Biology:Myctophiformes
| Myctophiformes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Spotted lanternfish (Myctophum punctatum) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Clade: | Ctenosquamata |
| Superorder: | Scopelomorpha |
| Order: | Myctophiformes Regan, 1911 |
| Type species | |
| Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque, 1810
| |
| Families | |
The Myctophiformes /ˈmɪktəfɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an order of ray-finned fishes consisting of two families of deep-sea marine fish, most notably the highly abundant lanternfishes (Myctophidae). The blackchins (Neoscopelidae) contain six species in three genera, while the bulk of the family belongs to the Myctophidae, with over 30 genera and some 252 species.[1]
The scientific name ultimately derives from Ancient Greek myktér (μυκτήρ, "nose") + óphis (ὄφῖς, "serpent") + Latin forma ("external form"), the Greek part in reference to the long, slender, and heavy-headed shape of these fishes.[2]
Description and ecology
These smallish fishes inhabit the pelagic and benthopelagic zones of the deep sea. They are laterally compressed and usually have photophores (light organs). The eyes are large, in some decidedly huge, and generally directed straight sideways. The mouth also quite large and located at the tip of the snout; its gape extends to below the eyes or even beyond. They have an adipose fin. The pelvic fin has eight rays in most myctophiforms, and the number of branchiostegal rays is usually higher than six and lower than 12.[1]
Systematics
The two families of the Myctophiformes are:[3]
- Myctophidae – lanternfishes
- Neoscopelidae – blackchins
The order Myctophiformes is anatomically similar to the grinners (Aulopiformes), but their pharyngobranchials and retractor muscles are more plesiomorphic. It was also allied with the more advanced spiny-rayed Teleostei (e.g. Paracanthopterygii) as "Ctenosquamata". These apomorphically have a fifth upper pharyngeal toothplate and a third internal levator muscle to move it, and molecular data also support the long-held view that these two lineages are at least closely related. Other sources ally them with the Lampriformes, which are often placed in a monotypic superorder "Lampridiomorpha". In a similar fashion, separation of the Myctophiformes in superorder "Scopelomorpha" has been proposed. The Aulopiformes, though, are usually considered to be closer or even among the Protacanthopterygii, one of the core groups of moderately advanced teleosts. As modern taxonomy tries to avoid a profusion of small taxa, and the delimitation of the Euteleostei (Protacanthopterygii sensu stricto and their allies) versus "Ctenosquamata" such as the Paracanthopterygii remains uncertain, the systematics and taxonomy of the Myctophiformes among the teleosts are in need of further study.[4]
Timeline of genera
<timeline> ImageSize = width:1500px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px
Period = from:-145.5 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-145.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-145.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify
Colors =
#legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)
BarData=
bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:NAM12 bar:NAM13 bar:NAM14 bar:NAM15 bar:NAM16 bar:NAM17 bar:NAM18 bar:NAM19 bar:NAM20 bar:NAM21 bar:NAM22 bar:NAM23 bar:NAM24 bar:NAM25 bar:NAM26 bar:NAM27 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Early from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Late from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleo. from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eo. from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligo. from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Mio. from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Pl. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pl. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:eratop from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
PlotData=
align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM1 from: -99.6 till: -70.6 text: Sardinoides color:latecretaceous bar:NAM2 from: -85.8 till: -83.5 text: Chirothrix color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from: -83.5 till: -70.6 text: Sardinius color:paleocene bar:NAM4 from: -65.5 till: -55.8 text: Neocassandra color:paleocene bar:NAM5 from: -65.5 till: -55.8 text: Eokrefftia color:eocene bar:NAM6 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Diaphus color:eocene bar:NAM7 from: -48.6 till: -23.03 text: Eomyctophum color:oligocene bar:NAM8 from: -28.4 till: 0 text: Lobianchia color:oligocene bar:NAM9 from: -28.4 till: 0 text: Hygophum color:miocene bar:NAM10 from: -23.03 till: 0 text: Symbolophorus color:miocene bar:NAM11 from: -23.03 till: 0 text: Lampanyctus color:miocene bar:NAM12 from: -23.03 till: 0 text: Bolinichthyes color:miocene bar:NAM13 from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Notoscopelus color:miocene bar:NAM14 from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Benthosema color:miocene bar:NAM15 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Myctophum color:miocene bar:NAM16 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Lampichthyes color:miocene bar:NAM17 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Lampanyctodes color:miocene bar:NAM18 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Electrona color:pliocene bar:NAM19 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Triphoturus color:pliocene bar:NAM20 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Tarletonbeania color:pliocene bar:NAM21 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Stenobrachius color:pliocene bar:NAM22 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Scopelopsis color:pliocene bar:NAM23 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Protomyctophum color:pliocene bar:NAM24 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Parvilux color:pliocene bar:NAM25 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Lampadena color:pliocene bar:NAM26 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Gymnoscopelus color:pliocene bar:NAM27 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Ceratoscopelus
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
bar:period from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Early from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Late from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleo. from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eo. from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligo. from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Mio. from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Pl. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pl. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:era from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
</timeline>
Footnotes
References
- Diogo, Rui (2008): On the cephalic and pectoral girdle muscles of the deep sea fish Alepocephalus rostratus, with comments on the functional morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Alepocephaloidei (Teleostei). Anim. Biol. 58(1): 23-29. doi:10.1163/157075608X303636
- FishBase (2006): Order Myctophiformes. Version of 2006-OCT-09. Retrieved 2009-SEP-28.
- Glare, P.G.W. (ed.) (1968–1982): Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN:0-19-864224-5
- Nelson, Joseph S. (2006): Fishes of the World (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN:0-471-25031-7
- Woodhouse, S.C. (1910): English-Greek Dictionary - A Vocabulary of the Attic Language. George Routledge & Sons Ltd., Broadway House, Ludgate Hill, E.C. Searchable JPEG fulltext
- Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
Wikidata ☰ Q581782 entry
 |  |
