Earth:Serravallian
| Serravallian | |
|---|---|
| 13.82 – 11.63 Ma | |
| Chronology | |
| Formerly part of | Tertiary Period/System |
| Etymology | |
| Geochronological name | Formal |
| Usage information | |
| Celestial body | Earth |
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) |
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale |
| Definition | |
| Chronological unit | Age |
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage |
| Time span formality | Formal |
| Lower boundary definition | Mi3b Oxygen-isotopic event (Global cooling episode) |
| Lower boundary GSSP | Ras il Pellegrin section, Fomm ir-Riħ Bay, Malta [ ⚑ ] 35°54′50″N 14°20′10″E / 35.9139°N 14.3361°E |
| GSSP ratified | 2007[1] |
| Upper boundary definition | LAD of the Haptophyte Discoaster kugleri |
| Upper boundary GSSP | Monte dei Corvi Beach section, Ancona, Italy [ ⚑ ] 43°35′12″N 13°34′10″E / 43.5867°N 13.5694°E |
| GSSP ratified | 2003[2] |
The Serravallian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or a stage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series, which spans the time between 13.82 Ma and 11.63 Ma (million years ago). The Serravallian follows the Langhian and is followed by the Tortonian.[3]
It overlaps with the middle of the Astaracian European Land Mammal Mega Zone, the upper Barstovian and lower Clarendonian North American Land Mammal Ages and the Laventan and lower Mayoan South American Land Mammal Ages. It is also coeval with the Sarmatian and upper Badenian Stages of the Paratethys time scale of Central and eastern Europe.
Definition
The Serravallian Stage was introduced in stratigraphy by the Italian geologist Lorenzo Pareto in 1865.[4] It was named after the town of Serravalle Scrivia in northern Italy.
The base of the Serravallian is at the first occurrence of fossils of the nanoplankton species Sphenolithus heteromorphus and is located in the chronozone C5ABr. The official Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Serravallian is in the 'Ras il-Pellegrin' section, located at the 'Ras il-Pellegrin' headland in the vicinity of 'Fomm ir-Rih' Bay, SW Malta.The base of the Serravallian is represented in the field as the formation boundary between the Globigerina Limestone formation and the Blue Clay formation.[5] The base of the Serravallian is related to the Mi3b oxygen isotope excursion marking the onset of the Middle Miocene Cooling step.
The top of the Serravallian (the base of the Tortonian Stage) is at the last common appearance of calcareous nanoplanktons Discoaster kugleri and planktonic foram Globigerinoides subquadratus. It is also associated with the short normal-polarized chronozone C5r.2n.
Paleontology
Cartilaginous fish
Birds
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Mammals
Reptiles
- Squamata
- Agamidae: Pogona and Diporiphora diverged from their last common ancestor during the Serravallian. [9]
- Crocodylomorpha
- The last known sebecid, Barinasuchus, goes extinct about 11.8 mya. Thus ending the lineage of the notosuchians.
References
Notes
- ↑ Hilgen, F. J.; H. A. Abels; S. Iaccarino; W. Krijgsman; I. Raffi; R. Sprovieri; E. Turco; W. J. Zachariasse (2009). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Serravallian Stage (Middle Miocene)". Episodes 32 (3): 152–166. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i3/002. https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/serravallian.pdf. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ↑ Hilgen, F. J.; Hayfaa Abdul Aziz; Bice, David; Iaccarino, Silvia; Krijgsman, Wout; Kuiper, Klaudia; Montanari, Alessandro; Raffi, Isabella et al. (2005). "The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Tortonian Stage (Upper Miocene) at Monte Dei Corvi". Episodes 28 (1): 6–17. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2005/v28i1/001. https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/tortonian.pdf. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ↑ Gradstein et al. (2004)
- ↑ "Lorenzo Pareto, Note sur les subdivisions que l'on pourrait établir dans les terrains tertaires de l'Apennin septentrional In Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, volume 22, série 2, pp. 210-277". http://jubilotheque.upmc.fr/fonds-bulsgf/GB_000037_001/document.pdf?name=GB_000037_001_pdf.pdf.
- ↑ http://www.stratigraphy.org/gssp/ [bare URL]
- ↑ Pimiento, C.; Clements, C. F. (2014). "When Did Carcharocles megalodon Become Extinct? A New Analysis of the Fossil Record". PLOS ONE 9 (10): e111086. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111086. PMID 25338197. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...9k1086P.
- ↑ Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén; Kókay, József (1998–1999). "Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely" (in hu). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis 23: 33–78. http://www.matramuzeum.hu/Personal/folia/23/03MATSZOLOS.PDF. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
- ↑ Moyà-Solà, S.; Albab, David M.; Almécija, Sergio; Casanovas-Vilar, I; Köhler, M; De Esteban-Trivigno, S; Robles, JM; Galindo, J et al. (2009). "A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade". PNAS 106 (24): 9601–9606. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811730106. PMID 19487676. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..106.9601M..
- ↑ Hugall, Andrew; Foster, Ralph; Hutchinson, Mark; Michael, Lee (January 2008). "Phylogeny of Australasian agamid lizards based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes: implications for morphological evolution and biogeography". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 93 (2): 343–358. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00911.x.
Literature
- Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
- Pareto, L.; 1865: Note sur la subdivision que l'on pourrait etablir dans les terrains de l'Apennin septentrional, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 2(22), p. 210-277. (in French)
External links
- GeoWhen Database - Serravallian
- Neogene timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
- Neogene timescale at the website of the Norwegian network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
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