Biology:Coryphantha

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Short description: Genus of cacti

Coryphantha
Nightblooming cactus.jpg
Coryphantha ramillosa
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Cacteae
Genus: Coryphantha
(Engelm.) Lem.
Species

See text

Coryphantha (from Greek, "flowering on the top"), or beehive cactus, is a genus of small to middle-sized, globose or columnar cacti. The genus is native to arid parts of Central America, Mexico, through Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas and north into southwestern, central, and southeastern Montana. With its two subgenera, 57 species and 20 subspecies, it is one of the largest genera of cactus.[1]

Description

There are four characteristics that distinguish Coryphantha from other cacti.

  1. Their bodies do not have ribs, just tubercles.[2]
  2. The flowers form at the top of the plant (the apex or growing end of the stem).[1]
  3. The tip (podarium) of each flowering tubercle has three parts, the spiny areole, the groove and the axil. Without the groove it is not a Coryphantha.[1]
  4. The seed coat (or testa) has a net-like pattern (reticulate).[3]

More than many other cacti, the Coryphantha change in their appearance over their lifespan.[4] The presence or absence of a central spine is not indicative of the genus, even in fully adult plants.[4]

Name

The name Coryphantha was first applied by George Engelmann in 1856 as a subgenus,[5] the earlier name Aulacothele of Lemaire having been abandoned.[6] In 1868 Lemaire promoted the group to genus level.[5][6] Before this all Coryphantha had been classified as Mammillaria.

Species

Image Scientific name Subspecies Distribution
Coryphantha ancistracantha Haage.jpg Coryphantha clavata (Scheidw.) Backeb.
  • Coryphantha clavata subsp. clavata
  • Coryphantha clavata subsp. stipitata (Scheidw.) Dicht & A.Lüthy
 Mexico
Coryphanta compacta.jpg Coryphantha compacta (Engelm.) Orcutt Mexico (to Sonora)
Coryphantha radians.jpg Coryphantha cornifera (DC.) Lem. Mexico
Coryphantha gladiispina SB711.jpg Coryphantha delaetiana (Quehl) A.Berger Mexico.
Coryphantha palmeri 22.JPG Coryphantha delicata L.Bremer Mexico.
Coryphantha dificilis (5660193255).jpg Coryphantha difficilis (Quehl) Orcutt Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí)
Coryphantha durangensis (5730508551).jpg Coryphantha durangensis (Runge ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose
  • Coryphantha durangensis subsp. cuencamensis (L.Bremer) Dicht & A.Lüthy
  • Coryphantha durangensis subsp. durangensis
 Mexico (Durango, Coahuila).
Coryphantha echinoidea (5766065352).jpg Coryphantha echinoidea (Quehl) Britton & Rose Mexico
Coryphantha echinus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Central Texas to NE. Mexico
CactiFlowers.jpg Coryphantha elephantidens (Lem.) Lem.
  • Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. bumamma (Ehrenb.) Dicht & A.Lüthy
  • Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. elephantidens
  • Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. greenwoodii (Bravo) Dicht & A.Lüthy
 Mexico.
Coryphantha erecta.JPG Coryphantha erecta (Lem. ex Pfeiff.) Lem. Mexico (to Veracruz)
Coryphantha villarensis Haage.jpg Coryphantha georgii Boed. Mexico.
Coryphantha glanduligera (Otto & A.Dietr.) Lem. Mexico (to Jalisco).
Coryphantha glassii (5742180867).jpg Coryphantha glassii Dicht & A.Lüthy Mexico (Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí).
Coryphantha gracilis Bremer & A.B.Lau Mexico (Chihuahua).
Coryphantha hintoniorum.jpg Coryphantha hintoniorum Dicht & A.Lüthy
  • Coryphantha hintoniorum subsp. geoffreyi Dicht & A.Lüthy
  • Coryphantha hintoniorum subsp. hintoniorum
 Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí)
Coryphantha jalpanensis longispina.jpg Coryphantha jalpanensis Buchenau Mexico (Querétaro to Hidalgo)
Coryphantha kracikii.jpg Coryphantha kracikii Halda, Chalupa & Kupčák Mexico (Durango)
Coryphantha longicornis Boed. Mexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango)
Coryphantha maiz-tablasensis.jpg Coryphantha maiz-tablasensis Fritz Schwarz ex Backeb. Mexico (to Jalisco)
Coryphantha neglecta.jpg Coryphantha neglecta L.Bremer Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León).
Coryphantha nickelsiae KŠ 33 (9913391355).jpg Coryphantha nickelsiae (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose Texas to Mexico (Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León)
Coryphantha octacantha (5776826539).jpg Coryphantha octacantha (DC.) Britton & Rose Mexico (to Jalisco).
Coryphantha ottonis 1e.jpg Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiff.) Lem. Mexico.
2010. Выставка цветов в Донецке на день города 40.jpg Coryphantha pallida Britton & Rose
  • Coryphantha pallida subsp. calipensis (Bravo ex S.Arias, Gama & U.Guzmán) Dicht & A.Lüthy
  • Coryphantha pallida subsp. pallida
  • Coryphantha pallida subsp. pseudoradians (Bravo) U.Guzmán & Vázq.-Ben.
 Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca)
Coryphantha poselgeriana-IMG 2436.JPG Coryphantha poselgeriana (A.Dietr.) Britton & Rose Mexico.
Coryphantha potosiana 02.jpg Coryphantha potosiana (Jacobi) Glass & R.A.Foster Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas)
Coryphantha pseudoechinus? (5700361034).jpg Coryphantha pseudoechinus Boed.
  • Coryphantha pseudoechinus subsp. laui (L.Bremer) Dicht & A.Lüthy
  • Coryphantha pseudoechinus subsp. pseudoechinus
 Mexico.
Coryphantha pseudonickelsiae Backeb. Mexico (Durango, Chihuahua, Coahuila)
Coryphantha pulleineana (Backeb.) Glass Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí)
Coryphantha pycnacantha (9328591043).jpg Coryphantha pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem. Mexico.
Coryphantha ramillosa.jpg Coryphantha ramillosa Cutak
  • Coryphantha ramillosa subsp. ramillosa
  • Coryphantha ramillosa subsp. santarosa Dicht & A.Lüthy
 SW. Texas to NE. Mexico
Coryphantha recurvata 1e.jpg Coryphantha recurvata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose
  • Coryphantha recurvata subsp. canatlanensis Dicht & A.Lüthy
  • Coryphantha recurvata subsp. recurvata
 Arizona to Mexico (Sonora)
Coryphantha retusa (5739317510).jpg Coryphantha retusa (Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose Mexico (Puebla, Oaxaca)
Pima Pineapple Cactus Cluster Sahuarita Arizona 2014.jpg Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex Engelm.) Britton & Rose
  • Coryphantha robustispina subsp. robustispina
  • Coryphantha robustispina subsp. scheeri (Lem.) N.P.Taylor
 Arizona to SW. New Mexico and Mexico (Sonora)
Coryphantha salinensis.jpg Coryphantha salinensis (Poselg.) Dicht & A.Lüthy . Mexico
Coryphantha sulcata, Dana Peak Park, Bell County, Texas 1.jpg Coryphantha sulcata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Texas to Mexico (Coahuila, Tamualipas, Nuevo León)
Coryphantha tripugionacantha.jpg Coryphantha tripugionacantha A.B.Lau Mexico (Zacatecas, Jalisco)
Coryphantha vaupeliana Boed. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Durango, Zacatecas)
Coryphantha vogtherriana 01.jpg Coryphantha vogtherriana Werderm. & Boed. Mexico (Jalisco to San Luis Potosí)
Coryphantha werdermannii 1e.jpg Coryphantha werdermannii Boed. Mexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango)
Coryphantha wohlschlageri Holzeis Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí)

