Biology:Massilia (bacterium)

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Short description: Genus of bacteria
Violacein-producing Massilia growing on a petri plate

Massilia
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Pseudomonadota
Class:
Betaproteobacteria
Order:
Burkholderiales
Family:
Oxalobacteraceae
Genus:
Massilia

La Scola et al. 2000
Species

Massilia aerilata
Massilia albidiflava
Massilia alkalitolerans
Massilia aurea
Massilia arvi[1]
Massilia brevitalea
Massilia consociata
Massilia dura
Massilia eurypsychrophila[1]
Massilia haematophila
Massilia jejuensis
Massilia kyonggiensis
Massilia lurida
Massilia lutea
Massilia niabensis
Massilia niastensis
Massilia norwichensis[1]
Massilia oculi
Massilia plicata
Massilia putida
Massilia soli
Massilia suwonensis
Massilia tieshanensis
Massilia umbonata[1]
Massilia cf. timonae
Massilia timonae
Massilia varians
Massilia yuzhufengensis

The genus Massilia belongs to the family Oxalobacteriaceae, and describes a group of gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped cells. They may contain either peritrichous or polar flagella.[2][3][4] This genus was first described in 1998, after the type species, Massilia timonae, was isolated from the blood of an immunocompromised patient.[4] The genus was named after the old Greek and Roman name for the city of Marseille, France, where the organism was first isolated.[4] The Massilia genus is a diverse group that resides in many different environments, has many heterotrophic means of gathering energy, and is commonly found in association with plants.

Culture of Massilia

Isolation of Massilia sp. commonly occurs on Reasoner's 2A (R2A) agar.[3][5] Colonies are often shades of white, yellow, or orange,[6][3] but may be blue-purple if producing the compound violacein.[5] As of 2022, 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic trees place the Massilia genus within a polyphyletic group of the Oxalobacteriaceae, alongside other genera including Duganella, Pseudoduganella, Janthinobacterium, and Rugamonas.[6]

Habitats

Massilia sp. are environmental organisms that are commonly associated with plants. They have been isolated from the soil,[2] flowers,[6] seeds,[7] and roots of many species of plants.[3] They are generally psychrophilic or mesophilic, preferring cool to moderate temperatures,[5] and they are generally either strict aerobes or microaerophiles.[6][5] Massilia are proficient at surface colonization, including the seed coat, emerging radicles, roots, and even the hyphae of Pythium.[8]

Massilia have been isolated from other, sometimes extreme, environments as well, including the Sahara Desert,[9] freshwater,[5] glaciers, rocks, and air samples.[5] Manganese-oxidizing Massilia have been isolated.[10] In rare cases, some Massilia sp. have caused infections in humans.[11] However, doctors presume that these infections were likely opportunistic, as Massilia sp. are generally considered environmental organisms, rather than animal-associated.[11]

Metabolism

Complex polymer degradation

Some Massilia sp. are able to degrade cellulose[12] or chitin,[13] two naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers, using cellulase and endochitinase enzymes, respectively. Many Massilia produce extracellular proteases, which can degrade proteins, producing carbon and nitrogen for the organism to consume,[14] Massilia have also been reported to hydrolyse gelatin, casein, starch, DNA, tyrosine, and more.[15] Massilia may play a crucial role in carbon cycling due to their broad range of degradative enzymes,[5]

Massilia also have the potential to degrade many pollutants present in the environment. Massilia sp. WF1 was able to degrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene, each when alone and when in co-culture with the fungal species Phanerochaete chrysosporium.[16]

Plant-growth-promoting traits

Some Massilia sp. are capable of phosphorus solubilization in the soil.[14] Phosphorus solubilization allows plants to take in more phosphorus, potentially promoting plant growth. Analysis of Massilia genomes has identified genes for producing auxins, plant hormones, which can promote or alter plant growth.[15][17][18] Their hydrolysis of extracellular compounds, such as proteins or DNA, can also release nutrients for the plant or other bacteria to utilize.

