Biology:Mongolian short-toed lark
| Mongolian short-toed lark | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alaudidae |
| Genus: | Calandrella |
| Species: | C. dukhunensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Calandrella dukhunensis (Sykes, 1832)
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| Synonyms | |
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The Mongolian short-toed lark or Sykes's short-toed lark (Calandrella dukhunensis) is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It breeds in China and Mongolia and winters in southern Asia.
Taxonomy and systematics
The Mongolian short-toed lark was originally placed in the genus Alauda. It was then considered as a subspecies of the morphologically similar greater short-toed lark, but recent analyses of both mitochondrial[2][3] and nuclear DNA[3] showed that it was more closely related to Hume's short-toed lark. It was split in 2016 by the IOC, although not all other authorities have recognized this re-classification to date.[4] Additionally, some authorities considered the Mongolian short-toed lark to be a subspecies of the red-capped lark.[5] The name 'Mongolian short-toed lark' is also used as an alternate name for the Asian short-toed lark. The alternate name short-toed lark may also be used for three other species in the genus Calandrella.
Description
The Mongolian short-toed lark is darker and has a shorter bill than the greater short-toed lark.[6] The Mongolian short-toed lark breeds on the Tibetan plateau and winters mainly in peninsular India.[7]
References
- ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Calandrella dukhunensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T103766226A104343288. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103766226A104343288.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/103766226/104343288. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ↑ Alström, Per; Barnes, Keith N.; Olsson, Urban; Barker, F. Keith; Bloomer, Paulette; Khan, Aleem Ahmed; Qureshi, Masood Ahmed; Guillaumet, Alban et al. (2013-12-01). "Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (3): 1043–1056. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.005. PMID 23792153. https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11222/5/alstrom_appendix.pdf.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stervander, Martin; Alström, Per; Olsson, Urban; Ottosson, Ulf; Hansson, Bengt; Bensch, Staffan (September 2016). "Multiple instances of paraphyletic species and cryptic taxa revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear RAD data for Calandrella larks (Aves: Alaudidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 102: 233–245. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.032. PMID 27235550.
- ↑ "Species Updates « IOC World Bird List". http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates/species-updates/.
- ↑ "Calandrella dukhunensis - Avibase". http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=B9808769F728450D.
- ↑ Rasmussen, PC; JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide.. 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx edicions.. p. 303.
- ↑ Whistler, Hugh (1949). Popular Handbook of Indian Birds (4th ed.). Gurney and Jackson, London. p. 256. https://archive.org/details/popularhandbooko033226mbp.
Wikidata ☰ Q27907729 entry
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