Synonymy

The genus has two valid synonyms:

  • Cumarinia Buxb.[5] and
  • Lepidocoryphantha Backeb.[5]

and three invalid ones:

  • Aulacothele Monv. (nom. inval.)
  • Glandulifera (Salm-Dyck) Fric (nom. inval.)
  • Roseia Fric (nom. inval.)

Related genera

A number of Coryphantha have previously been classified in other genera, indeed the type species C. sulcata was originally named Mammillaria sulcata[7] Other examples include Echinocactus salinensis Poselger 1853 now Coryphantha salinensis (Poselger) Dicht and A.Lüthy 1998[8] and Neolloydia pulleineana Blackberg 1948 now Coryphantha pulleineana (Blackberg) Glass 1968.[9]

Similarly, a number of other species have been previously classified as Coryphantha. For example, Escobaria vivipara was called Coryphantha vivipara.[10]

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, p. 1, ISBN:3-540-22306-1
  2. ↑ Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) "3.2 Tubercles" Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, pp. 9–12, ISBN:3-540-22306-1
  3. ↑ Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) "3.7 Seeds" Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, p. 17-20, ISBN:3-540-22306-1
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, p. 2, ISBN:3-540-22306-1
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Anderson, Edward F. (2001) "Coryphantha" The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, p. 186, ISBN:0-88192-498-9
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, p. 23, ISBN:3-540-22306-1
  7. ↑ Britton, Nathaniel Lord and Brown, Addison (1913) An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian (2nd edition) Scribner, New York, pp. 1–3, OCLC 852525
  8. ↑ Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (1998) "Im Feld wiederaufgefunden: Coryphantha salinensis (Poselger) Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 49(11): pp. 256ff., in German
  9. ↑ Glass, Charles (1968) "Cactaceas Mexicanas Poco conocidas" Cactaceas y Suculentas Mexicanas 2: pp. 34ff., in Spanish
  10. ↑ Hunt, David R. and Benson, Lyman (1976) "The lectotype of Coryphantha". Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 48: pp. 72ff.

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q133876 entry



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