Biology:List of Ediacaran genera

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Short description: A list of all currently known and described Ediacaran genera

This is a list of all described Ediacaran genera, including the Ediacaran biota. It contains 227 genera.

Name Authors Year Taxonomy Validity Notes Country
Affinovendia[1] Sokolov 1984 reinterpretated as trace fossil Treptichnus lublinensis and Cambrian in age  Russia
Albumares[2][3] Fedonkin 1976 Trilobozoa  Russia
Amorphia[4] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Anabylia[5] Vodanjuk 1989 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Andiva[6] Fedonkin 2002 Proarticulata  Russia
Anfesta[7] Fedonkin 1984 Trilobozoa  Russia
Annulatubus[8] Calla A. Carbone et al. 2015  Canada
Annulusichnus[9] Zhang 1986 junior synonym of Gaojiashania, tubular fossil  China
Arborea[10] Glaessner et Wade 1966 Was considered a junior synonym of Charniodiscus, now thought to be a colonial Eumetazoan unrelated to Rangeomorphs[11]  Australia
Archaeaspinus[12] Ivantsov 2007 Proarticulata  Russia
Archaeichnium[13] Glaessner 1963 tubular conical fossil  Namibia
Archangelia[3][14] Fedonkin 1979 Bilaterally symmetric organism with ovoid shape, and midline axial zone. Junior synonym of Onegia nenoxa (according to Grazhdankin, Ph.D. ms.).[15][16]  Russia
Arkarua[17] Gehling 1987  Australia
Armillifera[3][18] Fedonkin 1980 Proarticulata  Russia
Arumberia[19] Glaessner et Walter 1975  Australia
Askinica[20] Bekker 1996 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Aspidella[21][22] Billings 1872 biradial discoid fossil  Canada
Astra[4] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Atakia[23] Palij 1979  Ukraine
Attenborites[24] Droser et al. 2018  Australia
Auroralumina[25] Dunn et al. 2022  United Kingdom
Ausia[26] Hahn et Pflug 1985  Namibia
Avalofractus[27] Narbonne, Laflamme, Greentree et Trusler 2009  Canada
Aviculaichnus[28] Grytsenko 2009 junior synonym of Nenoxites  Ukraine
Baikalina[29][30] Sokolov 1972 junior synonym of Ernietta  Russia
Barmia[20] Bekker 1996 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Beltanella[31] Sprigg 1947 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Beltanelliformis[32] Menner 1974 cyanobacterial colony discoid fossil  Russia
Beltanelloides[29][30] Sokolov 1972 nomen nudum, synonym of Beltanelliformis  Russia
Beothukis[33] Brasier et Antcliffe 2009  Canada
Bernashevia[4] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Bessarabia[34] Gureev 1988 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Bilinichnus[14] Fedonkin et Palij 1979 Trace fossil trace fossil or pseudofossil  Russia
Blackbrookia[35] Boynton et Ford 1995 rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure  UK
Bomakellia[36] Fedonkin 1985 possible junior synonym of Rangea  Russia
Bonata[18][37] Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Brachina[38] Wade 1972  Australia
Bradgatia[35] Boynton et Ford 1995  UK
Bronicella[39] Zaika-Novatsky 1965 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Buchholzbrunnichnus[40] Germs 1973  Namibia
Bunyerichnus[41] Glaessner 1969 pseudofossil[42]  Australia
Burykhia[43] Fedonkin, Vickers-Rich, Swalla, Trusler et Hall 2012  Russia
Calyptrina[44] Sokolov 1965 tubular fossil  Russia
Catellichnus[45] Bekker 1989 palaeopascichnid  Russia
Catenasphaerophyton[46] Yan et al. 1992 palaeopascichnid  China
Charnia[47] Ford 1958  UK
Charniodiscus[47] Ford 1958  UK
Chondroplon[48] Wade 1971 probably a junior synonym of Dickinsonia  Australia
Cloudina[49] Germs 1972 tubular fossil  Namibia
Cocardia[4] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Conomedusites[10] Glaessner et Wade 1966  Australia
Conotubus[9][50] Zhang et Lin 1986 tubular fossil  China
Coronacollina[51] Clites, Droser et Gehling 2012 Sponge (?)  Australia
