Biology:Sceptridium

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Sceptridium is a genus of seedless vascular plants in the family Ophioglossaceae,[1] closely allied to (and often included as a subgenus[2] of) the genus Botrychium (the moonworts and grapeferns). It is also closely related to the genus Botrypus (the rattlesnake fern, often treated as the subgenus Osmundopteris under Botrychium). Sceptridium species are commonly called the grape-ferns.

These plants are small with fleshy roots, and reproduce by spores shed into the air. They differ from the moonworts in having at least some sterile fronds (all fronds in Botrychium are spore-bearing), and in the fronds being bi- or tri-pinnate (Botrychium are single pinnate, or rarely bipinnate); and from Botrypus in being evergreen, or at least winter-green (Botrypus are deciduous) and having the non-spore-bearing part of the frond long-stalked (short-stalked in Botrypus).

Taxonomy

The Smith et al. classification of 2006, based on molecular phylogeny, lumped Sceptridium within Botrychium, in the Ophioglossaceae,[3] which was continued in the Christenhusz et al. classification of 2011Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag[4]

 
(Hiemobotrychium)

S. lunarioides (Michaux) Holub (winter grapefern)[5]

 
(Sceptridium)
 
 

S. schaffneri (Underwood) Lyon[6]

 
 
 

S. decompositum (von Martius & Gal.) Lyon

 
 
 

S. daucifolium (Wallich ex Hooker & Greville) Lyon

 
 
 

S. atrovirens Sahashi

 
 

S. formosanum (Tagawa) Holub

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

S. microphyllum Sahashi

 
 
 

S. triangularifolium Sahashi

 
 
 

S. × pseudoternatum (Sahashi)

 
 
 

S. nipponicum (Makino) Holub

 
 

S. robustum (Rupr.) Lyon

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

S. multifidum (Gmelin) Nishida ex Tag. (leather grape-fern)[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

 
 

S. oneidense (Gilbert) Holub (blunt-leaved grape-fern)[7][14][15][16]

 
 
 
 

S. dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon (cut-leaved grape-fern)[7][17][18][19][20]

 
 
 

S. biternatum (Sav.) Lyon (sparse-lobed grapefern, southern grapefern)[21]

 
 
 

S. japonicum (Prantl) Lyon

 
 

S. ternatum (Thunberg) Lyon

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Unassigned species:

Botrychium rugulosum
  • S. × argutum Sahashi
  • S. australe (Brown) Lyon (parsley fern)[22][23]
  • S. biforme (Col.) Lyon (fine-leaved parsley fern)[24][25]
  • S. × elegans Sahashi
  • S. javanicum Sahashi
  • S. jenmanii (Underwood) Lyon (Alabama grape-fern)[26][27][28]
  • S. × longistipitatum Sahashi
  • S. × pulchrum Sahashi
  • S. rugulosum (Wagner) Skoda & Holub (ternate grape-fern, St. Lawrence grape fern, rugulose grape fern)[7][29][30]
  • S. × silvicola (Sahashi) Ebihara
  • S. subbifoliatum (Brack.) Lyon (island grape-fern)[31][32][33]
  • S. underwoodianum (Maxon) Lyon[34][35]

References

  1. ↑ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf. 
  2. ↑ subgenus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 16 Jan 2012
  3. ↑ Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald; Wolf, Paul G. (2006). "A classification for extant ferns". Taxon 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/9/95/Smith_et_al_2006.pdf. 
  4. ↑ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". 2024. https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html. 
  5. ↑ "PteridoPortal - Sceptridium lunarioides". https://www.pteridoportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?tid=963. 
  6. ↑ B. schaffneri Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 04 Jan 2012
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 [1] MICHIGAN FLORA ONLINE. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. January 16, 2012
  8. ↑ Mesipuu, Meeli; R. P. Shefferson; T. Kull (2009). "Weather and herbivores influence fertility in the endangered fern Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr". Plant Ecology 203 (1): 23–31. doi:10.1007/s11258-008-9501-3. Bibcode: 2009PlEco.203...23M. 
  9. ↑ B. multifidum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
  10. ↑ B. multifidum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  11. ↑ "Botrychium multifidum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BOMU. 
  12. ↑ B. multifidum University of Wisconsin, Cofrin Center for Biodiversity, Ferns and Fern Allies of Wisconsin. 26 Dec 2011
  13. ↑ Botrychium Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point 02 Jan 2012
  14. ↑ "Botrychium oneidense". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BOON. Retrieved 16 Jan 2012. 
  15. ↑ B. oneidense Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  16. ↑ Botrychium oneidense Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 16 Jan 2012
  17. ↑ Montgomery, James D. (1990). "Survivorship and Predation Changes in Five Populations of Botrychium dissectum in Eastern Pennsylvania". American Fern Journal. 4 80 (4): 173–182. doi:10.2307/1547206. 
  18. ↑ B. dissectum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
  19. ↑ B. dissectum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  20. ↑ B. obliquum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 16 Jan 2012
  21. ↑ B. biternatum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  22. ↑ Kelly, Dave (1994). "Demography and conservation of Botrychium australe, a peculiar, sparse mycorrhizal fern". New Zealand Journal of Botany 32 (4): 393–400. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1994.10412925. Bibcode: 1994NZJB...32..393K. 
  23. ↑ B. australe Plants for a Future 26 Dec 2011
  24. ↑ B. biforme International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 02 Jan 2012
  25. ↑ S. biforme International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 02 Jan 2012
  26. ↑ B. jenmanii Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  27. ↑ B. jenmanii Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
  28. ↑ B. alabamense Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011
  29. ↑ B. rugulosum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
  30. ↑ B. rugulosum Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point 27 Dec 2011
  31. ↑ "Sceptridium subbifoliatum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SCSU13. Retrieved 16 Jan 2012. 
  32. ↑ B. subbifoliatum International Plant Names Index 27 Dec 2011
  33. ↑ B. subbifoliatum ITIS taxonomy 26 Dec 2011
  34. ↑ B. underwoodianum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011
  35. ↑ S. underwoodianum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011

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