Biology:SPMIP4

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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens


A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example


Sperm-associated microtubule inner protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SPMIP4 (previously C7orf31).[1] The SPMIP4 protein is predicted to be part of the core (axoneme) of the sperm flagellum.[2]

Gene/Locus

In humans, the SPMIP4 gene is located at the locus 7p15.3 [3] and stretches between position 25174316 and 25219817 (span 45502 bp).[4] It codes for at least 4 unique human isoforms: the primary isoform (590 aa; also denoted X1, X2, and CRA_c),[5][6][7] isoform X4 (346 aa),[8] isoform CRA_a (580 aa),[9] and isoform CRA_b (380 aa).[10]

Transcript

In humans, SPMIP4 codes for an mRNA strand that is 3609 base pairs long. The human mRNA is composed of a 5' untranslated region that is 561 bases and a 3' untranslated region that is 1275 bases long.[11]

Protein

The primary protein encoded by SPMIP4 in humans is 590 amino acids long with molecular weight 38334 Da.[3] The protein is part of a functionally uncharacterized family of proteins (pfam15093) with a domain of unknown function (DUF4555).[12]

Protein Orthology

The SPMIP4 protein is well-conserved in mammals and birds, but is less conserved in more distant organisms.[13]

SPMIP4 does not have any paralogs in humans.

Expression

In humans, SPMIP4 is predicted to be localized in the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondrion, and peroxisome, and it is expressed in almost all tissues.[14] It is highly expressed especially in the testes.[15]

Interaction

Two-hybrid studies have found interactions between the proteins encoded by A8K5H9 and SPMIP4,[16] and another study has found the protein to interact with KBTBD5.[17]

A study in 2014 found SPMIP4 to be a candidate as a centrosome-associated protein, using mass spectrometry on mammalian sperm cells’ centrioles. The protein appears in the study alongside seven other centrosome-associated protein candidates.[18] Along with 2241 other proteins, SPMIP4 also exhibited significant binding in a microarray experiment to β-amyloids, a group of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.[19] Finally, in a protein-protein interaction network study,[20] SPMIP4 was found to associate with KLHL40, whose exact function is also not known.[21]

References

  1. ↑ "SPMIP4 - sperm microtubule inner protein 4". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/gene/136895/. 
  2. ↑ "Q8N865 · SMIP4_HUMAN". UniProt consortium. https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q8N865/entry. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "NCBI Protein". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_620166.3. 
  4. ↑ "UCSC Blat Results". http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgBlat. 
  5. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_005249676.1. 
  6. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_005249677.1. 
  7. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EAW93828.1. 
  8. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_005249679.1. 
  9. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EAW93825.1. 
  10. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EAW93826.1. 
  11. ↑ "NCBI Nucleotide (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". 11 November 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_138811.3. 
  12. ↑ "NCBI Conserved Domains (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=pfam15093. 
  13. ↑ "NCBI Blast (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi. 
  14. ↑ "Genecards C7orf31". https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C7orf31&search=f6d814ff38020c034af78b0631c7285b. 
  15. ↑ "NCBI GEO (National Center for Biotechnology Information". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/tools/profileGraph.cgi?ID=GDS1085:38434. 
  16. ↑ "21 binary interactions found for search term C7orf31". IntAct Molecular Interaction Database. EMBL-EBI. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interactions?conversationContext=3&query=C7orf31. 
  17. ↑ "STRING Database". http://string-db.org/. 
  18. ↑ "Proteomic analysis of mammalian sperm cells identifies new components of the centrosome". Journal of Cell Science 127 (Pt 19): 4128–33. October 2014. doi:10.1242/jcs.157008. PMID 25074808. 
  19. ↑ "Interactions of pathological hallmark proteins: tubulin polymerization promoting protein/p25, beta-amyloid, and alpha-synuclein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 286 (39): 34088–100. September 2011. doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.243907. PMID 21832049. 
  20. ↑ "A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network". Cell 159 (5): 1212–1226. November 2014. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.050. PMID 25416956. 
  21. ↑ "NCBI Gene". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/131377. 



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