Corumbella[52] Hahn, Hahn, Leonardos, Pflug et Walde 1982 tubular fossil  Brazil
Costatubus[53] Selly et al. 2020 tubular fossil  USA
Cyanorus[54] Ivantsov 2004  Russia
Cyclomedusa[31] Sprigg 1947 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Dactyloichnus[4] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Dickinsonia[31] Sprigg 1947  Australia
Ediacaria[31] Sprigg 1947 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Elainabella[55] Stephen M. Rowland and Margarita G. Rodriguez 2014 Protoctista multicellular alga  USA
Elasenia[56] Fedonkin 1983  Ukraine
Eoandromeda[57] Tang, Yin, Bengtson, Liu, Wang et Gao 2008 Ctenophora  China
Eocyathispongia[58] Zongjun Yin et al. 2015 Porifera small 3 chambered sponge  China
Eoporpita[38] Wade 1972  Australia
Epibaion[59] Ivantsov 2002 Trace fossil grazing traces of Proarticulata  Russia
Ernietta[60][61] Pflug 1966  Namibia
Evmiaksia[7] Fedonkin 1984 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Fedomia[62] Serezhnikova et Ivantsov 2007 Sponge (?)  Russia
Flavostratum[63] Serezhnikova 2013  Russia
Fractofusus[64][65] Gehling et Narbonne 2007  Canada
Frondophyllas Bamforth et Narbonne 2009  Canada
Funisia[66] Droser et Gehling 2008 tubular fossil  Australia
Finkoella[67] Andrej Martyshyn 2021 F. ucrainica is a Pseudofossil, however F. oblonga is of microbial origin  Ukraine
Ganarake[68] Retallack 2022 Lichen? First interpreted as tubestones, now thought to be earliest preserved remains of a Lichen  USA
Gaojiashania[9][69] Yang, Zhang et Lin 1986 tubular fossil  China
Garania[20] Bekker 1996 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Gehlingia[70] McMenamin 1998  Australia
Gibbavasis[71] Vaziri, Majidifard et Laflamme 2018 Small, oval-shaped form similar to Ausia fenestrata  Iran
Gigarimaneta[72] Taylor et al. 2021  Canada
Glaessnerina[73] Germs 1973 junior synonym of Charnia  Australia
Gureevella Menasova 2006  Ukraine
Hadrynichorde Hofmann, O'Brien, et King 2008  Canada
Hagenetta[74] Hahn et Pflug 1988 junior synonym of Beltanelliformis  Namibia
Hallidaya Wade 1969  Australia
Haootia Liu et al. 2014 Cnidaria  Canada
Harlaniella[29][30][75] Sokolov 1972 Vendotaenid tubular fossil  Ukraine
Hapsidophyllas Bamforth et Narbonne 2009  Canada
Hiemalora[76] Fedonkin 1982  Russia
Horodyskia[77] Yochelson & Fedonkin 2000  Russia
Hylaecullulus[78] Kenchington, Dunn & Wilby 2018 Multifoliate Petalonamid similar to Primocandelabrum and Bradgatia.  UK
Ichnusa Debrenne et Naud 1981 Cnidarian  Italy
Ikaria Evans et al. 2020 stem-bilateran  Australia
Inaria Gehling 1987  Australia
Inkrylovia Fedonkin 1979 junior synonym of Onegia  Russia
Intrites[18] Fedonkin 1980 palaeopascichnid  Russia
Irridinitus[56] Fedonkin 1983 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Ivesheadia[35] Boynton et Ford 1995 rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure  UK
Ivovicia[12] Ivantsov 2007 Proarticulata  Russia
Jampolium[34] Gureev 1988 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Kaisalia[7] Fedonkin 1984 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Karakhtia[79] Ivantsov 2004 Proarticulata  Russia
Keretsa[80] Ivantsov 2017  Russia
Khatyspytia[36] Fedonkin 1985  Russia
Kimberella[10][38][81][82] Glaessner & Wade 1966  Australia
Kimberichnus[83] Ivantsov 2013 Trace fossil grazing traces of Kimberella  Russia
Komarovia[4] Grytsenko 2016 Not to be confused with Komarovia, extant genus of flowering plant.  Ukraine
Kuibisia[26] Hahn et Pflug 1985  Namibia
Kuckaraukia[84] Razumovskiy, Ivantsov, Novikov et Korochantsev 2015  Russia
Lamonte [85] Meyer, Xiao, Gill, Schiffbauer, Chen, Zhou et Yuan 2014 Trace fossil  China
Lomoziella[4] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Lomosovis[56] Fedonkin 1983  Ukraine
Lorenzinites[10] Glaessner et Wade 1966 junior synonym of Rugoconites  Australia
