Biology:Swainsona
| Swainsona | |
|---|---|
| |
| Swainsona villosa | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Tribe: | Galegeae |
| Subtribe: | Astragalinae |
| Genus: | Swainsona Salisb.[1] |
| Species | |
|
See text. | |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
| |
Swainsona is a genus of about 85 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, and is endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are herbs or subshrubs with imparipinnate leaves and usually purple flowers similar to others in the family.
Description
Plants in the genus Swainsona are prostrate to erect annuals or perennial herbs or subshrubs, often with many stems at the base. The leaves are usually imparipinnate (pinnate, with a terminal leaflet) with a few to many leaflets, with stipules at the base of the petiole. A few to many flowers are borne in a raceme in leaf axils on an erect peduncle with bracts at the base, and small bracteoles at the base of the sepals. The sepals are joined at the base to form a bell-shaped tube with 5 equal lobes, or the upper 2 lobes shorter. The petals are mostly purple, sometimes white, pink, yellow orange or red. The standard petal is kidney-shaped to more or less round, usually longer than the wings and often longer than the keel. There are ten stamens, nine of which are joined with each other and the tenth free and facing the standard petal.[3][4][5][6]
Taxonomy
The genus Swainsona was first formally described in 1806 by Richard Anthony Salisbury in Paradisus Londinensis and the first species he described (the type species) was Swainsona coronillifolia, (now accepted as a synonym of Swainsona galegifolia.[7][8][9]
A member of the family Fabaceae (legumes), this species is most closely related to the New Zealand genera Montigena (scree pea), Clianthus (kakabeak), and Carmichaelia (New Zealand broom).[10] The genus name (Swainsona) honours the English botanist Isaac Swainson.[11]
A few species are known to produce swainsonine, a phytotoxin harmful to livestock (see Locoweed). In Australia, animals intoxicated with swainsonine are said to be pea struck.[12]
Species list
The following is a list of species of Swainsona accepted by Plants of the World Online as of 10 September 2023:[2]
- Swainsona acuticarinata (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps. (N.T., S.A., W.A.)
- Swainsona adenophylla J.M.Black (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
- Swainsona affinis (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps. (W.A., S.A., N.T., Qld, N.S.W.)
- Swainsona beasleyana F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Swainsona behriana F.Muell. ex J.M.Black (N.S.W., S.A., Vic.)
- Swainsona brachycarpa Benth. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
- Swainsona bracteata (Maiden & Betche) Joy Thomps. (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Swainsona burkei F.Muell. ex Benth. (N.T., Qld.)
- Swainsona burkittii F.Muell. ex Benth. (S.A., N.S.W.)
- Swainsona cadellii F.Muell. ex C.Moore (N.S.W.)
- Swainsona calcicola Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
- Swainsona campestris J.M.Black (S.A., W.A.)
- Swainsona campylantha F.Muell. (Qld., N.T., S.A., N.S.W., W.A.)
- Swainsona canescens (Benth.) F.Muell. (Qld., S.A., W.A.)
- Swainsona colutoides F.Muell. (W.A., N.T., S.A., N.S.W.)
- Swainsona complanata Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
- Swainsona cornuta Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
- Swainsona cyclocarpa F.Muell. (W.A., N.T.)
- Swainsona decurrens A.T.Lee (W.A.)
- Swainsona dictyocarpa J.M.Black (S.A.)
- Swainsona disjuncta Joy Thomps. (W.A., S.A., N.T.)
- Swainsona ecallosa Sprague (W.A.)
- Swainsona elegans A.T.Lee (W.A.)
- Swainsona elegantoides (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
- Swainsona eremaea Joy Thomps. (S.A.)
- Swainsona extrajacens Joy Thomps. (S.A., N.S.W.)
- Swainsona fissimontana J.M.Black (S.A., N.S.W.)
- Swainsona flavicarinata J.M.Black (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
- Swainsona formosa (G.Don) Joy Thomps. (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
- Swainsona forrestii F.Muell. ex A.T.Lee (W.A.)
