Chemistry:Aurintricarboxylic acid

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Aurintricarboxylic acid[1]
Skeletal formula of aurintricarboxylic acid
Ball-and-stick model of the aurintricarboxylic acid molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
3,3′-[(3-Carboxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methylene]bis(6-hydroxybenzoic acid)
Other names
5,5′-[(3-Carboxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methylene]bis(2-hydroxybenzoic acid)
Aluminon free acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations ATA
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
UNII
Properties
C22H14O9
Molar mass 422.345 g·mol−1
Appearance Dark red to brown powder
Melting point 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is a chemical compound that readily polymerizes in aqueous solution, forming a stable free radical that inhibits protein-nucleic acid interactions. It is a potent inhibitor of ribonuclease and topoisomerase II by preventing the binding of the nucleic acid to the enzyme. It stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation processes including the Jak2/STAT5 pathway in NB2 lymphoma cells, ErbB4 in neuroblastoma cells, and MAP kinases, Shc proteins, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase Cγ in PC12 cells. It also inhibits apoptosis. It prevents down-regulation of Ca2+-impermeable GluR2 receptors and inhibits calpain, a Ca2+-activated protease that is activated during apoptosis.[1]

It is used to inhibit protein biosynthesis in its initial stages. Nominally, it is used in biological experiments as a protein inhibitor, and as an ammonium salt (known as aluminon) it is used as a reagent to estimate the aluminium in water, biological tissue, and foods.[2]

It was found that ATA is a strong inhibitor of topoisomerases and other nucleases. It might be useful for increasing efficiency of RNA isolation.[3]

It has been discovered that using aurintricarboxylic acid against influenza-A post-infection has a strong protective effect by inhibiting the virus' ability to reproduce. In cultured canine kidney cells, it was found to reduce viral reproduction and infection when applied post-infection, but not when used as a 'vaccine'.[4] It has also been shown to block the binding of the HIV coat molecule gp120 to the CD4 co-receptor on T cells through which it invades.[citation needed]

Aurintricarboxylic acid and its ammonium salt shows antiviral activity in vitro against coronaviruses such as SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2, and while it is unlikely to have suitable properties to be developed as a medicine in its own right, it has proved useful in scientific research into novel antiviral drugs to combat these diseases.[5][6]

Preparation

Aurintricarboxylic acid can be prepared by the condensation of formaldehyde with salicylic acid in the presence of nitrite-containing sulfuric acid.[7]

References