Lossinia [12] Ivantsov 2007 Proarticulata  Russia
Madigania[86] Sprigg 1949 not Madigania (Whitley, 1945), replaced by the Spriggia  Australia
Margaritiflabellum Ivantsov 2014  Russia
Marywadea[87] Glaessner 1976 Proarticulata  Australia
Mawsonites[10] Glaessner et Wade 1966  Australia
Medusina[86] Sprigg 1949 not Medusina (Walcott, 1898), replaced by the Medusinites  Australia
Medusinites[10] Glaessner et Wade 1966 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Medvezichnus[36] Fedonkin 1985 Trace fossil unique specimen of doubtful nature  Russia
Mezenia[88][89] Sokolov 1976  Russia
Mialsemia[36] Fedonkin 1985 junior synonym of Bomakellia (or Rangea)  Russia
Nadalina Narbonne et Hofmann 1987 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Canada
Namacalathus[90] Grotzinger, Watters, et Knoll 2000  Namibia
Namalia Germs 1968  Namibia
Namamedusium Zessin 2008 junior synonym of Beltanelliformis  Namibia
Namapoikia Wood, Grotzinger et Dickson 2002  Namibia
Nasepia[73] Germs 1973  Namibia
Nemiana Palij 1976 junior synonym of Beltanelliformis  Ukraine
Nenoxites Fedonkin 1976  Russia
Nilpenia[91] Droser et al. 2014  Australia
Nimbia[18] Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Noffkarkys[92] Retallack and Broz 2020  Australia
Obamus Dzaugis, Evans, Droser, Gehling et Hughes 2018  Australia
Olgerdina[4] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Onega[2] Fedonkin 1976 Proarticulata  Russia
Onegia[88] Sokolov 1976  Russia
Orbisiana[88] Sokolov 1976 palaeopascichnid  Russia
Orthogonium[93][94][95] Gürich 1930  Namibia
Ovatoscutum[10] Glaessner et Wade 1966 Proarticulata  Australia
Palaeopascichnus[96] Palij 1976 palaeopascichnid  Ukraine
Palaeophragmodictya[97] Gehling et Rigby 1996  Australia
Palaeospinther[98] Menasova 2003  Ukraine
Palaeoplatoda[99] Fedonkin 1979  Russia
Paliella[18] Fedonkin 1980 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Pambikalbae Jenkins et Nedin 2007  Australia
Papillionata[31] Sprigg 1947 Proarticulata junior synonym of Dickinsonia  Australia
Paracharnia Sun 1986  China
Paramedusium[93][94][95] Gürich 1933 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Namibia
Paravendia[54] Ivantsov 2004 Proarticulata  Russia
Parvancorina[100] Glaessner 1958  Australia
Parviscopa Hofmann, O'Brien et King 2008  Canada
Pectinifrons[101] Bamforth, Narbonne et Anderson 2008  Canada
Persimedusites Hahn et Pflug 1980  Iran
Petalostoma Pflug 1973 rejected as valid taxon  Namibia
Phyllozoon Jenkins et Gehlig 1978 Proarticulata  Australia
Planomedusites[30] Sokolov 1972 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Platypholinia[36] Fedonkin 1985  Russia
Plexus[102] Joel, Droser & Gehling 2014 Bilateria Although more studies are needed, it has been identified as bilaterian.  Australia
Podolimirus[56] Fedonkin 1983 Proarticulata  Ukraine
Podoliina Gureev 1988 junior synonym of Nenoxites  Ukraine
Pollukia Gureev 1987 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Pomoria Fedonkin 1980 junior synonym of Tribrachidium  Russia
Praecambridium[10] Glaessner et Wade 1966 Proarticulata  Australia
Primocandelabrum Hofmann, O'Brien et King 2008  Canada
Propalaeolina Menasova 2006 tubular fossil  Ukraine
Protechiurus[103] Glaessner 1979  Namibia
Protodipleurosoma[86] Sprigg 1949 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Protoniobea[86] Sprigg 1949 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Pseudohiemaloraichnus Grytsenko 2009 junior synonym of Nenoxites  Ukraine
Pseudorhizostomites[86] Sprigg 1949 problematic biogenic structure  Australia
Pseudorhopilema[86] Sprigg 1949 junior synonym of Pseudorhizostomites  Australia
Pseudovendia[104] Boynton et Ford 1979 rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structures  UK
Pteridinium[93] Gürich 1933  Namibia
