Biology:Cyclin T1
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Cyclin-T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNT1 gene.[1][2]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns that contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin tightly associates with CDK9 kinase, and was found to be a major subunit of the transcription elongation factor p-TEFb. The kinase complex containing this cyclin and the elongation factor can interact with, and act as a cofactor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein, and was shown to be both necessary and sufficient for full activation of viral transcription. This cyclin and its kinase partner were also found to be involved in the phosphorylation and regulation of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit.[3]
Interactions
Cyclin T1 has been shown to interact with the following:
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor[4]
- CDK9[2][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
- Granulin[6]
- HEXIM1[5]
- Myc[13]
- NUFIP1[7]
- Promyelocytic leukemia protein[14]
References
- ↑ "A novel CDK9-associated C-type cyclin interacts directly with HIV-1 Tat and mediates its high-affinity, loop-specific binding to TAR RNA". Cell 92 (4): 451–62. March 1998. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80939-3. PMID 9491887.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Identification of multiple cyclin subunits of human P-TEFb". Genes Dev. 12 (5): 755–62. April 1998. doi:10.1101/gad.12.5.755. PMID 9499409.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: CCNT1 cyclin T1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=904.
- ↑ "Interactions between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and P-TEFb. Sequential recruitment of transcription factors and differential phosphorylation of C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II at cyp1a1 promoter". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (45): 44041–8. November 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306443200. PMID 12917420.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "MAQ1 and 7SK RNA interact with CDK9/cyclin T complexes in a transcription-dependent manner". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (14): 4859–69. July 2003. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.14.4859-4869.2003. PMID 12832472.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "The growth factor granulin interacts with cyclin T1 and modulates P-TEFb-dependent transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (5): 1688–702. March 2003. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.5.1688-1702.2003. PMID 12588988.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "BRCA1 cooperates with NUFIP and P-TEFb to activate transcription by RNA polymerase II". Oncogene 23 (31): 5316–29. July 2004. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207684. PMID 15107825.
- ↑ "The human I-mfa domain-containing protein, HIC, interacts with cyclin T1 and modulates P-TEFb-dependent transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (18): 6373–84. September 2003. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.18.6373-6384.2003. PMID 12944466.
- ↑ "Interaction between cyclin T1 and SCF(SKP2) targets CDK9 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (23): 7956–70. December 2001. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.23.7956-7970.2001. PMID 11689688.
- ↑ "Physical interaction between CDK9 and B-Myb results in suppression of B-Myb gene autoregulation". Oncogene 19 (3): 373–9. January 2000. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203305. PMID 10656684.
- ↑ "Cyclin K functions as a CDK9 regulatory subunit and participates in RNA polymerase II transcription". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (49): 34527–30. December 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.49.34527. PMID 10574912.
- ↑ "CDK9 autophosphorylation regulates high-affinity binding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat-P-TEFb complex to TAR RNA". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (18): 6958–69. September 2000. doi:10.1128/mcb.20.18.6958-6969.2000. PMID 10958691.
- ↑ "c-Myc recruits P-TEFb for transcription, cellular proliferation and apoptosis". Oncogene 22 (36): 5707–11. August 2003. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206800. PMID 12944920.
- ↑ "Recruitment of human cyclin T1 to nuclear bodies through direct interaction with the PML protein". EMBO J. 22 (9): 2156–66. May 2003. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg205. PMID 12727882.
Further reading
- "Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription". J. Biomed. Sci. 5 (1): 24–7. 1998. doi:10.1007/BF02253352. PMID 9570510.
- "Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation". Curr. Biol. 8 (13): R447-9. 1998. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70289-1. PMID 9651670.
- "Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression". J. Cell. Biochem. 75 (3): 357–68. 1999. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991201)75:3<357::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID 10536359.
- "The level of HIV infection of macrophages is determined by interaction of viral and host cell genotypes". J. Leukoc. Biol. 68 (3): 311–7. 2000. doi:10.1189/jlb.68.3.311. PMID 10985245.
- "Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the HIV-1 Tat transactivator". IUBMB Life 51 (3): 175–81. 2001. doi:10.1080/152165401753544241. PMID 11547919.
- "Multiple effects of HIV-1 trans-activator protein on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection". Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 34 (1): 57–66. 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01282.x. PMID 14984439.
- "Regulation of TAK/P-TEFb in CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages". Curr. HIV Res. 1 (4): 395–404. 2003. doi:10.2174/1570162033485159. PMID 15049426.
- "Multiple actions of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein on microglial cell functions". Neurochem. Res. 29 (5): 965–78. 2004. doi:10.1023/B:NERE.0000021241.90133.89. PMID 15139295.
- "Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1". DNA Cell Biol. 23 (4): 193–205. 2004. doi:10.1089/104454904773819789. PMID 15142377. https://zenodo.org/record/1235217.
- "HIV-1 infection and regulation of Tat function in macrophages". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 36 (9): 1767–75. 2004. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.018. PMID 15183343.
- "A review of HIV-1 Tat protein biological effects". Cell Biochem. Funct. 23 (4): 223–7. 2005. doi:10.1002/cbf.1147. PMID 15473004.
- "HIV-1 TAR RNA: the target of molecular interactions between the virus and its host". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 61–71. 2005. doi:10.2174/1570162052772924. PMID 15638724.
- "HIV-1 tat protein and cell proliferation and survival: a brief review". New Microbiol. 28 (2): 95–109. 2005. PMID 16035254.
- "The multiple functions of HIV-1 Tat: proliferation versus apoptosis". Front. Biosci. 11: 708–717. 2006. doi:10.2741/1829. PMID 16146763. http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/51ff/1d7d11a9a0d32cfe24472acd508707bd43f1.pdf.
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