Antibiotic production is found in a few Massilia isolates, though many of these antibiotic compounds have not been identified. Massilia rhizosphaerae has antibacterial activity against the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum.[3]Massilia antibiotica has antibacterial activity against the pathogens Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.[15]

Quorum-regulated traits

Some Massilia sp. are known to produce violacein, a pigment also prouduced by Chromobacterium violaceum.[19][5] This produces blue-purple pigmented colonies. Violacein production is regulated by quorum-sensing.[20] a mechanism by which bacteria alter their gene expression in response to the population density.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Parte, A.C.. "Massilia". LPSN. https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/massilia. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Baek, Ju Hye; Baek, Woonhee; Ruan, Wenting; Jung, Hye Su; Lee, Sung Chul; Jeon, Che OkYR 2022 (2022). "Massilia soli sp. nov., isolated from soil". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 72 (2): 005227. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005227. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 35119982. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.005227. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Li, Chenxu; Cao, Peng; Du, Chuanjiao; Zhang, Xue; Bing, Hui; Li, Lei; Sun, Peng; Xiang, Wensheng et al. (2021). "Massilia rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a rice-associated rhizobacterium with antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 71 (9): 005009. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005009. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 34520338. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.005009. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 La Scola, B.; Birtles, R. J.; Mallet, M. N.; Raoult, D. (October 1998). "Massilia timonae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from blood of an immunocompromised patient with cerebellar lesions". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36 (10): 2847–2852. doi:10.1128/JCM.36.10.2847-2852.1998. ISSN 0095-1137. PMID 9738031. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Sedláček, Ivo; Holochová, Pavla; Busse, Hans-Jürgen; Koublová, Vendula; Králová, Stanislava; Švec, Pavel; Sobotka, Roman; Staňková, Eva et al. (2022-03-24). "Characterisation of Waterborne Psychrophilic Massilia Isolates with Violacein Production and Description of Massilia antarctica sp. nov.". Microorganisms 10 (4): 704. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10040704. ISSN 2076-2607. PMID 35456753. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Heo, Jun; Won, Miyoung; Lee, Daseul; Han, Byeong-Hak; Hong, Seung-Beom; Kwon, Soon-WoYR 2022 (2022). "Duganella dendranthematis sp. nov. and Massilia forsythiae sp. nov., isolated from flowers". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 72 (8): 005487. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005487. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 35972883. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.005487. 
  7. ↑ Johnston-Monje, David; Gutiérrez, Janneth P.; Lopez-Lavalle, Luis Augusto Becerra (2021-10-22). "Seed-Transmitted Bacteria and Fungi Dominate Juvenile Plant Microbiomes". Frontiers in Microbiology 12: 737616. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.737616. ISSN 1664-302X. PMID 34745040. 
  8. ↑ Ofek, Maya; Hadar, Yitzhak; Minz, Dror (2012-07-11). "Ecology of Root Colonizing Massilia (Oxalobacteraceae)" (in en). PLOS ONE 7 (7): e40117. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040117. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 22808103. 
  9. ↑ Manni, Amina; Filali-Maltouf, Abdelkarim (2022-01-20). "Diversity and bioprospecting for industrial hydrolytic enzymes of microbial communities isolated from deserted areas of south-east Morocco". AIMS Microbiology 8 (1): 5–25. doi:10.3934/microbiol.2022002. ISSN 2471-1888. PMID 35496990. 