Ramellina[18] Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Rangea[93][94][95] Gürich 1929  Namibia
Redkinia Sokolov 1977  Russia
Rugoconites[10] Glaessner et Wade 1966  Australia
Saarina Sokolov 1965 tubular fossil  Russia
Seirisphaera Chen, Xiao et Yuan 1996 palaeopascichnid Junior synonym of Orbisiana  China
Sekwia Hofmann 1981 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Canada
Sekwitubulus[8] Calla A. Carbone et al. 2015 tubular fossil  Canada
Serebrina Istchenko 1983  Ukraine
Shaanxilithes Xing, Yue et Zhang 1984 junior synonym of Nenoxites  China
Shepshedia[35] Boynton et Ford 1995 rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure  UK
Sinotubulites Chen, Chen et Qian 1981 tubular fossil  China
Skinnera Wade 1969 Trilobozoa  Australia
Skolithos declinatus[36] Fedonkin 1985 Trace fossil  Russia
Solza[79] Ivantsov 2004  Russia
Somatohelix[105] Sappenfield, Droser et Gehling 2011 tubular fossil  Australia
Spriggia[106] Southcott 1958 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Spriggina[100] Glaessner 1958 Proarticulata  Australia
Staurinidia[36] Fedonkin 1985  Russia
Stellaria[4] Grytsenko 2016 Not to be confused with Stellaria, extant genus of flowering plant.  Ukraine
Streptichnus[107] Jensen et Runnegar 2005 Vendotaenid[108] or Trace fossil  Namibia
Studenicia[109] Gureev 1983 putative Monocraterion trace fossil  Ukraine
Suzmites Fedonkin 1981 junior synonym of Onegia[citation needed]  Russia
Swartpuntia[110] Narbonne, Saylor et Grotzinger 1997  Namibia
Tamga [12] Ivantsov 2007 Proarticulata  Russia
Tateana[86] Sprigg 1949 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Temnoxa molluscula[79] Ivantsov 2004  Russia
Thectardis[111] Clapham, Narbonne, Gehling, Greentree et Anderson 2004 Sponge (?)  Canada
Tirasiana[3] Palij 1976 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Trepassia[27] Narbonne, Laflamme, Greentree et Trusler 2009  Canada
Tribrachidium[112] Glaessner 1959 Trilobozoa  Australia
Triforillonia[113] Gehling, Narbonne et Anderson 2000 Deformed aspidella  Canada
Vaizitsinia Sokolov et Fedonkin 1981 junior synonym of Rangea  Russia
Valdainia[56] Fedonkin 1983 Proarticulata  Ukraine
Vaveliksia[56] Fedonkin 1983 Sponge (?)  Ukraine
Velancorina[60] Pflug 1966  Namibia
Vendella[114] Gureev 1987 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Vendia Keller 1969 Proarticulata  Russia
Vendichnus Fedonkin 1979 possible pseudofossil  Russia
Vendoconularia[115] Ivantsov et Fedonkin 2002 Conulata  Russia
Vendoglossa Seilacher 2007 junior synonym of Protechiurus[116]  Namibia
Vendomia[2] Keller 1976 Proarticulata junior synonym of Dickinsonia  Russia
Vendomyces[117] M. B. Burzin 1993 Chytridiomycetes  Russia
Vendotaenia Gnilovskaya 1971 Vendotaenid tubular fossil  Russia
Ventogyrus Ivantsov et Grazhdankin 1997  Russia
Veprina[18] Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Vernanimalcula Chen J. Y 2004  China
Vimenites Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Vinlandia[118] Brasier, Antcliffe et Liu 2012  Canada
Virgatia[4] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Vladimissa[36] Fedonkin 1985  Russia
Wigwamiella Runnegar 1991 discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters. Regarded as a taphomorph of Aspidella or junior synonym for Pseudorhizostomites[119]  Australia
Windermeria[120] Narbonne 1994  Canada
Wutubus[121] Chen, Zhou, Xiao, Wang, Guan, Hong et Yuan 2014 tubular fossil  China
Yangtziramulus[122] Shen, Xiao, Zhou et Yuan 2009  China
Yarnemia[123] Nesov in Chistyakov et al. 1984  Russia
Yelovichnus[36] Fedonkin 1985 palaeopascichnid junior synonym of Palaeopascichnus  Russia
Yorgia[124] Ivantsov 1999 Proarticulata  Russia
Yuria[4] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Zirabagtaria[125] Mcmenamin 2018 "solzid kimberellomorph"  Mexico
Zolotytsia[3] Fedonkin 1981  Russia

