Biology:Cutlassfish
From HandWiki
The cutlassfishes are about 45 species of predatory ray-finned fish in the family Trichiuridae of the order Scombriformes found in seas throughout the world. Fish of this family are long, slender, and generally steely blue or silver in colour, giving rise to their name. They have reduced or absent pelvic and caudal fins, giving them an eel-like appearance, and large fang-like teeth.[1]
Some of the species are known as scabbardfishes or hairtails; others are called frostfishes because they appear in late autumn and early winter, around the time of the first frosts.
The earliest known remains of cutlassfish are isolated teeth assigned to Eutrichiurides from the Early Paleocene of Morocco, the United States, and Angola,[2] although their affinities are subject to question. The earliest known body fossil of a cutlassfish is a specimen tentatively assigned to Anenchelum from the Early Eocene of Italy.[3]
Classification
This list of species follows FishBase:[4]
- Subfamily Aphanopidinae Gill, 1863
- †Genus Anenchelum (Early Eocene to Late Miocene)[5]
- Genus Aphanopus
- Aphanopus arigato Parin, 1994
- Aphanopus beckeri Parin, 1994
- Aphanopus capricornis Parin, 1994
- Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839 (Black scabbardfish)
- Aphanopus intermedius Parin, 1983 (Intermediate scabbardfish)
- Aphanopus microphthalmus Norman, 1939 (Smalleye scabbardfish)
- Aphanopus mikhailini Parin, 1983 (Mikhailin's scabbardfish)
- Genus Benthodesmus Goode & Bean, 1882
- Benthodesmus elongatus, Clarke, 1879 (Elongate frostfish)
- Benthodesmus macrophthalmus, Parin & Becker, 1970 (Bigeye frostfish)
- Benthodesmus neglectus, Parin, 1976 (Neglected frostfish)
- Benthodesmus oligoradiatus, Parin & Becker, 1970 (Sparse-rayed frostfish)
- Benthodesmus pacificus, Parin & Becker, 1970 (North Pacific frostfish)
- Benthodesmus papua, Parin, 1978 (Papuan frostfish)
- Benthodesmus simonyi, Steindachner, 1891 (Simony's frostfish)
- Benthodesmus suluensis, Parin, 1976 (Philippine frostfish)
- Benthodesmus tenuis, Günther, 1877 (Slender frostfish)
- Benthodesmus tuckeri, Parin & Becker, 1970 (Tucker's frostfish)
- Benthodesmus vityazi, Parin & Becker, 1970 (Vityaz' frostfish)
- Subfamily Lepidopodinae, Gill, 1863
- Genus Assurger
- Assurger anzac Alexander, 1917 (Razorback scabbardfish)
- Genus Eupleurogrammus
- Eupleurogrammus glossodon, (Bleeker, 1860) (Longtooth hairtail)
- Eupleurogrammus muticus, (Gray, 1831) (Smallhead hairtail)
- Genus Evoxymetopon
- Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus Chakraborty, Yoshino & Iwatsuki, 2006[6]
- Evoxymetopon moricheni Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2014[7]
- Evoxymetopon poeyi Günther, 1887 (Poey's scabbardfish)
- Evoxymetopon taeniatus Gill, 1863 (Channel scabbardfish)
- Genus Lepidopus
- Lepidopus altifrons, Parin & Collette, 1993 (Crested scabbardfish)
- Lepidopus calcar, Parin & Mikhailin, 1982 (Hawaiian ridge scabbardfish)
- Lepidopus caudatus, (Euphrasen, 1788) (Silver scabbardfish)
- Lepidopus dubius, Parin & Mikhailin, 1981 (Doubtful scabbardfish)
- Lepidopus fitchi , Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987 (Fitch's scabbardfish)
- Lepidopus manis, Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987 (Ghost scabbardfish)
- Genus †Musculopedunculus Parin & Astakhov, 2007 (Early Oligocene of Germany)[3]
- Genus Assurger
- Subfamily Trichiurinae Rafinesque, 1810
- Genus Demissolinea
- Demissolinea novaeguineensis, Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003 (New Guinean hairtail)
- Genus †Eutrichiurides (Eocene to Oligocene)[8]
- Genus Lepturacanthus
- Lepturacanthus pantului, (Gupta, 1966) (Coromandel hairtail)
- Lepturacanthus roelandti (Bleeker, 1860)
- Lepturacanthus savala, (Cuvier, 1829) (Savalani hairtail)
- Genus Tentoriceps
- Tentoriceps cristatus, (Klunzinger, 1884) (Crested hairtail)
- Genus †Trichiurides (Eocene)[8]
- Genus Trichiurus
- Trichiurus auriga, Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
- Trichiurus australis Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2005[9]
- Trichiurus brevis, Wang & You, 1992 (Chinese short-tailed hairtail)
- Trichiurus gangeticus, Gupta, 1966 (Ganges hairtail)
- Trichiurus lepturus, Linnaeus, 1758 (Largehead hairtail)
- Trichiurus margarites, Li, 1992
- Trichiurus nanhaiensis, Wang & Xu, 1992
- Trichiurus nickolensis, Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003 (Australian short-tailed hairtail)
- Trichiurus russelli, Dutt & Thankam, 1966 (Short-tailed hairtail)
- Genus Demissolinea
Timeline of genera
<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px
Period = from:-65.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify
Colors =
#legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)
BarData=
bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2
bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:eratop from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
PlotData=
align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:paleocene bar:NAM1 from: -65.5 till: -28.4 text: Eutrichiurides color:eocene bar:NAM2 from: -48.6 till: 0 text: Lepidopus
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
bar:period from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:era from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
</timeline>
References
- ↑ Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.. ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 190. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ↑ Cvancara, Alan M.; Hoganson, John W. (1993-03-18). "Vertebrates of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene) in North and South Dakota". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1080/02724634.1993.10011484. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1993.10011484.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Beckett, Hermione T.; Giles, Sam; Johanson, Zerina; Friedman, Matt (2018). "Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of fossil snake mackerels and cutlassfishes (Trichiuroidea) from the Eocene (Ypresian) London Clay Formation" (in en). Papers in Palaeontology 4 (4): 577–603. doi:10.1002/spp2.1221. ISSN 2056-2802. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1221.
- ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Trichiuridae" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
- ↑ Bannikov, A. F.; Parin, N. V. (1995). "Description of a New Species of Scabbardlish (Aphanopinae: Trichiuridae) from the Middle Eocene of the Northern Caucasus, with Restoration of the Validity of the Fossil Genus Anenchelum". Journal of Lchthyology 35 (9). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268219539.
- ↑ Chakraborty, Yoshino & Iwatsuki (2006). "A new species of scabbardfish, Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus (Scombroidei: Trichiuridae), from Okinawa, Japan". Ichthyological Research 53 (2): 137–142. doi:10.1007/s10228-005-0319-x.
- ↑ Fricke, R., Golani, D. & Appelbaum-Golani, B. (2014): Evoxymetopon moricheni, a new cutlassfish from the northern Red Sea (Teleostei: Trichiuridae). Ichthyological Research 61 (3): 293–297.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "PBDB Taxon". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=345201.
- ↑ Anirban Chakraborty; Andi Iqbal Burhanuddin; Yukio Iwatsuki (2005). "A new species, Trichiurus australis (Scombriformes: Trichiuridae), from Australia". Ichthyological Research 52 (2): 165–170. doi:10.1007/s10228-005-0268-4.
- Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q480817 entry
 |  |
