. ↑ Giovanni Bianucci; Giulia Bosio; Elisa Malinverno; Christian de Muizon; Igor M. Villa; Mario Urbina; Olivier Lambert (2018). "A new large squalodelphinid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from Peru sheds light on the Early Miocene platanistoid disparity and ecology". Royal Society Open Science 5 (4). doi:10.1098/rsos.172302. PMID 29765678. Bibcode: 2018RSOS....572302B. 
  7. ↑ Lambert, O.; de Muizon, C.; Bennion, R. F.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2025). "New data on archaic homodont odontocetes from the Early Miocene of Peru reveal a second species of Chilcacetus Lambert, Muizon & Bianucci, 2015 and a Southern Hemisphere record for a northeastern Pacific species". Geodiversitas. 47 (9): 369–408. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2025v47a9.
  8. ↑ Olivier Lambert; Christian De Muizon; Giovanni Bianucci (2015). "A new archaic homodont toothed cetacean (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the early Miocene of Peru". Geodiversitas 37 (1): 79–108. doi:10.5252/g2015n1a4. http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/37/1/un-nouveau-cetace-dents-mammalia-cetacea-odontoceti-archaique-homodonte-du-miocene-inferieur-du-perou. 
  9. ↑ Lambert, O.; Collareta, A.; Benites-Palomino, A.; Merella, M.; de Muizon, C.; Bennion, R.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2023). "A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna". Geodiversitas 45 (20): 659–679. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a22. https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/45/22. 
  10. ↑ Olivier Lambert; Christian de Muizon; Elisa Malinverno; Claudio Di Celma; Mario Urbina; Giovanni Bianucci (2017). "A new odontocete (toothed cetacean) from the Early Miocene of Peru expands the morphological disparity of extinct heterodont dolphins". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16 (12): 981–1016. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1359689. 
  11. ↑ Olivier Lambert; Christian de Muizon; Mario Urbina; Giovanni Bianucci (2020). "A new longirostrine sperm whale (Cetacea, Physeteroidea) from the lower Miocene of the Pisco Basin (southern coast of Peru)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 (20): 1707–1742. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1805520. Bibcode: 2020JSPal..18.1707L. 
  12. ↑ "Miocene fossils from the southeastern Pacific shed light on the last radiation of marine crocodylians". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 289 (1974). 2022. doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.0380. PMID 35538785. 
  13. ↑ Collareta, A.; Kindlimann, R.; Baglioni, A.; Landini, W.; Sarti, G.; Altamirano, A.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2022). "Dental Morphology, Palaeoecology and Palaeobiogeographic Significance of a New Species of Requiem Shark (Genus Carcharhinus) from the Lower Miocene of Peru (East Pisco Basin, Chilcatay Formation)". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10 (10): 1466. doi:10.3390/jmse10101466. 



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