References

  1. ↑ Sokolov, B. S.; Fedonkin, M. A. (1984). "The Vendian as the terminal system of the Proterozoic. Episodes". Episodes 7 (1): 12–19. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1984/v7i1/004. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Keller, B. M.; Fedonkin, M. A. (1976). "New Records of Fossils in the Valdaian Group of the Precambrian on the Syuz'ma River" (in ru). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSR. Seriya Geologicheskaya 3: 38–44. http://vend.paleo.ru/pub/Keller_Fedonkin_1976.pdf. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Fedonkin, M. A. (1981). "Беломорская Биота Венда (докембрийская бесскелетная фауна севера Русской платформы):: Тр. ГИН АН СССР; Вып. 342" (in ru). Proceedings of the Geological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Moscow: Nauka) 342: 100. http://www.ginras.ru/library/pdf/342_1981_fedonkin_vendian_white_sea.pdf. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Grytsenko, V. (2016). "A New Discovery of Metazoa Imprints and Ichnofossils in the Vendian Mohyliv Suite from the Bernashivka Quarry". Proceedings of the National Museum of Natural History (Kiev, Ukraine) 2016 (14): 23–34. doi:10.15407/vnm.2016.14.023. ISSN 2219-7516. http://museumkiev.org/public/visnyk/14_2016/VNM1404-grytsenko.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Vodanjuk, S.A. (1989). "Остатки бесскелетных метазоа из хатыспытской свиты Оленекского поднятия". in Sovetov Yu.K., Khomentovsky V.V. (in ru). Поздний докембрий и ранний палеозой Сибири. Актуальные вопросы стратиграфии. Novosibirsk: IGiG SO AN SSSR. pp. 61–75. http://www.geokniga.org/bookfiles/geokniga-pozdniy-dokembriy-i-ranniy-paleozoy-sibiri-aktualnye-voprosy-stratigrafii.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Fedonkin, M. A. (2002). "Andiva ivantsovi gen. et sp. n. and related carapace-bearing Ediacaran fossils from the Vendian of the Winter Coast, White Sea, Russia". Italian Journal of Zoology 69 (2): 175–181. doi:10.1080/11250000209356456. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Fedonkin, M. A. (1984). "Promorphology of the Vendian Radialia" (in ru). Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Earliest Phanerozoic. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 30–58. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Calla A. Carbone; Guy M. Narbonne; Francis A. Macdonald; Thomas H. Boag (2015). "New Ediacaran fossils from the uppermost Blueflower Formation, northwest Canada: disentangling biostratigraphy and paleoecology". Journal of Paleontology 89 (2): 281–291. doi:10.1017/jpa.2014.25. Bibcode: 2015JPal...89..281C. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Zhang, L. (1986). "A discovery and preliminary study of the late stage of late Gaojiashan biota from Sinian in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi". Bulletin of the Xi'an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 13: 67–88. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-XBFK198613006.htm. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Glaessner, M.F.; Wade, M. (1966). "The late Precambrian fossils from Ediacara, South Australia". Palaeontology 9 (4): 599–628. http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%209/Pages%20599-628.pdf. 
  11. ↑ Dunn, Frances S.; Liu, Alexander G.; Gehling, James G. (2019-05-17). "Anatomical and ontogenetic reassessment of the Ediacaran frond Arborea arborea and its placement within total group Eumetazoa". Palaeontology 62 (5): 851–865. doi:10.1111/pala.12431. ISSN 0031-0239. Bibcode: 2019Palgy..62..851D. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Ivantsov, A. Yu. (2007). "Small Vendian transversely Articulated fossils". Paleontological Journal 41 (2): 113–122. doi:10.1134/S0031030107020013. https://www.academia.edu/2352394. 