- Swainsona fraseri Benth. (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Swainsona fuscoviridis Joy Thomps. (S.A.)
- Swainsona galegifolia (Andrews) R.Br. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
- Swainsona gracilis Benth. (W.A.)
- Swainsona greyana Lindl. (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
- Swainsona halophila Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona incei W.R.Price
- Swainsona katjarra R.W.Davis & T.Hammer
- Swainsona kingii F.Muell.
- Swainsona laciniata A.T.Lee
- Swainsona laxa R.Br.
- Swainsona leeana J.Z.Weber
- Swainsona lessertiifolia DC.
- Swainsona longicarinata Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona longipilosa Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona luteola F.Muell.
- Swainsona maccullochiana F.Muell.
- Swainsona microcalyx J.M.Black
- Swainsona microphylla A.Gray
- Swainsona minutiflora A.T.Lee
- Swainsona monticola A.Cunn. ex Benth.
- Swainsona murrayana Wawra
- Swainsona oligophylla F.Muell. ex Benth.
- Swainsona oliveri F.Muell.
- Swainsona oroboides F.Muell. ex Benth.
- Swainsona paradoxa W.Fitzg.
- Swainsona parviflora Benth.
- Swainsona paucifoliolata Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona pedunculata A.T.Lee
- Swainsona perlonga Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona phacoides Benth.
- Swainsona plagiotropis F.Muell.
- Swainsona procumbens (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
- Swainsona pterostylis (DC.) Bakh.f.
- Swainsona purpurea (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona pyrophila Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona queenslandica Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona recta A.T.Lee
- Swainsona reticulata J.M.Black
- Swainsona rostellata A.T.Lee
- Swainsona rostrata Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona rotunda Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona sejuncta Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona sericea (A.T.Lee) J.M.Black ex H.Eichler
- Swainsona similis Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona stenodonta F.Muell.
- Swainsona stipularis F.Muell.
- Swainsona swainsonioides (Benth.) A.T.Lee ex J.M.Black
- Swainsona tanamiensis Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona tenuis E.Pritz.
- Swainsona tephrotricha F.Muell.
- Swainsona thompsoniana R.W.Davis & P.J.H.Hurter
- Swainsona unifoliolata F.Muell.
- Swainsona vestita Joy Thomps.
- Swainsona villosa J.M.Black
- Swainsona viridis J.M.Black
Distribution
Species of Swainsona are found in all six Australian states and in the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Swainsona". Australian Plant Census. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/75044.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "((Swainsona Salisb.))". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:23641-1.
- ↑ Thompson, Joy; James, Teresa A.. "Swainsona". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=gn&name=Swainsona.
- ↑ "Swainsona". State Herbrium of South Australia. http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Swainsona.
- ↑ Jeanes, Jeff A.; Stajsic, Val. "Swainsona". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/f5d5c1dd-4785-4dd2-ba3a-a44f9e23d525.
- ↑ "Swainsona". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21620.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Swainsona". Australian Plant Name Index. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/name/apni/487904/api/apni-format.
- ↑ Salisbury, Richard A. (1806). Paradisus Londinensis. London: William Hooker. p. 28. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113616#page/61/mode/1up. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- ↑ "Swainsona coronillifolia". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/results?q=Swainsona%20coronillifolia.
- ↑ Wagstaff, Steven J.; Peter B. Heenan; Michael J. Sanderson (1999). "Classification, origins, and patterns of diversification in New Zealand Carmichaelia (Fabaceae)". American Journal of Botany (American Journal of Botany, Vol. 86, No. 9) 86 (9): 1346–1356. doi:10.2307/2656781. PMID 10487821.
- ↑ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 116. ISBN 9780958034180.
- ↑ "THE DARLING PEA.". The Sydney Morning Herald (National Library of Australia): p. 5. 14 May 1897. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14103431.
Wikidata ☰ Q2494626 entry
 |  |
