Biology:Cacteae
From HandWiki
Cacteae is a tribe of plants of the family Cactaceae found mainly in North America especially Mexico.[1] As of August 2018[update], the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insights from the molecular studies was produced by Nyffeler and Eggli in 2010.[2] The main threats to cactus species are poaching, farming, mining developments, and climate change.[3]
Description
The spherical to short columnar plants grow individually or in cushions. Their size varies from dwarf (Turbinicarpus) to huge (Ferocactus). The non-segmented shoot axis is ribbed (Echinocactus), warty (Coryphantha) or ribbed-warty. The size and shape of the warts ranges from long and leafy (Leuchtenbergia) to broad with flat axillae (Turbinicarpus). The areoles are usually oval, ribbon-like, grooved, or dimorphic. The small to medium-sized, regular to rarely bilaterally symmetrical flowers appear below the crown and open during the day. The fruits are fleshy to juicy berry-like, with a scaly to glabrous pericarp. They are bursting to non-bursting or simply crumbling. The small to large seeds vary in shape and surface structure of the seed coat.
Genera
The classification of cacti is in flux; the following list of genera is that from Nyffeler and Eggli (2010).[2] with species updated from Plants of the World Online.
| Image | Genus | Living species |
|---|---|---|
| 175px | Acharagma (N.P.Taylor) Zimmerman ex Glass |
|
| 175px | Ariocarpus Scheidw. |
|
| 175px | Astrophytum Lem. |
|
| 175px | Aztekium Boed. |
|
| 175px | Cochemiea (K.Brandegee) Walton[4] |
|
| 175px | Coryphantha (Engelm.) Lem. |
|
| 175px | Echinocactus Link & Otto |
|
| 175px | Epithelantha F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Ferocactus Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Geohintonia Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur. |
|
| 175px | Homalocephala Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Kadenicarpus Doweld[5] |
|
| 175px | Kroenleinia Lodé |
|
| 175px | Leuchtenbergia Hook. |
|
| 175px | Lophophora J.M.Coult. |
|
| 175px | Mammillaria Haw. |
|
| 175px | Neolloydia Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Obregonia Fric |
|
| 175px | Ortegocactus Alexander |
|
| 175px | PediocactusBritton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Pelecyphora C.Ehrenb. |
|
| 175px | Rapicactus Buxb. & Oehme[5]) |
|
| 175px | Sclerocactus Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Stenocactus (K.Schum.) A.Berger |
|
| 175px | Strombocactus Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Thelocactus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose |
|
| 175px | Turbinicarpus (Backeb.) Buxb. & Backeb. |
|
The type genus is Mammillaria.
References
- ↑ Arthur C. Gibson; Park S. Nobel (11 October 1990). The Cactus Primer. Harvard University Press. p. 253. ISBN 9780674089914. https://books.google.com/books?id=B1NEgtRguQMC&pg=PA253.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nyffeler, R.; Eggli, U. (2010). "A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae". Schumannia 6: 109–149. doi:10.5167/uzh-43285.
- ↑ Breslin, Peter B.; Wojciechowski, Martin F.; Albuquerque, Fabio (December 2020). "Projected climate change threatens significant range contraction of Cochemiea halei (Cactaceae), an island endemic, serpentine‐adapted plant species at risk of extinction" (in en). Ecology and Evolution 10 (23): 13211–13224. doi:10.1002/ece3.6914. ISSN 2045-7758. PMID 33304531. PMC 7713919. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.6914.
- ↑ Breslin, Peter B.; Wojciechowski, Martin F.; Majure, Lucas C. (2021), "Molecular phylogeny of the Mammilloid clade (Cactaceae) resolves the monophyly of Mammillaria", Taxon 70 (2): 308–323, doi:10.1002/tax.12451
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Vázquez-sánchez, Monserrat; Sánchez, Daniel; Terrazas, Teresa; De La Rosa-Tilapa, Alejandro; Arias, Salvador (2019), "Polyphyly of the iconic cactus genus Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) and its generic circumscription", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (4): 405–420, doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boz027
Wikidata ☰ Q136359 entry
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