  10. ↑ Chen, Sheng-Chung; Chiu, Chuen-Huey; Chiu, Pin-Tzu; Chen, Yo-Chia; Lin, Yong-Hong; Young, Chiu-Chung; Chiu, Juei-Yu (2019-08-08). "Draft Genome Sequence of Manganese-Oxidizing Bacterium Massilia sp. Strain Mn16-1_5, Isolated from Serpentine Soil in Taitung, Taiwan". Microbiology Resource Announcements 8 (32): e00694–19. doi:10.1128/MRA.00694-19. ISSN 2576-098X. PMID 31395643. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ali, Gawahir A.; Ibrahim, Emad B.; Doiphode, Sanjay H.; Goravey, Wael (2022-08-02). "Massilia timonae bacteremia: An unusual pathogen of septic abortion". IDCases 29: e01592. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01592. ISSN 2214-2509. PMID 35942257. 
  12. ↑ Du, Chuanjiao; Li, Chenxu; Cao, Peng; Li, Tingting; Du, Dandan; Wang, Xiangjing; Zhao, Junwei; Xiang, Wensheng (2021-10-01). "Massilia cellulosiltytica sp. nov., a novel cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its whole genome analysis" (in en). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 114 (10): 1529–1540. doi:10.1007/s10482-021-01618-3. ISSN 1572-9699. PMID 34324104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01618-3. 
  13. ↑ Adrangi, Sina; Faramarzi, Mohammad Ali; Shahverdi, Ahmad Reza; Sepehrizadeh, Zargham (2010-02-11). "Purification and characterization of two extracellular endochitinases from Massilia timonae" (in en). Carbohydrate Research 345 (3): 402–407. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2009.11.015. ISSN 0008-6215. PMID 19962135. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008621509005540. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Zheng, Bang-Xiao; Bi, Qing-Fang; Hao, Xiu-Li; Zhou, Guo-Wei; Yang, Xiao-RuYR 2017 (2017). "Massilia phosphatilytica sp. nov., a phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from a long-term fertilized soil". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (8): 2514–2519. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001916. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 28853679. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.001916. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Dahal, Ram Hari; Chaudhary, Dhiraj Kumar; Kim, Jaisoo (2021-03-23). "Genome insight and description of antibiotic producing Massilia antibiotica sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil" (in en). Scientific Reports 11 (1): 6695. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86232-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 33758279. 
  16. ↑ Gu, Haiping; Yan, Kang; You, Qi; Chen, Yuanzhi; Pan, Yunhui; Wang, Haizhen; Wu, Laosheng; Xu, Jianming (2021-08-10). "Soil indigenous microorganisms weaken the synergy of Massilia sp. WF1 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium in phenanthrene biodegradation" (in en). Science of the Total Environment 781: 146655. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146655. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 33798893. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972101723X. 
  17. ↑ Ahmed, Ambreen; Hasnain, Shahida (2014). "Auxins as one of the factors of plant growth improvement by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria". Polish Journal of Microbiology 63 (3): 261–266. doi:10.33073/pjm-2014-035. ISSN 1733-1331. PMID 25546935. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25546935/. 
  18. ↑ Holochová, Pavla; Mašlaňová, Ivana; Sedláček, Ivo; Švec, Pavel; Králová, Stanislava; Kovařovic, Vojtěch; Busse, Hans-Jürgen; Staňková, Eva et al. (2020-09-01). "Description of Massilia rubra sp. nov., Massilia aquatica sp. nov., Massilia mucilaginosa sp. nov., Massilia frigida sp. nov., and one Massilia genomospecies isolated from Antarctic streams, lakes and regoliths" (in en). Systematic and Applied Microbiology 43 (5): 126112. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126112. ISSN 0723-2020. PMID 32847787. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0723202020300679. 
  19. ↑ Park, HyunA; Park, SeoA; Yang, Yung-Hun; Choi, Kwon-Young (2021-08-18). "Microbial synthesis of violacein pigment and its potential applications". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 41 (6): 879–901. doi:10.1080/07388551.2021.1892579. ISSN 0738-8551. PMID 33730942. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2021.1892579. 
  20. ↑ Antônio, Regina Vasconcellos; Creczynski-Pasa, Tânia B. (2004-03-31). "Genetic analysis of violacein biosynthesis by Chromobacterium violaceum". Genetics and Molecular Research 3 (1): 85–91. ISSN 1676-5680. PMID 15100990. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15100990/. 

Wikidata ☰ Q6784645 entry



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