Biology:Cacteae
From HandWiki
Cacteae is a tribe of plants of the family Cactaceae found mainly in North America especially Mexico.[1] As of August 2018[update], the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insights from the molecular studies was produced by Nyffeler and Eggli in 2010.[2] The main threats to cactus species are poaching, farming, mining developments, and climate change.[3]
Description
The spherical to short columnar plants grow individually or in cushions. Their size varies from dwarf (Turbinicarpus) to huge (Ferocactus). The non-segmented shoot axis is ribbed (Echinocactus), warty (Coryphantha) or ribbed-warty. The size and shape of the warts ranges from long and leafy (Leuchtenbergia) to broad with flat axillae (Turbinicarpus). The areoles are usually oval, ribbon-like, grooved, or dimorphic. The small to medium-sized, regular to rarely bilaterally symmetrical flowers appear below the crown and open during the day. The fruits are fleshy to juicy berry-like, with a scaly to glabrous pericarp. They are bursting to non-bursting or simply crumbling. The small to large seeds vary in shape and surface structure of the seed coat.
Genera
The classification of cacti is in flux; the following list of genera is that from Nyffeler and Eggli (2010).[2] with species updated from Plants of the World Online.
| Image | Genus | Living species |
|---|---|---|
| 175px | Acharagma (N.P.Taylor) Zimmerman ex Glass |
|
| 175px | Ariocarpus Scheidw. |
|
| 175px | Astrophytum Lem. |
|
| 175px | Aztekium Boed. |
|
| 175px | Cochemiea (K.Brandegee) Walton[4] |
|
| 175px | Coryphantha (Engelm.) Lem. |
|
| 175px | Echinocactus Link & Otto |
|
| 175px | Epithelantha F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Ferocactus Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Geohintonia Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur. |
|
| 175px | Glandulicactus Backeb. |
|
| 175px | Homalocephala Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Kadenicarpus Doweld[5] |
|
| 175px | Kroenleinia Lodé |
|
| 175px | Leuchtenbergia Hook. |
|
| 175px | Lophophora J.M.Coult. |
|
| 175px | Mammillaria Haw. |
|
| 175px | Neolloydia Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Obregonia Fric |
|
| 175px | Ortegocactus Alexander |
|
| 175px | PediocactusBritton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Pelecyphora C.Ehrenb. |
|
| 175px | Rapicactus Buxb. & Oehme[5]) |
|
| 175px | Sclerocactus Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Stenocactus (K.Schum.) A.Berger |
|
| 175px | Strombocactus Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Thelocactus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Turbinicarpus (Backeb.) Buxb. & Backeb. |
|
The type genus is Mammillaria.
References
- ↑ Arthur C. Gibson; Park S. Nobel (11 October 1990). The Cactus Primer. Harvard University Press. p. 253. ISBN 9780674089914. https://books.google.com/books?id=B1NEgtRguQMC&pg=PA253.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nyffeler, R.; Eggli, U. (2010). "A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae". Schumannia 6: 109–149. doi:10.5167/uzh-43285.
- ↑ Breslin, Peter B.; Wojciechowski, Martin F.; Albuquerque, Fabio (December 2020). "Projected climate change threatens significant range contraction of Cochemiea halei (Cactaceae), an island endemic, serpentine-adapted plant species at risk of extinction" (in en). Ecology and Evolution 10 (23): 13211–13224. doi:10.1002/ece3.6914. ISSN 2045-7758. PMID 33304531.
- ↑ Breslin, Peter B.; Wojciechowski, Martin F.; Majure, Lucas C. (2021), "Molecular phylogeny of the Mammilloid clade (Cactaceae) resolves the monophyly of Mammillaria", Taxon 70 (2): 308–323, doi:10.1002/tax.12451
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Vázquez-sánchez, Monserrat; Sánchez, Daniel; Terrazas, Teresa; De La Rosa-Tilapa, Alejandro; Arias, Salvador (2019), "Polyphyly of the iconic cactus genus Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) and its generic circumscription", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (4): 405–420, doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boz027
Wikidata ☰ Q136359 entry
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