Biology:Palaeoloxodon huaihoensis
| Palaeoloxodon huaihoensis | |
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.JPG)
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| Skeleton of Palaeoloxodon huaihoensis at National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Proboscidea |
| Family: | Elephantidae |
| Genus: | †Palaeoloxodon |
| Species: | †P. huaihoensis
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| Binomial name | |
| †Palaeoloxodon huaihoensis Liu, 1977
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Palaeoloxodon huaihoensis is an extinct species of elephant belonging to the genus Palaeoloxodon known from the Pleistocene of China. It was first named a subspecies of P. naumanni (which is principly known from material found in Japan) by J. Liu in 1977 based on a partial skeleton from Huaiyuan, Anhui,[1] and was later elevated to species rank by G. Qi in 1999, who also included remains found in the Penghu Channel between the Penghu archipelago and Taiwan.[2] The Penghu Channel remains are suggested to date to the Middle and Late Pleistocene.[3] A mostly complete adult skull (IVPP V4443) from Late Pleistoene Nihewan basin in Hebei may be referrable to this species. The body size is very large, comparable to Indian Palaeoloxodon namadicus and the European straight-tusked elephant (P. antiquus). In comparison to Indian P. namadicus, the postcranial skeleton is substantially more robust, and greatly resembles that of P. antiquus. The morphology of IVPP V4443 is also overall more similar to that of P. antiquus than P. namadicus, but the parietal-occipital crest at the top of the skull displays a very robust morphology closer to that of P. namadicus.[4] The oldest remains of Palaeoloxodon in North China date to the early Middle Pleistocene, around 700,000 years ago.[5] The latest dates for Palaeoloxodon in China are from the Late Pleistocene, and a Holocene survival is not substantiated.[6] Mitochondrial genomes retrieved from Chinese Palaeoloxodon individuals from North China reveal that like the European P. antiquus, they harboured mitochondrial lineages derived from those of African forest elephants as a result of hybridisation with that species prior to Palaeoloxodon leaving Africa.[7]
Diagram of the relationships of elephant mitochondrial genomes, after Lin et al. 2023.[7]
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References
- ↑ J. Liu Palaeoloxodon from Huaiyuan District, northern part of Anhui Vertebr. Palasiat., 15 (1977), pp. 272-284
- ↑ G. Qi On some problems of Palaeoloxodon of China (in Chinese with English Abstract) Y. Wang, T. Deng (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, China Ocean Press, Beijing (1999), pp. 201-210
- ↑ Kang, Jia-Cih; Lin, Chien-Hsiang; Chang, Chun-Hsiang (2021-04-14). "Age and growth of Palaeoloxodon huaihoensis from Penghu Channel, Taiwan: significance of their age distribution based on fossils" (in en). PeerJ 9: e11236. doi:10.7717/peerj.11236. ISSN 2167-8359. PMID 33954049.
- ↑ Larramendi, Asier; Zhang, Hanwen; Palombo, Maria Rita; Ferretti, Marco P. (February 2020). "The evolution of Palaeoloxodon skull structure: Disentangling phylogenetic, sexually dimorphic, ontogenetic, and allometric morphological signals" (in en). Quaternary Science Reviews 229: 106090. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106090. Bibcode: 2020QSRv..22906090L.
- ↑ Jin, Changzhu; Wang, Yuan; Liu, Jinyuan; Ge, Junyi; Zhao, Bo; Liu, Jinyi; Zhang, Hanwen; Shao, Qingfeng et al. (2021-03-10). "Late Cenozoic mammalian faunal evolution at the Jinyuan Cave site of Luotuo Hill, Dalian, Northeast China" (in en). Quaternary International 577: 15–28. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.01.011. ISSN 1040-6182. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618221000276.
- ↑ Turvey, Samuel T.; Tong, Haowen; Stuart, Anthony J.; Lister, Adrian M. (September 2013). "Holocene survival of Late Pleistocene megafauna in China: a critical review of the evidence" (in en). Quaternary Science Reviews 76: 156–166. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.06.030. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379113002503.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lin, Haifeng; Hu, Jiaming; Baleka, Sina; Yuan, Junxia; Chen, Xi; Xiao, Bo; Song, Shiwen; Du, Zhicheng et al. (July 2023). "A genetic glimpse of the Chinese straight-tusked elephants" (in en). Biology Letters 19 (7). doi:10.1098/rsbl.2023.0078. ISSN 1744-957X. PMID 37463654.
Wikidata ☰ Q97351568 entry
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