  13. ↑ Glaessner, M. F. (1963). "Zur Kenntnis der Nama-Fossilien Südwest-Afrikas". Naturhistorisches Museum Wien Bd. 66 (1962): 113–120. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/ANNA_66_0113-0120.pdf. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Paliy, V. M., Posti, E. & Fedonkin, M. A. (1979). "Мягкотелые метазоа и ископаемые следы животных венда и раннего кембрия: In Палеонтология верхнедокембрийских и кембрийских отложений Восточно-Европейской платформы" (in ru). БЕЛОМОРСКАЯ БИОТА ВЕЙДА (Moscow: Nauka): 49–82. http://www.ginras.ru/library/pdf/342_1981_fedonkin_vendian_white_sea.pdf. 
  15. ↑ Grazhdankin, D. (2004). "Patterns of distribution in the Ediacaran biotas: facies versus biogeography and evolution". Paleobiology 30 (2): 203–221. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0203:PODITE>2.0.CO;2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228858562. 
  16. ↑ Shen, B. (2007). Contributions to the Neoproterozoic Geobiology (PDF) (Ph.D.). Virginia Tech. S2CID 131699809. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-13.
  17. ↑ Gehling, J. G. (1987). "Earliest known echinoderm — a new Ediacaran fossil from the Pound Subgroup of South Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 11 (4): 337–345. doi:10.1080/03115518708619143. Bibcode: 1987Alch...11..337G. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 Fedonkin, M. A. (1980). "Новые представители докембрийских кишечнополостных на севере Русской платформы" (in ru). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 2: 183–192. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288953252. 
  19. ↑ Glaessner, M. F.; Walter, M. R. (1975). "New Precambrian fossils from the Arumbera Sandstone, Northern Territory, Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 1 (1): 59–69. doi:10.1080/03115517508619480. Bibcode: 1975Alch....1...59G. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Bekker, Yu. R. (1996). "Discovery of the Ediacaran biota in the roof of the Vendian of the southern Ural Mountains. In Regional'naya geologiya i metallogeniya". Regional Geology and Metallogeny 4: 111–131. 
  21. ↑ Billings, E. (1872). "On some fossils from the primordial rocks of Newfoundland". The Canadian Naturalist. 2nd Series 6 (4): 465–479. 
  22. ↑ Gehling, James G., Narbonne, Guy M. & Anderson, Michael M. (2003). "The first named Ediacaran body fossil, Aspidella terranovica". Palaeontology 43 (3): 427–456. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00134.x. 
  23. ↑ Paliy, V.M. (1979). "Remains of soft-bodied fauna and trace fossils of the Upper Precambrian and Lower Cambrian deposits from Podolia." (in ru). Paleontologiya i stratigrafiya verkhnego dokembriya i nizhnego paleozoya yugo-zapada Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platformy (Kiev: Naukova Dumka): 63–76. 
  24. ↑ Evans, S. D.; Dzaugis, P. W.; Droser, M. L.; Gehling, J. G. (2020). "You can get anything you want from Alice's Restaurant Bed: Exceptional preservation and an unusual fossil assemblage from a newly excavated bed (Ediacara Member, Nilpena, South Australia)". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 67 (6): 873–883. doi:10.1080/08120099.2018.1470110. Bibcode: 2020AuJES..67..873E. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08120099.2018.1470110. 
  25. ↑ F. S. Dunn; C. G. Kenchington; L. A. Parry; J. W. Clark; R. S. Kendall; P. R. Wilby (25 July 2022). A crown-group cnidarian from the Ediacaran of Charnwood Forest, UK. Nature, Ecology and Evolution. doi:10.5285/4c2f9f34-184d-43db-97e0-eecb13918375. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-022-01807-x. Retrieved 25 July 2022. 
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  110. ↑ Narbonne, G.M.; Saylor, B.Z.; Grotzinger, J.P. (1997). "The Youngest Ediacaran Fossils from Southern Africa". Journal of Paleontology 71 (6): 953–967. doi:10.1017/S0022336000035940. PMID 11541433. Bibcode: 1997JPal...71..953N. 
  111. ↑ Clapham, M.E.; Narbonne, G.M.; Gehling, J.G.; Greentree, C.; Anderson, M.M. (2004). "Thectardis avalonensis: A New Ediacaran Fossil from the Mistaken Point Biota, Newfoundland". Journal of Paleontology 78 (6): 1031–1036. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<1031:TAANEF>2.0.CO;2. http://geol.queensu.ca/people/narbonne/ClaphamNarbonneGehlingGreentreeAnderson_JPaleontology_2004.pdf. 
