Biology:Synuclein
| Synuclein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Synuclein | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01387 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001058 | ||||||||
| SCOP2 | 1xq8 / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||
| OPM superfamily | 150 | ||||||||
| OPM protein | 1xq8 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Synucleins are a family of soluble proteins common to vertebrates, primarily expressed in neural tissue and in certain tumors.[1]
The name is a blend of the words "synapse" and "nucleus", as it was first found in the synapses in the electromotor nucleus of the electric ray.[2]
Family members
The synuclein family includes three known proteins: alpha-synuclein, beta-synuclein, and gamma-synuclein. Interest in the synuclein family began when alpha-synuclein was found to be mutated in several families with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease.[3]
All synucleins have in common a highly conserved alpha-helical lipid-binding motif with similarity to the class-A2 lipid-binding domains of the exchangeable apolipoproteins. Synuclein family members are not found outside vertebrates, although they have some conserved structural similarity with plant 'late-embryo-abundant' proteins.[1]
- Alpha-synuclein InterPro: IPR002460
- Beta-synuclein InterPro: IPR002461
- Gamma-synuclein InterPro: IPR002462
Function
Normal cellular functions have not been determined for any of the synuclein proteins. Some data suggest a role in the regulation of membrane stability and/or turnover.[4] Mutations in alpha-synuclein are associated with early-onset familial Parkinson's disease and the protein aggregates abnormally in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases.[5][6] The gamma-synuclein protein's expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression.[7][8]
Human proteins containing this domain
SNCA; SNCB; SNCG;
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 George JM (2002). "The synucleins". Genome Biol. 3 (1): REVIEWS3002. doi:10.1186/gb-2001-3-1-reviews3002. PMID 11806835.
- ↑ SYNUCLEIN | Definition of SYNUCLEIN by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com
- ↑ "Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease.". Science 276 (5321): 2045–7. 1997. doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2045. PMID 9197268. https://zenodo.org/record/1231112.
- ↑ Kara E (2021). "An integrated genomic approach to dissect the genetic landscape regulating the cell-to-cell transfer of α-synuclein". Cell Reports 35 (10): 109189. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109189. PMID 34107263.
- ↑ "Alpha synuclein in neurodegenerative disorders: murderer or accomplice?". Nat Med 4 (7): 755–7. 1998. doi:10.1038/nm0798-755. PMID 9662355. https://zenodo.org/record/1233447.
- ↑ Goedert M (July 2001). "Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2 (7): 492–501. doi:10.1038/35081564. PMID 11433374.
- ↑ "Identification of a breast cancer-specific gene, BCSG1, by direct differential cDNA sequencing.". Cancer Res 57 (4): 759–64. 1997. PMID 9044857. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/57/4/759.
- ↑ "Synucleins are expressed in the majority of breast and ovarian carcinomas and in preneoplastic lesions of the ovary". Cancer 88 (9): 2154–63. May 2000. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000501)88:9<2154::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 10813729.
External links
- Synucleins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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