Chemistry:2-Carbomethoxytropinone

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2-Carbomethoxytropinone
Carbomethoxytropinone.svg
Names
IUPAC name
Methyl 3-oxotropane-2β-carboxylate
Systematic IUPAC name
Methyl (1R,2R,5S)-8-methyl-3-oxo-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
Other names
Carbomethoxy-tropinone; 2-Carbomethoxy-3-tropinone; Carbmethoxy-tropinone; Methyl 8-methyl-3-oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate; Methyl 8-methyl-3-oxo-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4-carboxylate; 2-(Methoxycarbonyl)-3-tropanone
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Properties
C10H15NO3
Molar mass 197.234 g·mol−1
Melting point 104 °C (219 °F; 377 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Tracking categories (test):

2-Carbomethoxytropinone (2-CMT) is a commonly used organic intermediate in the synthesis of cocaine and its analogues.[1] As of at least 1999 no reaction pathway has been discovered that synthesizes cocaine-like compounds without utilizing the reduction of 2-CMT.[2] The structure of cocaine was discovered by Richard Willstätter in 1898 after he synthesized it from 2-carbomethoxytropinone.[3][4] Although it was originally believed that 2-CMT in nature was ultimately derived from ornithine and acetic acid,[5] subsequent research has indicated other pathways exist for the biosynthesis of 2-CMT.[6][7] A β-keto ester, 2-CMT exists in equilibrium with its keto–enol tautomer.

Synthesis

2-CMT (3) can be synthesized from 1,3-acetonedicarboxylate anhydride (1) by methanolysis followed by reaction with methylamine and succinaldehyde.[8]

Synthesis of 2-CMT

See also

References

  1. ↑ Findlay, Stephen P. (1957). "Concerning 2-Carbomethoxytropinone*". The Journal of Organic Chemistry 22 (11): 1385–1394. doi:10.1021/jo01362a022. 
  2. ↑ Simoni, Daniele; Roberti, Marinella; Andrisano, Vincenza; Manferdini, Monica; Rondanin, Riccardo; Invidiata, Francesco Paolo (1999). "Two-carbon bridge substituted cocaines: Enantioselective synthesis, attribution of the absolute configuration and biological activity of novel 6- and 7-methoxylated cocaines". Il Farmaco 54 (5): 275–87. doi:10.1016/S0014-827X(99)00027-0. PMID 10418122. 
  3. ↑ Humphrey, Andrew J.; O'Hagan, David (2001). "Tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. A century old problem unresolved". Natural Product Reports 18 (5): 494–502. doi:10.1039/b001713m. PMID 11699882. 
  4. ↑ Findlay, Stephen P. (1954). "The Three-dimensional Structure of the Cocaines. Part I. Cocaine and Pseudococaine". Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (11): 2855–2862. doi:10.1021/ja01640a001. 
  5. ↑ Leete, Edward (1983). "Chemistry of the tropane alkaloids. 33. 2-Carbomethoxy-3-tropinone: An advanced intermediate in the biosynthesis of cocaine". Journal of the American Chemical Society 105 (22): 6727–6728. doi:10.1021/ja00360a038. 
  6. ↑ Leete, Edward.; Kim, Sung Hoon. (1988). "A revision of the generally accepted hypothesis for the biosynthesis of the tropane moiety of cocaine". Journal of the American Chemical Society 110 (9): 2976. doi:10.1021/ja00217a051. 
  7. ↑ Jirschitzka, Jan; Dolke, Franziska; d’Auria, John C. (2013). "Increasing the Pace of New Discoveries in Tropane Alkaloid Biosynthesis". New Light on Alkaloid Biosynthesis and Future Prospects. Advances in Botanical Research. 68. pp. 39. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-408061-4.00002-X. ISBN 9780124080614. 
  8. ↑ Proc F. according to Findlay[full citation needed]



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