  112. ↑ Glaessner, M.F.; Daily, B. (1959). "The geology and Late Precambrian fauna of the Ediacara fossil reserve". Records of the South Australian Museum 13 (3): 369–401. http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/Journals/RSAM/RSAM_v013/rsam_v013_p369p402.pdf. 
  113. ↑ Gehling, J. G.; Narbonne, G. M.; Anderson M. M. (2000). "The first named Ediacaran body fossil, Aspidella terranovica". Palaeontology 43 (3): 427–456. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00134.x. Bibcode: 2000Palgy..43..427G. 
  114. ↑ Gureev, Yu. A. (1987) (in ru). Морфологический анализ и систематика вендиат. Kiev: IGN AN USSR. pp. 54. 
  115. ↑ Ivantsov, A. Y.; Fedonkin, M. A. (2002). "Conulariid-like fossil from the Vendian of Russia: a metazoan clade across the Proterozoic/Palaeozoic boundary". Palaeontology 45 (6): 1119–1129. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00283. Bibcode: 2002Palgy..45.1219I. 
  116. ↑ Ivantsov, A.Yu.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Zakrevskaya, M.A.; Hall, M. (2019). "Conical Thecae of Precambrian Macroorganisms" (Free full text). Paleontological Journal 53 (11): 1134–1146. doi:10.1134/S0031030119110054. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339600498. 
  117. ↑ Butterfield, N. J. (2005). "Probable Proterozoic fungi". Paleobiology 31 (1): 165–182. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031<0165:PPF>2.0.CO;2. http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-abstract. 
  118. ↑ Brasier, M.D.; Antcliffe, J.B.; Liu, A.G. (2012). "The architecture of Ediacaran Fronds". Palaeontology 55 (5): 503–523. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01164.x. Bibcode: 2012Palgy..55.1105B. https://www.academia.edu/2040160. 
  119. ↑ Droser, Mary L.; Tarhan, Lidya G.; Evans, Scott D.; Surprenant, Rachel L.; Gehling, James G. (6 August 2020). "Biostratinomy of the Ediacara Member (Rawnsley Quartzite, South Australia): implications for depositional environments, ecology and biology of Ediacara organisms". Interface Focus 10 (4): 20190100. doi:10.1098/rsfs.2019.0100. PMID 32642047. 
  120. ↑ Narbonne, G. M. (1994). "New Ediacaran fossils from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada". Journal of Paleontology 63 (3): 411–416. doi:10.1017/S0022336000025816. Bibcode: 1994JPal...68..411N. 
  121. ↑ Zhe Chen; Chuanming Zhou; Shuhai Xiao; Wei Wang; Chengguo Guan; Hong Hua; Xunlai Yuan (2014). "New Ediacara fossils preserved in marine limestone and their ecological implications". Scientific Reports 4: Article number 4180. doi:10.1038/srep04180. PMID 24566959. Bibcode: 2014NatSR...4E4180C. 
  122. ↑ Shen, B., Xiao, S., Chuanming, Z. and Yuan, X. (2009). "Yangtziramulus zhangi New Genus and Species, a Carbonate-Hosted Macrofossil from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges Area, South China". Journal of Paleontology 83 (4): 575–587. doi:10.1666/08-042R1.1. Bibcode: 2009JPal...83..575S. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250071057. 
  123. ↑ Chistyakov, V.G., Kalmykova, N.A., Nesov, L.A., and Suslov, G.A. (1984). "О наличии вендских отложений в среднем течении р. Онеги и возможном существовании оболочечников (Tunicata: Chordata) в докембрии" (in ru). Vest. Leningrad. Gos. Univ. (LGU) 6: 11–19. http://vend.paleo.ru/pub/Chistyakov_et_al_1984.pdf. 
  124. ↑ Ivantsov, A.Y. (1999). "A New Dickinsonid from the Upper Vendian of the White Sea Winter Coast (Russia, Arkhangelsk Region)". Paleontological Journal 33 (3): 233–241. https://www.academia.edu/2604893. 
  125. ↑ McMenamin, Mark A. S. (2018). "Clemente Biota". Deep Time Analysis. Springer Geology. pp. 61–102. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74256-4_3. ISBN 978-3-319-74255-7. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-74256-4_3. 



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